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Öğe Activity of essential oils and individual components against acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase(WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH, 2008) Orhan, Ilkay; Kartal, Murat; Kan, Yueksel; Sener, BilgeWe have tested acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities of nineteen essential oils obtained from cultivated plants, namely one from Anethum graveolens L. (organic fertilizer), two from Foeniculum vulgare Mill. collected at fully-mature and flowering stages (organic fertilizer), two from Melissa officinalis L. (cultivated using organic and chemical fertilizers), two from Mentha piperia L. and M. spicata L. (organic fertilizer), two from Lavandula officinalis Chaix ex Villars (Cultivated using organic and chemical fertilizers), two from Ocimum basilicum L. (green and purple-leaf varieties cultivated using only organic fertilizer), four from Origanum onites L., O. vulgare L., O. munitiflorum Hausskn., and O. majorana L. (cultivated using organic fertilizer), two from Salvia sclarea L. (organic and chemical fertilizers), one from S officinalis L. (organic fertilizer), and one from Satureja cuneifolia Ten. (organic fertilizer) by a spectrophotometric 1 mg/ml concentration. In addition, a method of Ellman using ELISA microplate-reader at 1 mg/ml number of single components widely encountered in most of the essential oils [gamma-terpinene, 4-allyl anisole, (-)-carvone, dihydrocarvone. (-)-phencone, cuminyl alcohol, cumol, 4-isopropyl benzaldehyde, trans-anethole, camphene, iso-borneol, (-)-borne0l, L-bornyl acetate. 2-decanol, 2-heptanol, methyl-heptanol, farnesol, nerol, iso-pulegol, 1,8-cineole, citral, citronellal, citronellol, geraniol, linalool, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, piperitone, iso-menthone. menthofurane, linalyl oxide, linalyl ester, geranyl ester, carvacrol, thymol, menthol, vanilline, and eugenol] was also screened for the same activity in the same manner. Almost all of the essential oils showed a very high inhibitory activity (over 80%) against both enzymes, whereas the single components were not as active as the essential oils.Öğe Antimicrobial and antiviral eff ects of essential oils from selected Umbelliferae and Labiatae plants and individual essential oil components(2012) Erdoğan, İlkay Orhan; Özçelik, Berrin; Kartal, Murat; Kan, YükselAnethum graveolens, tam-olgun ve çiçeklenme dönemlerinde toplanan Foeniculum vulgare, Mentha piperita ve M. spicata, Lavandula officinalis, Ocimum basilicum (yeşil ve mor-yapraklı varyeteler), Origanum onites, O. vulgare, O. munitiflorum ve O. majorana, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis ve Satureja cuneifolia’dan elde edilen uçucu yağlar ve yanı sıra uçucu yağlarda sıklıkla rastlanan bileşenler (?-terpinen, 4-allilanisol, (-)-karvon, dihidrokarvon, D-limonen, (-)-fenkon, kuminil alkol, kuminil aldehit, kuminol, trans-anetol, kamfen, izoborneol, (-)-borneol, L-bornil asetat, 2-dekanol, 2-heptanol, metilheptan, farnesol, nerol, izopulegol, sitral, sitronellal, sitronellol, geraniol, geranil ester, linalol, linalil oksit, linalil ester, ?-pinen, ?-pinen, piperiton, (-)-mentol, izomenton, karvakrol, timol, vanilin ve öjenol) Herpes simplex tip-1 (HSV-1) ve parainfl uenza tip-3’e (PI-3) karşı antiviral aktiviteleri için taranmıştır. Sitotoksisite, sitopatojenik etki olarak ifade edilmiştir. Yağların ve bileşiklerin çoğu, 0,8-0,025 ?g mL {-1} arasında değişmek üzere, HSV-1’e karşı yüksek antiviral aktivite göstermiştir. Ancak, test edilen örnekler 1,6-0,2 ?g mL {-1} arasında değişen oranda PI-3’e karşı daha az etkilidirler. A. graveolens uçucu yağı en aktiftir. Yağların çoğu iyi antibakteriyel ve antifungal aktivite göstermişlerdir.Öğe Antimicrobial and antiviral effects of essential oils from selected Umbelliferae and Labiatae plants and individual essential oil components(TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2012) Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan; Ozcelik, Berrin; Kartal, Murat; Kan, YukselThe essential oils obtained from Anethum graveolens, Foeniculum vulgare collected at fully-mature and flowering stages, Mentha piperita, Mentha spicata, Lavandula officinalis, Ocimum basilicum (green- and purple-leaf varieties), Origanum onites, O. vulgare, O. munitiflorum, O. majorana, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, and Satureja cuneifolia, as well