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Öğe Effect of etanercept on cytokines and 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha concentrations during endotoxemia(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2012) Er, A.; Dik, B.; Altan, F.; Cetin, G.; Uney, K.; Elmas, M.; Yazar, E.[Abstract not Available]Öğe Effect of flunixin meglumin on the antioxidant status in endotoxemia(SCIENDO, 2007) Konyalioglu, S.; Er, A.; Uney, K.; Elmas, M.; Yazar, E.In this study, the effects of flunixin meglumin on the antioxidant status during endotoxemia were investigated. Thirty Balb/C mice were divided into three equal groups. Mice with no treatment formed the control group (group I). Mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS + flunixin meglumin (FM) formed groups II and III, respectively. An mice were sacrificed and tissue samples were collected 6 hours after treatments. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), as well as levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were determined spectrophotometrically. LPS caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in levels of MDA (heart, kidney, spleen) which is an accepted biomarker of oxidative stress, and changed the levels of SOD, GPX, CAT and GSH. When FM was administered simultaneously with LPS, FM inhibited (p < 0.05) the increase of MDA levels in an tissues. As results, LPS caused MDA levels and oxidative stress to increase. However, FM depressed the LPS induced increase of MDA levels. This antioxidant effect of FM may be beneficial in endotoxemia.Öğe Effect of flunixin meglumine on cytokine levels in experimental Endotoxemia in mice(WILEY, 2007) Yazar, E.; Er, A.; Uney, K.; Altunok, V.; Elmas, M.In this study, effect of flunixin meglumine on serum tumour necrosis factor alpha, (TNF alpha) interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-10 levels was investigated in lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxic mice. Healthy 273 Balb/C mice were used and divided into three equal groups. Group 1 was injected lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli 0 111:134, 250 mu g/mouse, intraperitoneally), Group 2 was injected flunixin meglumine (2.5 mg/kg, subcutaneously), and Group 3 was injected lipopolysaccharide + flunixin meglumine. After the treatments, at 0., 1., 2., 3., 6., 12., 24th hours and 3., 5., 7. 14., 21., 28th days blood samples were taken from seven mice in each group. Serum TNF alpha, interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-10 levels were measured using commercially available kits by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Flunixin meglumine did not affect the cytokine levels in healthy animals. While lipopolysaccharide increased serum TNF alpha, interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-10 levels, flunixin meglumine inhibited increases at levels of all cytokines. As result, flunixin meglumine showed depressor effect on cytokine levels in endotoxemia and the effect may be a reason for the first chosen member of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug in endotoxemia.Öğe Effect of Phenobarbital on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Blood Gas Parameters in Balb/C Mice(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2001) Demir, O.; Yazar, E.; Altunok, V.; Elmas, M.; Özdemir, V.In this study, effect of Phenobarbital was investigated on antioxidant enzyme activities and blood gas parameters in Balb/C mice. Forty male Balb/C mice were used. Ten mice were served as a control group, and thirty mice were administered phenobarbital (80 mg/kg body weight, orally, single administration). Blood, brain and liver samples were taken at 6, 12 and 24 hours after administration. Brain and liver tissues superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured by spectrophotometry, and blood gas parameters were measured with blood gas analyzer. As results, phenobarbital caused temporary respiratory acidosis and a decrease in brain tissue superoxide dismutase activity.Öğe Effect of Tilmicosin on Cardiac Muscle and Serum Creatine Kinases Activities and Serum Total Protein Level in Healthy Male Balb/C Mice(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2001) Yazar, E.; Altunok, V.; Elmas, M.; Traş, B.; Baş, A. L.; Özdemir, V.In this study, the effect of tilmicosin on cardiac muscle and serum creatine kinases activities and serum total protein level was investigated. Forty male Balb/C mice were used as materials. Ten mice were used as a control group, and thirty mice were injected with tilmicosin (25 mg/kg body weight, SC, single injection) and monitored for 3 days. The results obtained in the present study show that use of tilmicosin caused temporary increases in cardiac muscle creatine kinase activity and serum total protein level in male Balb/C mice.