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    Association of polymorphisms in APOE, p53, and p21 with primary open-angle glaucoma in Turkish patients
    (MOLECULAR VISION, 2009) Saglar, E.; Yucel, D.; Bozkurt, B.; Ozgul, R. K.; Irkec, M.; Ogus, A.
    Purpose: To investigate the association between Apolipoprotein E (APOE), tumor suppressor protein p53 (p53), and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21) genes and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in a cohort of Turkish subjects. Methods: Seventy-five POAG patients (49 women, 26 men) and 119 healthy subjects (67 women, 52 men) were genotyped with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Allele and genotype frequencies between healthy subjects and glaucoma patients were compared by the chi(2) test, and intraocular pressure (IOP), cup/disc ratio (C/D) and visual field indices (MD and PSD) were compared among different APOE, p53, and p21 genotypes in POAG group. A p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean ages were 63.8 +/- 9.5 and 61.8 +/- 10.2 years in POAG and control groups, respectively (p=0.18). There were no significant differences in the distribution of APOE, p53, and p21 genotypes between the healthy subjects and POAG patients (p=0.38, p=0.12, and p=0.2, respectively). There were no significant differences in maximum IOP, MD, and PSD values among different groups of p53 and p21 genotypes (p>0.05). POAG subjects with the epsilon 2 epsilon 3 genotype had a worse PSD value (median=2.2) than those with the epsilon 3 epsilon 4 genotype (median=1.77; p=0.01) and POAG subjects with the epsilon 3 epsilon 3 genotype had worse MD and PSD values (median=-7.4 and 3.4, respectively) than those with the epsilon 3 epsilon 4 genotype (median=-4.1 and 1.77, respectively; p=0.034 and 0.028, respectively). Conclusions: Our study found no link between polymorphisms in APOE, p53, and p21 genes and POAG in Turkish patients, although a larger sample is required to elucidate the role of these polymorphisms in the pathogenesis and course of glaucoma.
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    In Vivo Confocal Microscopic Evaluation of the Inflammatory Response in Non-Epithelial Herpes Simplex Keratitis
    (Informa Healthcare, 2012) Mocan, M. C.; Irkec, M.; Mikropoulos, D. G.; Bozkurt, B.; Orhan, M.; Konstas, A. G. P.
    Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of the inflammatory response detected in corneas with active non-epithelial herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis. Materials and methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study undertaken at a university setting. Twenty-one eyes of 21 patients with a mean age of 40.1 +/- 13.0 years (range: 18-70 years) and whose corneal findings were compatible with active HSV keratitis were included. All patients were evaluated with in vivo confocal microscopy (Confoscan 3, Nidek). Fifty healthy, age-matched subjects served as controls. The features and extent of corneal inflammation, degree of involvement of subbasal nerve plexus and endothelial cell density were evaluated. Results: Seven eyes (33.3%) demonstrated stromal keratitis, six (28.6%) endotheliitis and eight (38.1%) presented with keratouveitis. Intraepithelial inflammatory cell infiltration, consisting of dendritic and small round cells, was observed in 11 eyes (52.4%). Stromal involvement was detected in 95.2% of eyes in the form of focal and diffuse cellular infiltrates; of these, anterior, posterior and pan stromal infiltration was observed in 85.7, 71.4 and 47.6% of cases, respectively. No particular keratic precipitate morphology was found to be diagnostic for HSV keratitis. The mean endothelial cell density of eyes with HSV keratitis (2437 +/- 599 cells/mm(2)) was significantly lower (-18.8%) than that of controls (3003 +/- 250 cells/mm(2)); (p < 0.001). The mean subbasal nerve density of patients with HSV keratitis (474.5 +/- 227.8 mu m/frame) was significantly lower than that of controls (1589.6 +/- 499.0 mu m/frame) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Non-epithelial HSV keratitis related inflammatory response is characterized by cellular infiltration of all corneal layers, attenuation of the subbasal nerve plexus and endothelial cell loss.
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    Serum allergen specific immunoglobulin E levels in patients with allergic conjunctivitis
    (SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2008) Kocabeyoglu, S.; Bozkurt, B.; Bilen, O.; Irkec, M.; Orhan, M.
    PURPOSE. To evaluate serum allergen specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in patients with various types of allergic conjunctivitis. METHODS. Twenty-five patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC), 17 patients with perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC), and 10 patients with vernal conjunctivitis, (VC) were included in the study. Specific IgE levels to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), Dermatophagoides farinae (Df), mixed grass pollens, and animal epithelia were measured using Pharmacia CAP system (Pharmacia Diagnostic AB, Uppsala, Sweden). RESULTS. The percentage of subjects with specific IgE against Dp and,Df was statistically higher in VC (30%) compared to PAC (5.9%) and SAC (0%) (p=0.03). Specific IgE against mixed grass pollens was found in 30% of VC and 40% of SAC, whereas: 10% of VC and 8% of SAC patients were found to be hypersensitive to animal epithelia. CONCLUSIONS. Allergic reaction against house dust mites and pollens was common in VC, whereas specific IgE against grass pollens was remarkable in SAC. IgE levels specific to various antigens might be measured by UNICAP system, which is a rapid and practical technology. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2008; 18: 675-9)