as the widely encountered components in essential oils (gamma-terpinene, 4-allylanisole, (-)-carvone, dihydrocarvone, D-limonene, (-)-phencone, cuminyl alcohol, cuminyl aldehyde, cuminol, trans-anethole, camphene, isoborneol, (-)-borneol, L-bornyl acetate, 2-decanol, 2-heptanol, methylheptane, farnesol, nerol, isopulegol, citral, citronellal, citronellol, geraniol, geranyl ester, linalool, linalyl oxide, linalyl ester, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, piperitone, (-)-menthol, isomenthone, carvacrol, thymol, vanillin, and eugenol), were screened for their antiviral activity against Herpes simplex type-1 (HSV-1) and parainfluenza type-3 (PI-3). Cytotoxicity was expressed as cytopathogenic effect. Most of the oils and compounds displayed strong antiviral effects against HSV-1, ranging between 0.8 and 0.025 mu g mL(-1). However, the samples tested were less effective against PI-3, with results ranging between 1.6 and 0.2 mu g mL(-1). The essential oil of A. graveolens was the-most active. Most of the tested oils and compounds exhibited good antibacterial and antifungal effects.Öğe Antioxidant and anticholinesterase evaluation of selected Turkish Salvia species(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2007) Orhan, Ilkay; Kartal, Murat; Naz, Qamar; Ejaz, Asma; Yilmaz, Gulderen; Kan, Yuksel; Konuklugil, BelmaSince Salvia species (Lamiaceae) have been recorded to be used against memory loss in European folk medicine, we herein examined in vitro anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of 56 extracts prepared with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol obtained from 14 Salvia species (Salvia albimaculata Hedge and Hub, Salvia aucheri Bentham var. canescens Boiss and Heldr, Salvia candidissima Vahl. ssp. occidentalis, Salvia ceratophylla L., Salvia cryptantha Montbret and Bentham, Salvia cyanescens Boiss and Bal., Salvia frigida Boiss, Salvia forskahlei L., Salvia halophilaHedge, Salvia migrostegia Boiss and Bal., Salvia multicaulis Vahl., Salvia sclarea L., Salvia syriaca L., Salvia verticillata L. ssp. amasiaca) growing in Turkey. The antioxidant activities were assessed by both chemical and enzymatic methods against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging and xanthine/xanthine oxidase (XO) system generated superoxide anion radical inhibition. Anticholinesterase effect of the extracts was tested against both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) at concentrations of 0.2 and 1 mg/ml using a microplate-reader assay based on the Ellman method. Most of the extracts did not show any activity against AChE at 0.2 mg/ml, while the chloroform extracts had noticeable inhibition against BChE between 47.7% and 74.7%. The most active extracts at I mg/ml for AChE inhibition were observed to be petroleum ether extract of Salvia albimaculata (89.4%) and chloroform extract of Salvia cyanescens (80.2%), whereas ethyl acetate extracts of Salvia frigida and Salvia migrostegia, chloroform extracts of Salvia candidissima ssp. occidentalis and Salvia ceratophylla, as well as petroleum ether extract of Salvia cyanescens were found to inhibit potently BChE (92.2%, 89.6%, 91.1%, 91.3%, and 91.8%, respectively). Particularly, the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were observed to be highly active against both DPPH and XO. Our data indicates that nonpolar extracts of Salvia species for anticholinesterase activity and the polar extracts for antioxidant activity are worth further phytochemical evaluation for identifying their active components. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Atomic absorption spectrometric analysis of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds cultivated in Turkey(2005) Kan, Yüksel; Kan, Asuman; Ceyhan, Timurhan; Sayar, Esin; Kartal, Murat; Altun, Levent; Aslan, SinemTrigonella foenum-graecum L. (Çemen) bitkisi Türkiye'de yaygın olarak yetişen iyi bilinen bir Leguminosae familyası bitkisidir ve bin yıldır baharat olarak, Çemen hazırlamada ve halk ilacı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Tohumların besleyici özelliklerinin olduğu ve sindirimi kolaylaştırdığı rapor edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, farklı şartlarda kültüre alınmış Trigonella foenum- graecum bitkisinin tohumlarında bazı önemli mineraller (Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) Atomik Absorbsiyon Spektrometriyöntemi ile ölçülmüştür.