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    Comparison of autoclave, microwave, IR and UV-C stabilization of whole wheat flour branny fractions upon the nutritional properties of whole wheat bread
    (SPRINGER INDIA, 2014) Demir, Mustafa Kursat; Elgun, Adem
    In this study, whole wheat bread (WWB) prepared by whole wheat flour (WWF) which its branny fraction (35+/-1% w/w whole flour) previously was stabilized with different processes. Branny fractions obtained by milling of two different Bezostaja-1 wheat samples (medium and high strong) at 65+/-1% wheat flour extraction ratio. These fractions were stabilized using autoclave (AU), microwave (MW), infrared (IR) and ultraviolet-C (UV-C) methods. Then, WWF obtained by remixing of stabilized branny fraction (35+/-1% w/w) and wheat flour (65+/-1% w/w) of same wheat samples. Following this process, WWB was made from WWF. WWB were analyzed to determine their nutritional properties as crude protein, in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), phytic acid content, total and HCl-extractable mineral concentrations, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity and total dietary fiber (TDF). While IVPD, TPC and antioxidant activity of WWB increased together with all stabilization methods, a significant (P<0.05) loss was observed on phytic acid content of the WWB. Especially, UV-C and IR treatments had positive effects on TPC and antioxidant activity. AU and MW stabilization methods increased total mineral and HCl-extractable minerals of WWB. As a result of this study, all stabilization processes had an improving effect on nutritional characteristic of WWB.
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    Effect of dietary fibre and xylanase enzyme addition on the selected properties of wire-cut cookies
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2007) Uysal, Hacer; Bilgicli, Nermin; Elgun, Adem; Ibanoglu, Senol; Herken, Emine Nur; Demir, M. Kursat
    Wire-cut cookies were prepared with 0-30% of the wheat flour substituted with fibres from apple, lemon, wheat and wheat bran. Cookies were also prepared with the addition of 0.4% xylanase enzyme. The effect of increased levels of fibres from different sources and xylanase enzyme addition on the approximate chemical composition, spread ratio, hardness, cellulose, energy and sensory properties of cookie samples were investigated. It was found that increasing fibre content resulted in decreased spread values of cookies. Addition of 0.4% xylanase enzyme increased the spread values as compared to control samples with no enzyme added. The samples with lemon fibre produced harder samples while relatively softer samples were obtained with wheat bran. Addition of xylanase enzyme reduced the hardness value of the samples in general. The samples with added wheat fibre and wheat bran received acceptable scores from the taste panellists. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Effect of pentosanase on dough and bread properties produced by different types of flours
    (BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 2008) Koyuncu, Oezkan; Bilgicli, Nermin; Elgun, Adem; Kara, Meryem
    The effects of pentosanase at different doses (20, 60 and 100 ppm) on physical dough properties and bread quality were studied using three types of wheat flours. Flour A was a regular bread flour, flour B had a high hardness ratio and protein content, and flour C was prepared from the same blend of flour A but had a high extraction ratio. Regarding farinograph data, water absorption values of the high extraction (86%) flour C and high hardness (65%) blend flour B increased with introduction of pentosanase. Extensibility values of the flours increased moderately with pentosanase addition, while resistance and energy values decreased. The volume of breads made with flours C and B decreased upon addition of pentosanase. But loaf volume of breads prepared with regular bread flour A with 50% hardness and 76% extraction rate increased with high levels of pentosanase addition. In conclusion, flour A as a regular bread flour gave satisfactory results with pentosanase supplementations, whereas the harder-blend (65%) and higher-extraction-rate (85%) flours from the same cultivars did not.
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    EFFECTS OF BUCKWHEAT (FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM MOENCH) MILLING PRODUCTS, TRANSGLUTAMINASE AND SODIUM STEAROYL-2-LACTYLATE ON BREAD PROPERTIES
    (WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2013) Atalay, Mahmut Hayali; Bilgicli, Nermin; Elgun, Adem; Demir, Mustafa Kursat
    Buckwheat milling products (white flour, whole flour and bran) were replaced with wheat flour at a 20% ratio and was used in bread making with and without the additives of sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL), transglutaminase (TG) and SSL + TG combination. An experiment was conducted according to (4 x 4) x 2 factorial design. Rheological properties of doughs and the physical, chemical and sensory properties of breads were determined. Buckwheat milling products (BMP) decreased stability of the doughs, but SSL and SSL + TG combination showed positive effect on the dough stability. The synergistic effect of TG+SSL combination on resistance of the dough was observed. All BMP reduced bread volume and the lightness (L) values of crust and crumb. SSL + TG combination improved bread volume, 72nd hours crumb softness, the crust and crumb lightness. Especially, buckwheat bran addition increased ash, protein, fiber, fat and mineral contents of the breads. The bread containing white buckwheat flour or whole buckwheat flour showed similar or superior sensory bread properties compared with the control prepared with wheat flour. To take into account handling properties of dough and technological, nutritional and sensory properties of breads, the best combination were found as whole buckwheat flour and SSL + TG usage. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Buckwheat is an important raw material in functional food production with balanced amino acid composition, high contents of vitamins, minerals, polyunsaturated essential fatty acids, sterols, flavanoids and fagopyratol. Some functional components of buckwheat have health benefits like reducing high blood pressure, lowering cholesterol, controlling blood sugar and preventing cancer risk. In this research transglutaminase (TG) and sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL) were used to overcome the quality losses and to improve technological and sensory properties of breads prepared with BMP. The bread-making process was applied successfully with aiding TG and SSL.
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    Effects of Chickpea Flours and Whole Egg on Selected Properties of Eriste, Turkish Noodle (vol 16, pg 557, 2010)
    (KARGER, 2011) Demi, Berat; Bilgic, Nermin; Elgun, Adem; Demi, M. Kursat
    [Abstract not Available]
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    Stabilization of Whole Wheat Flour Branny Fractions With Special Emphasis on Internal and External Characteristic of Whole Wheat Bread
    (JAPANESE SOC FOOD SCI & TECHNOLOGY, 2013) Demir, M. Kursat; Elgun, Adem
    In this study, whole wheat bread (WWB) prepared by whole wheat flour (WWF) which its branny fraction (35 +/- 1% w/w whole flour) previously was stabilized with different processes. These fractions were stabilized using autoclave (AU), microwave (MW), infrared (IR) and ultraviolet-C (UV-C) methods. Then, WWF obtained by remixing of stabilized branny fraction (35 +/- 1% w/w) and wheat flour (65 +/- 1% w/w) of same wheat samples. The WWF samples were used in breadmaking. As parameters, the external (loaf weight, volume, specific volume, crust color) and the internal (crumb color and hardness) properties of the WWB were measured. The increase in strongness of wheat gives WWB with desirable quality characteristics, besides the stabilization processes enables to produce bread having higher loaf volume, crust redness, crumb lightness and crumb softness. As a result of this study, all stabilization processes had an improving effect on external and internal properties of WWB. The best results were obtained by AU and MW stabilization methods.