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    Marine algae: A potential resource of anti-HSV molecules
    (MDPI, 2019) Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Lobine, Devina; Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.; Gowrishankar, Shanmugaraj; Tewari, Devesh; Zengin, Gökhan; Kim, Doo Hwan; Sivanesan, Iyyakkannu
    Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) are common human pathogens belonging to the subfamily alpha-herpesvirinae that trigger severe infections in neonates and immunocompromised patients. After primary infection, the HSVs establish a lifelong latent infection in the vegetative neural ganglia of their hosts. HSV infections contribute to substantial disease burden in humans as well as in newborns. Despite a fair number of drugs being available for the treatment of HSV infections, new, effective, and safe antiviral agents, exerting different mechanisms of action, are urgently required, mainly due to the increasing number of resistant strains. Accumulating pieces of evidence have suggested that structurally diverse compounds from marine algae possess promising anti-HSV potentials. Several studies have documented a variety of algal polysaccharides possessing anti-HSV activity, including carrageenan and fucan. This review aimed to compile previous anti-HSV studies on marine algae-derived compounds, especially sulfated polysaccharides, along with their mode of action, toward their development as novel natural anti-HSV agents for future investigations.
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    The role of flavonoids in autoimmune diseases: Therapeutic updates
    (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2019) Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.; Khan, Haroon; Gowrishankar, Shanmugaraj; Lagoa, Ricardo J. L.; Mahomoodally, Fawzi M.; Khan, Ziyad; Suroowan, Shanoo; Tewari, Devesh; Zengin, Gökhan; Hassan, Sherif T.S.; Pandian, Shunmugiah Karutha
    Flavonoids are natural polyphenolic compounds which are included in a panoply of drugs and used to treat and/or manage human ailments such as metabolic, cardiovascular, neurological disorders and cancer. Thus, the purpose of this review is to emphasize the importance of flavonoids for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and put into the limelight of the scientific community several health-promoting effects of flavonoids which could be beneficial for the development of novel drugs from natural products. Despite available reviews on flavonoids targeting various disease conditions, a comprehensive review of flavonoids for autoimmune diseases is still lacking. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to review the potential of flavonoids for autoimmune diseases. The structure-activity relationship of flavonoids in this review revealed that the rearrangement and introduction of other functional groups into the basic skeleton of flavonoids might lead to the development of new drugs which will be helpful in relieving the painful symptoms of various autoimmune diseases. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.