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Öğe Critical steps in electronic volume quantification of gingival crevicular fluid: the potential impact of evaporation, fluid retention, local conditions and repeated measurements(WILEY, 2004) Tözüm, Tolga F.; Hatipoğlu, Hasan; Yamalık, Nermin; Gürsel, Mihtikar; Alptekin, Nilgün Özlem; Ataoğlu, Tamer; Marakoğlu, İsmailBackground and objectives: Various methodological factors may operate during clinical gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sampling, volume quantification or subsequent laboratory analysis. For precise volume quantification, specific concern for generation and maintenance of a reliable calibration curve, the potential risk of GCF loss as a result of evaporation or fluid retention on actual volume and the impact of local conditions is needed because each of these factors may act as a source of subsequent volumetric distortions. Thus, the present study aimed to analyse the impact of sample transfer time on the rate of evaporation and the possibility of fluid retention, and the impact of local conditions and number of replicated measurements on the reliability of calibration data. Materials and methods: To analyse evaporative errors, standardized Periopaper((R)) strips provided with known test volumes (0.1 mul, 0.2 mul, 0.5 mul and 0.6 mul) were transferred to Periotron 8000((R)) with different time intervals (immediately, 5 s, 30 s and 60 s). For fluid retention, after quantifying the actual volume of the strips provided with known volumes (0.1 mul and 0.6 mul) of two test fluids, a second set of measurements was performed using dry strips. To determine the impact of local conditions (temperature and humidity) and the validity of 3, 5 and 20 replications (0.0-0.6 mul with 0.1-mul increments) on device calibration for 20degreesC and 25degreesC, electronic readings were obtained from three devices at three different locations. Differences in volumetric data in each experimental design were statistically analysed. Results: No significant fluid loss was observed within 5 s, but evaporation clearly led to volumetric distortions with extending transfer times (30 s or 60 s) (p < 0.05). Measurable amounts of fluid retention were found for both volumes and both test fluids, but not with identical patterns. Local conditions resulted in unique calibration data for each test volume and for each device. Although a 5degreesC increase generally provided higher readings, this was not observed for all devices at all volumes. Additional replicates (n = 5 or n = 20) did not seem to add any further reliability to the triplicate scores for the given test volumes. Conclusion: The findings of the present study confirm the reliability of triplicate readings, and uniqueness of each device and electronic data and the distinct impact of local environmental conditions on the generation/maintenance of calibration scores for each particular device. Furthermore, they underline time-dependent evaporation and fluid retention as additional technical concerns and once again highlight the importance of methodological standardization of the electronic volume quantification process.Öğe Evaluation of long-term effects of diode laser application in periodontal treatment of poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis(WILEY, 2019) Eltaş, Şeydanur Dengizek; Gürsel, Mihtikar; Eltaş, Abubekir; Alptekin, Nilgün Özlem; Ataoğlu, TamerPurpose This study aimed to investigate the effects of diode laser (DL) in addition to non-surgical periodontal treatment on periodontal parameters, systemic inflammatory response and serum haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) level in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic periodontitis. Methods Thirty-seven patients with poorly controlled T2DM and chronic periodontitis completed this study. The patients were divided into two groups. The individuals in the control group received placebo laser treatment in addition to scaling and root planing (SRP). The individuals in the study group received DL (1 watt) in addition to SRP. Clinical index measurements were performed before treatment (T0), 3 months after treatment (T1) and 6 months after treatment (T2). Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level and probing depth were measured to determine periodontal status. HbA1(c) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were also analysed using blood samples. Results In both groups, clinical and laboratory parameters were significantly improved at T1 and T2 compared to baseline (P < 0.05). Gingival index, bleeding on probing and probing depth were more significantly reduced after treatment in the SRP+DL group than in the SRP group (P < 0.05). The serum CRP and HbA(1c) levels were similar between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion The use of DL in addition to SRP in periodontal treatment of T2DM individuals makes positive contribution to the reduction of local inflammation and to periodontal healing. On the other hand, it has no beneficial effects on systemic inflammatory response and glycaemic control.Öğe Interleukin-i Beta, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Levels and Neutrophil Elastase Activity in Peri-İmplant Crevicular Fluid - Correlation With Clinical Parameters and Effect of Smoking(WILEY, 2002) Ataoğlu, Hanife; Alptekin, Nilgün Özlem; Haliloğlu, Seyfullah; Gürsel, Mihtikar; Ataoğlu, Tamer; Serpek, Behiç; Durmuş, ErcanThe aim of this study was to determine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels and neutrophil elastase (NE) activity in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of smoker and nonsmoker patients, and to investigate their relationships with clinical parameters. A total of 42 endosseous root-form dental implants of 14 patients were clinically examined by modified Plaque index (PI), modified Gingival index (Gl) and probing depth (PD). Smoking habits of the patients were recorded. PICF of implants were collected by Periopaper strips and IL-1beta, TNF-alpha levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). NE was analyzed with a neutrophil specific chromogenic substrate, N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-p-nitroanilide. The cytokine and enzyme levels in PICF were expressed as total amount/activity and as concentrations. NE activity in PICF significantly correlated with GI and PD, and IL-1beta levels with GI and PICF volume (P < 0.05). The correlations were stronger when the PICF levels were expressed as total IL-1beta amount and as total NE activity. The implants with inflamed gingiva (GI > 1) had higher levels of IL-1beta and NE activity than implants with noninflamed or slightly inflamed gingiva (GI less than or equal to 1) (P < 0.05). Total NE activity in implants with deep pockets (PD > 3 mm) was greater than the implants with shallow pockets (PD :5 3 mm) (P < 0.05). The implants of smoker patients had significantly lower PICF NE activity and IL-1beta levels, and significantly higher TNF-alpha levels than the implants of nonsmokers (P < 0.05). The findings of the present study indicate that NE activity and IL-1beta levels in PICF may be used to measure implant health status of patients who do not smoke.Öğe A Rare Case of Gingival Myiasis Caused by Diptera (Calliphoridae)(Blackwell Munksgaard, 2002) Gürsel, Mihtikar; Aldemir, Osman Selçuk; Özgür, Zübeyde; Ataoğlu, TamerMyiasis was first described by Hope in 1840. Since then, many cases of myiasis affecting different human organs have been reported. Oral myiasis is very rare in healthy persons but occurs mainly in the tropics and associated with inadequate public and personel hygiene. In this case report, we present clinical findings gingival myiasis. The patient was 26-year-old farmer and his chief complaint was discomfort and swelling in his maxillary gingiva. The patient's medical and family histories were non-contributory and oral hygiene was not acceptable. The diagnosis was based on the characteristic clinical features and the visual presence of,wriggling larvae about I cm in size. The larvae were identified as Calliphoridae. Treatment consisted of removal of the maggots from the gingival sulcus, followed by scaling and oral hygiene instruction. One week later, a periodontal flap operation was done. The patient was followed-up for 6 months and healing was uneventful.
