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Öğe Antimicrobial activities of some mushrooms in Turkey(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2013) Dogan, Hasan Huseyin; Duman, Rustem; Ozkalp, Birol; Aydin, SemaContext: Terfezia boudieri Chatin (Pezizaceae), Agaricus brunnescens Peck (Agaricaceae) and Lactarius vellereus (Fr.) Fr. (Russulaceae) are well-known species in Turkey, and are used both for food and traditional medicine. Objective: The powdered fruit bodies of T. boudieri, A. brunnescens and L. vellereus were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activities. Materials and methods: Chloroform, acetone and methanol extracts of T. boudieri, A. brunnescens and L. vellereus were tested for their antimicrobial activities against four Gram-positive bacteria, five Gram-negative bacteria and yeast using a micro-dilution method. Results: The strongest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value observed against the test microorganisms was with the chloroform extract of T. boudieri (MIC 2.4 mu g/mL) against Streptococcus pyogenes. Maximum antimicrobial effects were observed with the acetone extracts of T. boudieri and L. vellereus (MIC 4.8 mu g/mL) against Bacillus subtilis. The strongest antifungal activity was observed with the acetone extracts of T. boudieri (MIC 2.4 mu g/mL) and A. brunnescens (MIC 19.5 mu g/mL) against Candida albicans. The strongest MIC values for all fungal extracts were observed between 78 and 2.4 mu g/mL. Discussion and conclusion: Present results demonstrated that these three mushroom species have excellent antimicrobial and antifungal activities, and thus have great potential as a source for natural health products.Öğe Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (BHV-1) Prevalence in Dairy Cattle(MEDWELL ONLINE, 2011) Iscan, Uzeyir Taha; Duman, RustemIn this study, Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) prevelance causing Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) in dairy cattle that showed respiratory system symptoms and that were located in Iskilip, Corum situated in Middle Black Sea Region in Turkey were studied. For this purpose, owned by small family enterprises and not vaccinated, 5200 animals over 1 year old were scanned and nasal swap and blood samples were taken from 250 animals showing respiratory system disease symptoms and having body temperature above normal. Total 250 nasal swap samples and blood samples from the same cattle were tested, respectively against antigen and antibody presence for BHV-1 by ELISA kits obtained commercially. For the sampled cattle, BHV-1 antigen prevelance was detected as 0.8% (2/250). During the serological part of the study, for the same sampled animals, BHV-1 specific antibody prevelance was detected as 21.2% (53/250). Consequently, BHV-1 infection presence/extensity was detected in cattle owned by family enterprises in Iskilip vicinity and it was agreed that serious precautions should be taken to control the infection.Öğe CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF RIBES UVA CRISPA LINN. AND RIBES MULTIFLORUM KIT. EX ROMER AND SCHULTES EXTRACTS(INT JOURNAL PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES & RESEARCH, 2018) Duman, Rustem; Dogan, Hasan Huseyin; Dinc, Muhittin; Tuncer, PinarTo find new antiviral agents from natural sources, methanol and aqueous extracts of leaves and fruits of Ribes uva crispa and Ribes multiflorum naturally grown in Turkey were investigated as in vitro to reveal their antiviral activities against Herpes simplex virus type 1. All experiments were performed in 96-well plates and results were measured with XTT-based colorimetric assay. Results demonstrated that all extracts have no cytotoxic effect on vero cells at 10000 mu g/mL, while they also exhibited anti-HSV-1 activity with different percentages of protection (varying between 2.65% - 50.40%) in 10000 mu g/mL which was at the highest concentration in vero cells. 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of the extracts which were determined having percentage of protection against HSV-1 at concentrations lower than 10000 mu g/mL were calculated using GraphPad Prism Version 5.03 statistics program with non-linear regression analysis. These extracts were determined to have EC50 values ranging between 9710 - 70600 mu g/mL and selectivity index (SI) are ranging between 0.14 - 1.03. On the basis of these results we believe that it would be worthwhile expanding these studies to include additional species of Turkish plants.Öğe EFFECT OF MORCHELLA CONICA AND FOMES FOMENTARIUS EXTRACTS AGAINST THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS IN-VITRO(INT JOURNAL PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES & RESEARCH, 2018) Dogan, Hasan Huseyin; Duman, Rustem; Tuncer, PinarAntiviral properties of methanol and aqueous extracts from Morchella conica and Fomes fomentarius were assessed by colorimetric XTT test against human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). HEp-2 cell line was used for the cytotoxic and antiviral effects of the extracts. Non-cytotoxic concentrations of methanol and aqueous extracts of M. conica were tested in 50000 to 195 mu g/mL. In contrast, the cytotoxic F. fomentarius methanol and aqueous extracts and Ribavirin were tested at concentrations from 3347-13.1 mu g/mL, 4906.5-19.2 mu g/mL and 86.60-0.30 mu g/mL, respectively. The results showed that aqueous extract of F. fomentarius had strong anti-HRSV activity (EC50 = 358.7 mu g/mL, SI = 27.4) which could be compared with ribavirin (EC50 = 15.6 mu g/mL, SI = 11.1) used as a positive control against HRSV, while other extracts (M. conica methanol extract EC50 = 28055 mu g/mL, SI = >1.8; F. fomentarius methanol extract EC50 = 3000 mu g/mL, SI = 2.2) were found to have weak antiviral activity. As a result, it can be said that aqueous extract of F. fomentarius is worthy of further study as an alternative drugs in order to develop anti RSV.Öğe Study of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Infection in Dairy Cattle(MEDWELL ONLINE, 2011) Ozer, Erol; Duman, RustemIn this study, blood and milk samples were collected from 500 cattle that were selected out of 1250 cattle by random sampling. method (40% of the animals) and detected by their ear numbers, located in 5 different enterprises in Konya and around between the years 2009-2010 and not vaccinated with Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD). Serum samples prepared from these specimen (blood and milk) were studied for antibody presence using commercial indirect ELISA kits and white blood cell samples were studied for antigen presence by commercially obtained direct ELISA kit. As a result of ELISA applied to blood serum samples, out of 500 animals, 449 were detected positive, 6 doubtful and 45 negative. Seropositivity was detected between 80.68-100% on the basis of enterprises while it was at a rate of 89.80% regionwide. As a result of ELISA applied to milk serum samples, out of 500 animals, 442 were detected positive, 1 doubtful and 57 negative. Seropositivity was detected between 82.50-95.24% on the basis of enterprises while it was at a rate of 88.40% regionwide. At the first step of the virological part of the study, as a result of ELISA applied to detect BVDV antigen in white blood cell samples, antigen presence was detected in only 3 animals out of 500 (0.60%). In the second sampling done to detect whether these 3 animals that were antigen-positive and antibody-negative were persistently infected or not, antigen presence couldn't be detected in white blood cell samples and these 3 animals were considered as acute-infected in terms of BVDV. Consequently, PI presence wasn't detected for cattle in the region and BVDV infection was at a similar rate when compared to the serological study done previously. Besides, the fact that close results were obtained as a result of ELISA applied to blood and milk serum shows that using milk serum in serological tests could be preferred as an alternative method to blood serum since sampling is easy and cheap for the researcher.
