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    Quercetin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) attenuate acute exercise-induced oxidative stress
    (MATTIOLI 1885, 2015) Gergerlioglu, Hasan Serdar; Gokbel, Hakki; Okudan, Nilsel; Gergerlioglu, Nursadan; Demir, Enver Ahmet
    Flavonoids are naturally occurring antioxidant molecules that are abundantly existing in the human diet. We investigated effects of quercetin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester to redox balance in acute treadmill exercise. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase activity, xanthine oxidase activity and total nitrite in blood, skeletal muscle and liver were analyzed in 58 male Sprague-Dawley rats that were exposed to a single bout of exercise. We found that exercise provoked the increment of analyzed parameters except for total nitrite which indicates nitric oxide. Quercetin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester decreased malondialdehyde levels in skeletal muscle and liver. However, they were ineffectual in preventing lipid peroxidation in blood probably due to limited repair and biosynthesis capability of erythrocytes. Since quercetin and CAPE successfully weakened oxidative stress in liver and skeletal muscle, they may be seen as promising in preventing acute exercise-induced oxidative injury.
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    The relation between Ring Box-1 protein overexpression and tumor grade and stage in bladder urothelial cell carcinoma
    (IOS PRESS, 2017) Celik, Zeliha Esin; Kaynar, Mehmet; Karabagli, Pinar; Gergerlioglu, Nursadan; Goktas, Serdar
    BACKGROUND: Ring Box Protein-1 (RBX-1), a component of SCF E3 ubiquitin ligases, has a crucial role in bladder urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) carcinogenesis and progression. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, it is aimed to determine the expression of RBX-1 protein in bladder UCC and the association between tumor grade, stage and RBX-1 expression. METHODS: Ninety UCC samples and 20 samples containing foci of normal bladder urothelium were recruited and analyzed immunohistochemically in terms of RBX-1 expression. Immuno-reactivity scoring system (IRS) was used to determine RBX-1 expression levels. RESULTS: RBX-1 overexpression was associated with high tumor grade (p = 0.001) and advanced stage (p = 0.001). pT1 tumors showed higher RBX-1 expression than pTa tumors. pT2 tumors showed not only higher expression than pTa tumors but also higher expression than the total of pTa and pT1 groups combined. There was no statistically significant relation between RBX-1 expression and patient gender (p = 0.116) or age (p = 0.191). CONCLUSIONS: In bladder UCC, RBX-1 overexpression is associated with high tumor grade and advanced stage and represents biological potential of invasiveness and aggressive disease. Results of the present study have to be supported with further studies to reveal clinical and therapeutic implications of RBX-1 overexpression in bladder UCC.