Öğe Estimation of in vitro neuroprotective properties and quantification of rutin and fatty acids in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) cultivated in Turkey(ELSEVIER, 2012) Gulpinar, Ali Rifat; Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan; Kan, Asuman; Senol, Fatma Sezer; Celik, Sadiye Ayse; Kartal, MuratBuckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae) is a popular food crop plant from Polygonaceae. In this study, we investigated the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of the seed, stem, and aerial parts of the plant for their neuroprotective effect through acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity was measured using the scavenging activity tests against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine (DMPD), superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide radicals and the metal-related methods; metal-chelating capacity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and phosphomolibdenum-reducing antioxidant power (PRAP) assays. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were calculated spectrophotometrically. Chemical composition of the seed oil was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and rutin was quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The extracts were more active against butyrylcholinesterase and highly able to scavenge DPPH. The ethyl acetate extract of the aerial parts and the ethanol extract of the stems displayed a remarkable effect in the FRAP assay. None of the extracts had capacity to chelate the iron. According to LC-MS analysis, the richest plant part in terms of rutin was found to be the aerial parts. GC-MS analysis revealed that the seed oil was dominated by oleic (33.15%), linoleic (31.93%), and palmitic (13.15%) acids. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Evaluation of Cholinesterase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities of Wild and Cultivated Samples of Sage (Salvia fruticosa) by Activity-Guided Fractionation(MARY ANN LIEBERT INC, 2011) Senol, Fatma Sezer; Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan; Erdem, Sinem Aslan; Kartal, Murat; Sener, Bilge; Kan, Yuksel; Celep, FerhatIn European folk medicine, Salvia species have traditionally been used to enhance memory. In our previous study of 55 Salvia taxa, we explored significant anticholinesterase activity of cultivated S. fruticosa. In this study, we compared the inhibitory activity of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts of 3 wild-grown samples and 1 cultivated sample of S. fruticosa against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes (which are associated with pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease) by using the spectrophotometric Ellman method. Antioxidant activities were assessed by determining 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity, iron-chelating capacity, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. The dichloromethane extract of the cultivated sample was then subjected to fractionation by using open column chromatography and medium-pressure liquid chromatography to obtain the most active fraction by activity-guided fractionation. All fractions and subfractions were tested in the same manner, and inactive subfractions were discarded. The essential oil of the cultivated sample was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Öğe Fatty Acid Profile and Antimicrobial Effect of the Seed Oils of Urtica Dioica and U. Pilulifera(2009) Kan, Yüksel; Orhan, İlkay; Koca, Ufuk; Özçelik, Berrin; Aslan, Sinem; Kartal, Murat; Küsmenoğlu, ŞenayIn present study, our goal was to investigate the fatty acid composition of the seed oils obtained from Urtica dioica and U. pilulifera cultivated in Turkey by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Linoleic acid was found to be the main fatty acid (44.29 % for U. dioica and 62.99 % for U. pilulifera), followed by oleic acid (34.93 % for U. dioica and 21.91 % for U. pilulifera). Trace amount of linolenic acid (0.55 %) was analyzed only in U. pilulifera. These two oils were also tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterococcus faecalis for their antibacterial activity along with Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis for their antifungal activity by microdilution method.