Öğe Effect of tilmicosin on serum cytokine productions(WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC, 2009) Elmas, M.; Er, A.; Avci, G. E.; Bulbul, A.; Uney, K.; Yazar, E.[Abstract not Available]Öğe The Effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid on the Phagocytic Function of Bovine Neutrophils in Vitro(ECOLE NATIONAL VET TOULOUSE, 1998) Baş, A. L.; Traş, B.; Elmas, M.; Keskin, E.; Yazar, E.Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, has been used for its analgesic and antiinflammatory properties. Its stimulating effect on the immune system has recently been described. In the present study, the effect of ASA on phagocytic and microbicidal activity was investigated in vitro at the concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 250 and 500 mu g/ml in the peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) of twelve healthy Holstein heifers. The functions of PMNL were evaluated with flourescent microscopy using flourochrome dye, acridine orange. In this study, all the results compared to the controls at the concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 mu g/ml of ASA revealed that phagocytosis increased from 74.25 % to 80.3, 80.5 and 83.7 %, respectively. There was a statistically significant decrease of phagocytic activity of PMNL between the 500 mu g/ml of ASA and control group. In addition to this, the microbicidal activity increased at the dose of 50 mu g/ml of ASA (97.1 %). Whereas there was a decrease at doses of 250 (87.4 %) and 500 mu g/ml of ASA (87.3 %) compared with the control group (92.2 %). The results of the in vitro experiments showed that the function of bovine polymorphonuclear leucocytes was altered by different concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid.Öğe Effects of Continuous Supplementations of Ascorbic Acid, Aspirin, Vitamin E and Selenium on Some Haematological Parameters and Serum Superoxide Dismutase Level in Broiler Chickens(Carfax Publishing, 2000) Traş, B.; Inal, F.; Baş, A. L.; Altunok, V.; Elmas, M.; Yazar, E.1. This study was conducted using male broiler chickens to determine the effects of ascorbic acid, aspirin, ascorbic acid+aspirin, vitamin E+selenium and ascorbic acid+aspirin+vitamin E+selenium supplementations on haematological parameters and serum superoxide dismutase concentration. 2. One hundred and twenty day-old male Hubbunt broiler chicks were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups of 20 chicks each and placed in different pens. Groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were given a diet supplemented with ascorbic acid, aspirin (in water), ascorbic acid+aspirin, vitamin E+selenium and ascorbic acid+aspirin+vitamin E+selenium, respectively for 45 d while group 1 was given a commercial broiler diet. 3. There was no significant effect of ascorbic acid, aspirin, ascorbic acid+aspirin, vitamin E+selenium supplementations on any of the haematological parameters (red blood cell, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular haemoglobin) in broilers but ascorbic acid+aspirin+vitamin E+selenium supplementation significantly decreased the white blood cell counts. 4. In addition to this, ascorbic acid, aspirin, ascorbic acid+aspirin and ascorbic acid+aspirin+vitamin E+selenium supplementations had no significant effect on the serum superoxide dismutase level, but vitamin E+selenium supplementation increased the serum superoxide dismutase level.Öğe Effects of Continuous Supplementations of Ascorbic Acid, Aspirin, Vitamin E, and Selenium on Performance, Immune Response, and Some Biochemical Parameters Under Normal Environmental and Management Conditions in Broilers(EUGEN ULMER GMBH CO, 2001) Traş, B.; İnal, F.; Baş, A. L.; Altunok, V.; Elmas, M.; Yazar, E.Male broiler chickens were used to determine the effects of ascorbic acid, aspirin, ascorbic acid + aspirin, vitamin E + selenium, and ascorbic acid + aspirin + vitamin E + selenium supplementation on performance, IgG levels, and some biochemical parameters in blood. Three hundred and ninety six 1-day-old male. Hubbunt broilers were randomly divided into six groups. Each group was placed in different pens and feed and water were provided ad libitum. Performance parameters (body weight, feed intake and feed conversion), IgG levels, vitamins A and E, and some biochemical parameters in blood (Na, K, Cl, total protein and albumin) were measured on days 15, 30, and 45 in all groups. The results revealed at the end of the study showed that aspirin, vitamin C, vitamin E + selenium administrations exhibited no effects on levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, total protein, albumin, Na, Cl and K in blood, while aspirin administration decreased IgG level. Vitamin C administration increased IgG level in serum, aspirin + vitamin C administration increased albumin and K in serum, aspirin + vitamin C + vitamin E + selenium administration increased vitamin E and Na level in serum. Also, there was no significant difference in performance between the control and the experimental groups. It was suggested that vitamin C administration to diets may be useful for broiler breeds due to the observed increased IgG level.