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    Antiviral activity of Spartium junceum against herpes simplex virus type 1: An in-vitro study
    (INT JOURNAL PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES & RESEARCH, 2019) Duman, Rüstem.; Doğan, Hasan Hüseyin.; Karakış, Hilal.
    This study was carried out to evaluate the antiviral activities of methanol and aqueous extracts prepared from the flowers and stems of Spartium junceum L., used as herbal medicine in the treatment of gastric ulcer in Turkish folk medicine, against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The maximum non-toxic concentration of the extracts (MNTC) was determined against Vero cells by using the serial two-fold dilution of MNTC (specific for each extract). The cytotoxic activity of the extracts and their ability to inhibit the cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by the virus in tissue culture was evaluated by colorimetric XTT assay after three days of inoculation and incubation. 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) and 50% effective concentration (EC50) were determined using graph pad prism, and the selectivity index (SI) was calculated from the EC50 ratio of CC50. As a result of the research, the strongest antiviral activity against HSV-1 was determined from flower aqueous extract with 1290.88 mu g/mL EC50 and 24.09 SI values, and this was followed by stem aqueous extract (EC50 = 1217.52 mu g/mL, SI = 12.22), flower methanol (EC50 = 1673.41 mu g/mL, SI = 6.74) and stem methanol extracts (EC50 = 795.31 mu g/mL, SI = 4.86). As a result, we can say that S. junceum extracts are worthy of further study to develop as an alternative to the drugs used clinically against HSV-1. This is the first report on S. junceum for anti-HSV-1 activity.
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    Evaluation of the antiviral activity of Ballota glandulosissima hub.-mor. & patzak extracts against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
    (TRAKYA UNIV BALKAN YERLESESI ENSTITULER BINASI, 2019) Doğan, Hasan Hüseyin.; Duman, Rüstem.
    In order to find new and effective antiviral agents from natural sources, the antiviral properties of methanol and aqueous extracts of Ballota glandulosissima Hub.-Mor. & Patzak were evaluated by Colorimetric XTT test against Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The concentration required to provide 50% protection against cytopathic effects caused by the virus was defined as EC50, the selectivity index (SI) was determined from the ratio of CC50 (50 % Cytotoxic concentration) to EC50. The results showed that both the methanol (EC50 = 12.45 mu g/mL; SI = 24.84) and aqueous extracts (EC50 = 19.12 mu g/mL; SI = 24.59) of B. glandulosissima had almost the same strong anti-RSV activity as well as ribavirin, used as a positive control against RSV (EC50 = 3.25 mu g/mL, SI = 34.89). In conclusion, we can say that B. glandulosissima extracts are worthy of further studies in order to develop an alternative to the drugs used in clinical practice against RSV. This is the first report on the antiRSV activity of B. glandulosissima.