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    Application of simple and low-cost toxicity tests for ecotoxicological assessment of industrial wastewaters
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2015) Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Aydin, Senar; Tongur, Sueheyla; Kara, Gulnihal; Kolb, Marit; Bahadir, Muefit
    The objective of this study was to identify and to apply appropriate biotests having the advantages of being highly sensitive, easy to run, relatively inexpensive and able to substitute fish toxicity tests due to ethical reasons of animal welfare. To perform an ecotoxicological assessment of industrial wastewaters, different microbiotests were conducted to substitute the fish toxicity test with Lebistes reticulatus through Vibrio fischeri, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphnia magna, Lemna minor and Lepidium sativum representing different trophic levels in the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Also, Algaltox F-TM with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Protox F-TM with Tetrahymena thermophila tests were carried out. However, they could not be applied successfully for the wastewater samples. Wastewater samples from seven different industrial zones comprising different industries were subjected to characterization through measuring their physical-chemical parameters and their toxicity versus the above-mentioned organisms. T. platyurus, D. magna and L. reticulatus were the most sensitive test organisms investigated for the wastewaters. Considering toxic unit values, generally wastewater samples were toxic according to Thamnotox F-TM, Daphtox F-TM and fish toxicity tests. As an important outcome, it was concluded that Daphtox F-TM and Thamnotox F-TM could be a good alternative for the fish toxicity test, which is so far the sole toxicity test accepted by the Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation.
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    FACTORS INFLUENCING FORMATION OF DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS IN SIX DRINKING WATER RESERVOIRS (KONYA, TURKEY)
    (PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P), 2011) Kara, Gulnihal; Tongur, Suheyla; Aydin, Mehmet Emin
    This study examined spatial and seasonal variation of total organic carbon (TOC), pH, free residual chlorine, temperature and bromide which possibly affect the formation of of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in six drinking water reservoirs of Konya, Turkey, during the period 2004-2007. This study also examined DBP formation via chlorination of the water samples from these reservoirs. The average TOC in the reservoirs was 9.22 mg/L, pH was 8.3, temperature was 15.25 degrees C, bromide was 0.13 mg/L, and free residual chlorine was 0.16 ppm. In drinking water reservoirs, the total DBP concentration increased slightly with increasing pH. A low but significant relationship (r = 0.2, p <0.01) occurred between total DBPs and free residual chlorine. A high and significant relationship (r= 0.63, p < 0.01) occurred between total DBP concentration and total organic carbon. The extent of bromide incorporation into DBPs increased with increasing bromide ion level.
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    Risk Assessment of 26 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Compounds in Parkng Garages
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2015) Kara, Gulnihal; Aydin, Mehmet Emin
    The aim of this study was to determine the level of 26polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at parking garages and to provide the necessary annual information based on occupational inhalation exposure and non-occupational inhalation exposure, which carry risks for the environment. For this purpose, 22samples were collected continuously from both gas and particulates phase PAHs from two parking garages at Konya City Center, Turkey. The exposure-based risk of these samples was evaluated using concentrations of the carcinogenic PAH compounds. None of the 26PAHs measured had values exceeding the recommended exposure limits (RELs) standard values for inhalation rate recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Exposure levels of gas and particulate PAHs for the occupational group and the public (children and adults who spend time in shopping centers) were found to be 0.07-28.24gm(-3) and 0.05-5.753gm(-3), respectively, representing levels two to four times higher than those at the control site. Maximum daily inhalation of B[a]Py was estimated at 1.33ngd(-1) for exposure of the public and as 274 ngd(-1) for the occupational group. It is believed that traffic makes a substantial contribution to the PAH profile, which had relatively high concentrations of naphthalene (Napth) and coronene (Coro). Highly carcinogenic dibenzo(a,l)pyrene (B[al]Pyre) was found in the ambient air at two parking garages. Napth and phenanthrene (Phen) were the main compounds found in nearly all the tested samples. In this study, benzo[e]pyrene (B[e]Py) was used as a reference for PAHs because its concentration is stable and does not change seasonally. Considering the importance of these compounds in relation to human health, the aim of this work was to characterize and quantify the more toxic PAHs in parking garages. Conducting PAH sampling and their chemical analysis is very costly and labor intensive. This study produced data that can be a powerful tool for environmental forensics.
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    TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF LANDFILL LEACHATES WITH A BATTERY OF BIOASSAYS
    (PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P), 2015) Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Aydin, Senar; Bahadir, Muefit; Kolb, Marit; Tongur, Suheyla; Kara, Gulnihal
    In this study, the toxicity of the leachate from the municipal landfill was evaluated and assigned to its chemical composition. Leachate samples were collected considering different seasons and assessed for their toxicity by using Thamnotox with Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphtox with Daphnia magna, Vibrio fischeri, Lemna minor, and Lepidium sativum. Leachate samples were also characterized measuring their physical and chemical parameters. Relationships between the chemical composition and the toxicity of leachate samples were established. EC50, values for Thamnotox, Lemna minor, and Lepidium sativum were negatively correlated with the COD content. There were significant correlations between the TOC with EC50 values of Vibrio fischeri and Lemna minor tests. Vibrio fischeri wasthe most sensitive test organism investigated for the landfill leachate. Considering toxic unit values, leachate samples were highly to very highly acute toxic, according to all the tests carried out.