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    Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) fruit: some physical and chemical properties
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2005) Ozcan, M; Haciseferogullari, H; Marakoglu, T; Arslan, D
    The hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) fruits were analysed for some physical (dimensions, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, bulk density, fruit density, volume, terminal velocity, hardness and porosity) and chemical (moisture, crude protein, crude oil, crude energy, crude fiber, ash, pH, acidity, water- and alcohol soluble extract) properties. Mineral content of wild hawthorn growing in Turkey were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). All materials contained high amounts of Ca, K, Mg, Na and P. These values were found as 3046.37 ppm, 13,531.96 ppm, 1502.55 ppm, 312.18 ppm, 1477.88 ppm and 431,307.29ppm, respectively. The mean pulp and seeds weight, length, diameter, mass, volume, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and projected area were measured as 2.16g, 0.87g, 14.39mm, 19.34mm, 3.03g, 3083.3 mm(3), 17.52mm, 1.22 and 4.19 cm(2), respectively. The energy, protein, cellulose, oil, ash, acidity and water-soluble extract values of hawthorn fruits were established as 34.02 kcal/g, 2.48%, 4.67%, 0.87%, 2.28%, 1.98% and 32.31 %, respectively. It is very important to evaluate the physical properties for the design of equipment used for harvesting, transportation, storage and processing of fresh fruits. Also, the information supplied on the chemical properties of the hawthorn fruit can be used in human nutrition. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Proximate composition and technological properties of fresh blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L. subsp dasyphylla (Schur.)) fruits
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2005) Marakoglu, T; Arslan, D; Ozcan, M; Haciseferogullari, H
    In this study, the chemical and physical properties of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa subsp. dasyphlla (Schur.)) fruits growing wild in Konya province were determined. Proximate analysis such as dry matter, crude oil, crude protein, crude fibre, crude energy, ash, water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extract, pH and acid and mineral contents were established in this work. Al, B, Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S were deter-mined as major minerals. Mineral content of blackthorn growing in Turkey were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). All materials contained high amounts of K (18706.98 mg/kg), Ca (1524.22 mg/kg), Mg (968.15 mg/kg), P (1514.1 mg/ kg): S (500025.97 mg/kg), Na (530.11 mg/kg), B (26.99 mg/kg), Al (26.33 mg/kg) and Fe (16.18 mg/kg). Also, technological properties such as length and diameter of fruit, unit mass, volume of fruit, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, bulk density, fruit density, porosity, projected area, terminal velocity, kernel and pulp mass, static and dynamic coefficient of friction were measured at 69.37% moisture content levels. The values of length, mass, diameter, geometric mean diameter and sphericity of blackthorn fruit were established as 12.12 mm, 1.28 g, 12.59 mm, 12.43 mm and 1.03, respectively. At the same moisture content, projected area, volume, bulk density, fruit density, porosity, terminal velocity, fruit hardness, static friction and dynamic friction coefficients were determined as 1.454 cm(2), 1288.5 mm(3), 15.66 g, 598.9 kg/m(3), 1111.43 kg/m(3), 46.38%, 16.14 m/s, 0.28 N, 0.3351-0.3986 and 0.2814-0.3427, respectively. The analytical values revealed nutritional properties and mineral contents of blackthorn fruit. In addition, knowledge of their mineral contents of fruits is of great interest. Also, it is very important to know the technological properties of equipment used harvesting, transportation and processing of fresh plum fruits. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Some nutritional and technological properties of garlic (Allium sativum L.)
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2005) Haciseferogullari, H; Ozcan, M; Demir, F; Calisir, S
    The nutrients and physical properties were measured in developing Allium sativum L. bulbs from Kastamonu (Taskopru) to investigate potential uses. Completely ripe bulbs contained crude protein, crude oil, crude energy, crude fiber, ash, dimethyl sulphite (DMS) and essential oil and minerals including K, P, Mg, Na, Ca, Fe, etc. Crude protein, DMS and essential oil contents were determined as 17.2%, 1779 mu cg/kg and 0.14%, respectively. In addition, K (21,378.84 mg/kg), P (6009.37 mg/kg), Mg (1056.15 mg/kg), Na (532.78 ppm) and Ca (363.61 ppm) were reported such as the major minerals in garlic bulbs. Also, technological properties such as diameter of whole garlic, mass, segment number of whole garlic, length of whole garlic, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, projected area, volume, bulk density, segment density, porosity, terminal velocity and hardness were established. The mean mass, mass weight of 1000 garlic segment, length of segment, diameter of whole garlic, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, projected area, volume, bulk density, porosity and hardness of segments were measured as 32.81 g, 2383.8 g, 27.24 mm, 46.51 mm, 15.15 mm, 0.559,4.54 cm(2), 2245.64 mm(3), 478.75 kg/m(3), 54.16% and 13.78 N, respectively. Also, static and dynamic coefficient of friction for garlic segments were established on a galvanized sheet, an iron sheet and plywood. These values for static and dynamic coefficient were found as 0.416-0.352; 0.472-0.406 and 0.541-0.481, respectively. The physical properties of equipment used must be know for planting, harvesting, transportation, storage and other processing. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Some nutritional and technological properties of wild plum (Prunus spp.) fruits in Turkey