Öğe EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF DEXAMETHASONE PLUS FLUNIXIN MEGLUMINE ON SURVIVAL RATE IN LETHAL ENDOTOXEMIA(DE GRUYTER POLAND SP ZOO, 2009) Er, A.; Uney, K.; Altan, F.; Cetin, G.; Yazar, E.; Elmas, M.Effects of different doses of dexamethasone plus flunixin meglumine on survival rate were investigated in lethal endotoxemia. A total of 60 Balb/C female mice were divided into 4 equal groups. Lethal endotoxemia (80-100%) was induced by lipopolysaccharide injection (Group 1, 1 mg, intraperinoneally). At 4 hours after the lipopolysaccharide injection; low-dose dexamethasone (0.6 mg/kg, SID, 5 days, intramuscularly) + flunixin meglumine (2 mg/kg, SID, 5 days, subcutaneously), normal-dose dexamethasone (2 mg/kg, SID, 5 days, intramuscularly) + flunixin meglumine (2 mg/kg, SID, 5 days, subcutaneously) and high-dose dexamethasone (10 mg/kg, SID, 5 days, intramuscularly) + flunixin meglumine (2 mg/kg, SID, 5 days, subcutaneously) were injected to Group 2, 3 and 4, respectively. After the injections, survival was monitored at 7 days and 13.3%, 13.3%, 33.3% and 73.3% survival rates were observed in Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. As results, high-dose dexamethasone plus flunixin meglumine may be the treatment of choice for endotoxaemia in animals.Öğe Effects of enrofloxacin, flunixin meglumine and dexamethasone on disseminated intravascular coagulation and cytokine levels in endotoxemia(WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC, 2009) Elmas, M.; Bulbul, A.; Avci, G. E.; Er, A.; Uney, K.; Yazar, E.; Tras, B.[Abstract not Available]Öğe Efficacies of Free and Liposome-Encapsulated Enrofloxacin (Baytril (R)) Against Staphylococcus Aureus Infection in Turkish Shepherd Dog Neutrophils in Vitro(Ecole National Vet Toulouse, 2000) Baş, A. L.; Elmas, M.; Şimşek, A.; Traş, B.; Yazar, E.; Hadimli, H. H.The influence of free and liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin at concentrations of 1, 2 and 4 mu g/ml was studied on phagocytic and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus, in cultured neutrophils of six healthy Turkish Shepherd Dogs. Enrofloxacin was encapsulated by using reverse-phase evaporation method in multilamellar liposomes composed of 15 mg egg phosphatidylcholine and 35 mg cholesterol. Phagocytic and killing activity of neutrophils were determined by fluorescent microscopic technique. Liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin significantly enhanced the intraphagocytic killing of bacteria in neutrophils compared to free drug. Phagocytic activity of neutrophils was not significantly different among groups. The results obtained in the present study show that use of enrofloxacin encapsulated in liposomes may improve the antibacterial efficacy of the antibiotic.Öğe Influence of Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced endotoxaemia on the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after intravenous administration in rabbits(BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 2006) Elmas, M.; Yazar, E.; Uney, K.; Er (Karabacak), A.The main goal of present study was to determine the effects of an Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced endotoxaemic status on disposition of enrofloxacin after a single intravenous dose (5 mg/kg) in rabbits. Septic shock was induced by the i.v. bolus administration at a single dose of E. coli lipopolysaccharide. Six adult New Zealand White rabbits were used. Concentrations of drug in plasma were determined by HPLC. The plasma pharmacokinetic values for enrofloxacin were best represented using a two-Compartment open model. Total plasma clearance (Cl-T) decreased from 2.11 (l/h/kg) in healthy animals to 1.50 (l/h/kg) in rabbits with septic shock, which is related to an increase in the AUCO(0 -> infinity). In endotoxaemic rabbits, volume of distribution at steady state (V-dss = 3.61 l/kg) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in healthy animals (V-dss = 4.97 l/kg). However, the elimination half-life of enrofloxacin was not affected by lipopolysaccharide administration.