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2005) Calisir, S; Haciseferogullari, H; Ozcan, M; Arslan, D
    Nutritional and technological properties for the design of fruit processing machines were determined for wild plum fruit, at a moisture content of 20.65% (d.b.). The moisture, ash, crude protein, crude oil, crude fibre, pH, acidity, water soluble-extract and mineral contents of completely ripe fruits were investigated. Mineral content of wild plum growing in Turkey were determined by an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). All materials contained high amounts of K (9879.57 mg/kg), Ca (920.82 mg/kg), Mg (916.68 mg/kg), P (659.15 mg/kg), S (122.69 mg/kg), Na (40.46 mg/kg) and Fe (30.1 mg/kg). Also, technological properties such as length and diameter of fruit, unit mass, volume of fruit, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, bulk density, fruit density, porosity, projected area, terminal velocity kernel and pulp mass, static and dynamic coefficient of friction were measured at 20.65% moisture content. The values of length, mass, diameter, geometric mean diameter and sphericity of wild plum fruit were established as 28.14 mm, 15.33 g, 30.16 mm, 29.47 mm and 1.04, respectively. In the same moisture content, projected area, volume, kernel and pulp mass, bulk density, fruit density, porosity, terminal velocity, fruit hardness, static friction and dynamic friction coefficients were determined as 8.96 cm(2), 17.02 cm(3), 1.60 g, 15.66 g, 515.12 kg/m(3), 1057.99 kg/m(3), 50.20%, 16.19 m/s, 7.8 N, 0.449-0.625 and 0.381-0.519, respectively. This work attempts to allocate the knowledge deficit on the nutritional properties of these plants. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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    Some physical and chemical parameters of wild medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) fruit grown in Turkey
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2005) Haciseferogullari, H; Ozcan, M; Sonmete, MH; Ozbek, O
    Physical and chemical parameters of medlar fruit are necessary for the design of equipment to handle, harvest, process, store the product and nutrition values. In this study, the medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) fruit was studied to determine for some physical (dimension, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, bulk density, fruit density, volume, hardness and porosity) and chemical (moisture, crude protein, oil, energy, fibre and ash, pH, acidity, water-soluble extract, alcohol-soluble extract and ether-soluble extracts) properties. Moisture, crude oil, protein, fibre, energy, and ash, acidity, pH, water-soluble extract, alcohol-soluble and ether-soluble were found to be 72.15%, 4.09%, 3.71%, 11.4%, 16.5kcal/g, 1.96%, 0.28%, 4.26, 68.89%, 53.35% and 2.41% (dry basis (except for pH)), respectively. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) determined the mineral content of medlar fruit. Potassium (8052.91 mg/kg) was present in the highest concentration, following S, Ca, B and P. Also, K, S, Ca, B and S were present in higher concentrations, and traces of Cr, Ti and V were also determined. The fruit mass, diameter, volume, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and projected area were measured as 11.98g, 27.68mm, 13.68cm(3), 28.86mm, 0.92, and 9.25cm(2), respectively. The changes in physical and chemical properties of fruits having about the same size were probably due to environmental conditions in conjunction with the analytical methods used. Consequently, the analytical values showed rich nutritional properties and mineral contents of medlar fruits. Also, the mineral content of medlar fruit is of great interest. In addition, knowledge of the physical properties of equipment used in planting, harvesting, transportation, storage and processing of matured medlar fruits is very important. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Some physico-mechanic and chemical properties of capers (Capparis ovata Desf. var. canescens (Coss.) Heywood) flower buds
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2004) Ozcan, M; Haciseferogullari, H; Demir, F
    The physico-mechanic and chemical properties were established in developing Capparis ovata Desf. var. canescens (Coss.) Heywood buds from Konya (Selcuklu) to investigate potential uses. Raw flower buds contained crude ash, crude oil, crude protein, crude fiber, total carotenoid, crude energy, water- and ether-soluble extract, dimethyl sulfite (DMS) and essential oil. In addition, physical properties such as length and diameter of buds, mass of buds, projected area, volume, porosity, bulk density, bud density, thermal velocity, hardness were measured. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    A study on some physico-chemical properties of Turkey okra (Hibiscus esculenta L.) seeds
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2005) Calisir, S; Ozcan, M; Haciseferogullari, H; Yildiz, MU
    Chemical and physical properties of mature okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) seeds from Mersin (Buyukeceli Gulnar) in Turkey were evaluated. The chemical properties evaluated were moisture, crude protein, crude oil, crude ash, crude fiber, crude energy, water-soluble extract, ether-soluble extract and non-soluble HCl acid ash. The physical properties were evaluated at three moisture content levels of 6.35%., 9.87% and 15.22% d.b. In this moisture range, seed length, width, thickness, mass and geometric diameter increased from 5.178 to 5.507 mm, 4.786 to 4.960 mm, 4-121 to 4.362 mm, 0.059 to 0.067 g and 4.665 to 4.913 mm, respectively: the seed porosity volume projected area and terminal velocity increased from 48.92% to 52.08%, 47.38 to 54.68 mm(3) , 0.225 to 0.333 cm(2) and 5.20 to 5.68 ms(-1), respectively: bulk density decreased from 636.10 to 577.99 kg m(-3) : the sphericity decreased from 0.905 to 0.897. The coefficient of static friction on iron and galvanized iron sheets increased with increasiniz moisture content. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.