Öğe Investigation of Biochemical and Haematological Side-Effects of Enrofloxacin in Dogs(BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH, 2001) Traş, B.; Maden, M.; Baş, A. L.; Elmas, M.; Yazar, E.; Civelek, T.In the present study, effects of enrofloxacin on biochemical, haematological and blood gas parameters were investigated. Changes in laboratory parameters were monitored during the treatment period. Enrofloxacin was administered (5 mg/kg intramuscularly, once daily) to 10 healthy dogs for 14 days. Acidosis and temporary increases in aspartate aminotransferase, indirect bilirubin, sodium, partial pressure of CO2 and mean corpuscular volume levels as well as decreased levels of inorganic phosphorus, ionized calcium, potassium, partial pressure of O-2 and standard bicarbonate were observed. The results of this study suggest that these observed effects of enrofloxacin on blood gas parameters should be taken into consideration in long-term use of the drug.Öğe Investigation of Haematological and Biochemical Side Effects of Tilmicosin in Healthy New Zealand Rabbits(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2002) Altunok, V.; Yazar, E.; Elmas, M.; Traş, B.; Baş, A. L.; Cöl, R.In this study, the effects of tilmicosin on some haematological and biochemical variables were investigated. Ten male New Zealand rabbits were used as material. The tilmicosin was injected (25 mg kg body weight. subcutaneously as a single injection), and the rabbits were monitored for 4 days. No negative effects of tilmicosin on haematological and biochemical variables were observed, but it did cause a temporary decrease in red and white blood cell counts.Öğe Pharmacokinetic Profile of Ceftiofur Sodium in Endotoxemic Newborn Calves Treated with Single and Combined Therapy(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2012) Elmas, M.; Altan, F.; Uney, K.; Er, A.; Yazar, E.[Abstract not Available]Öğe Pharmacokinetics and Oral Bioavailability of Enrofloxacin in Faunated and Defaunated Angora Goats(Ecole National Vet Toulouse, 2000) Elmas, M.; Yazar, E.; Traş, B.; Baş, A. L.; Eryavuz, A.The pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability of enrofloxacin were compared after single oral administration of 5 mg/kg bw to faunated and defaunated adult Angora goats. Plasma enrofloxacin concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic data were best described by a 2-compartment open model and were similar in both groups. The plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin in defaunated group were higher than those of faunated group except for 8, 12 and 24 hours, and C-max in defaunated goats was also higher than other group (p < 0.05). Although the oral bioavailability of the drug in defaunated group (F, 30 %) was higher than that in the faunated group (F, 23 %), this difference was not significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, oral absorption of enrofloxacin in adult angora goats was slightly affected by defaunation. Despite of low oral bioavailability, once daily oral administration of enrofloxacin at the dose of 5 mg/kg bw may be suitable in treatment of infectious diseases caused by sensitive pathogens in Angora goats.Öğe Plasma and synovial fluid pharmacokinetics of cefquinome following the administration of multiple doses in horses(WILEY, 2017) Uney, K.; Altan, F.; Altan, S.; Erol, H.; Arican, M.; Elmas, M.The plasma and synovial fluid pharmacokinetics and safety of cefquinome, a 2-amino-5-thiazolyl cephalosporin, were determined after multiple intravenous administrations in sixteen healthy horses. Cefquinome was administered to each horse through a slow i.v. injection over 20min at 1, 2, 4, and 6mg/kg (n=4 horses per dose) every 12h for 7days (a total of 13 injections). Serial blood and synovial fluid samples were collected during the 12h after the administration of the first and last doses and were analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The data were evaluated using noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analyses. The estimated plasma pharmacokinetic parameters were compared with the hypothetical minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (0.125-2g/mL). The plasma and synovial fluid concentrations and area under the concentration-time curves (AUC) of cefquinome showed a dose-dependent increase. After a first dose of cefquinome, the ranges for the mean plasma half-life values (2.30-2.41h), the mean residence time (1.77-2.25h), the systemic clearance (158-241mL/h/kg), and the volume of distribution at steady-state (355-431mL/kg) were consistent across dose levels and similar to those observed after multiple doses. Cefquinome did not accumulate after multiple doses. Cefquinome penetrated the synovial fluid with AUC(synovial fluid)/AUC(plasma) ratios ranging from 0.57 to 1.37 after first and thirteenth doses, respectively. Cefquinome is well tolerated, with no adverse effects. The percentage of time for which the plasma concentrations were above the MIC was >45% for bacteria, with MIC values of 0.25, 0.5, and 1g/mL after the administration of 1, 2, and 4 or 6mg/kg doses of CFQ at 12-h intervals, respectively. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dosage regimes in critically ill patients.