Öğe GC-MS analysis and antibacterial activity of cultivated Satureja cuneifolia Ten. essential oil(SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY-TUBITAK, 2006) Kan, Yüksel; Uçan, Uçkun Sait; Kartal, Murat; Altun, M. Levent; Aslan, Sinem; Sayar, Esin; Ceyhan, TimurhanThe composition of the essential oil of Satureja cuneifolia Ten. cultivated in Konya, Turkey, was investigated by capillary GC-MS. The compounds were characterized by comparison with library searches. Six main compounds were identified. Carvacrol was the dominant component, comprising 59.28% of the essential oil. The oil also contained 15.72% thymol, 9.69% p-cymene, 4.16% gamma-terpinene, 1.70% linalool and 1.25% borneol. The antibacterial activity of the essential oil of S. cuneifolia and its components was determined by a semiquantative disc-diffusion method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC) was determined based on a micro-well dilution method against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Sarcina lutea, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus.Öğe In vitro antiviral activities under cytotoxic doses against herpes simples type-1 and parainfluensa-3 viruses of Cicer arietinum L. (Chickpea)(ACADEMIC JOURNALS, 2009) Kan, Asuman; Ozcelik, Berrin; Kartal, MuratThe objective of this study was to evaluation antiviral activities of the extracts from the seed, fruit skin and aerial parts of ten registered varieties Cicer arietinum (Chickpea) against Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) and Parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) viruses. Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney and Vero cell lines were employed for antiviral assessment of the Cicer arientinum L. extracts, in which acyclovir for HSV-1 and oseltamivir for PI-3 were tested as reference drugs. This is the first report showing that C. arietinum seed extracts of Cse-5 possesses significant antiviral activity both of DNA (32 - 4 mu g ml(-1)) and RNA (32 16 mu g ml(-1)) viruses compared to the fruit skin and aerial part extracts as well as the controls. Besides, the extracts of fruit skin (Cfs-4) and aerial parts (Cap-5) showed remarkable activity against DNA viruses at 32 - 1 mu g ml-(1).Öğe Inhibitory Effects of Various Essential Oils and Individual Components against Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Their Chemical Compositions(WILEY, 2011) Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan; Ozcelik, Berrin; Kan, Yuksel; Kartal, MuratIn the current study, in vitro inhibitory activity of several essential oils obtained from the cultivated plants, Foeniculum vulgare, Mentha piperita and M. spicata, Ocimum basilicum, Origanum majorana, O. onites, O. vulgare, Satureja cuneifolia, and a number of individual essential oil components of terpene and aromatic types were screened against 10 isolated strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzyme, which makes this microorganism quite resistant against the antibiotics: trimetoprime-sulfametoksazol, sulbactam-ampicilin, clavulonate-amoxicilin, ceftriaxon, cefepime, imipenem, ceftazidime, tobramicine, gentamisine, ofloxacin, and ciprofloksasin. All of the essential oils and the components exerted a remarkable inhibition ranging between 32 and 64 mu g/mL against all of these strains as strong as the references (ampicilin and oflaxocin) inhibiting at 32 mu g/mL. Besides, chemical compositions of the essential oils were elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oils and the pure components widely found in essential oils screened herein have shown remarkable inhibition against ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae strains, which leads to the suggestion that they may be used as food preservatives for this purpose.Öğe LC-MS quantification of parthenolide and cholinesterase inhibitory potential of selected Tanacetum L. (Emend. Briq.) taxa(ELSEVIER, 2015) Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan; Tosun, Fatma; Gulpinar, Ali Rifat; Kartal, Murat; Duran, Ahmet; Mihoglugil, Feyyaz; Akalgan, DemetThe acetonitrile extracts of various Tanacetum L. (Emend. Briq.) taxa from Turkey as well as parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone found in Tanacetum species as active substance were investigated for their inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), the key enzymes in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, at 100 mu g mL(-1) using ELISA microplate assay. Most of the extracts displayed a remarkable AChE inhibition where the leaf of Tanacetum argenteum subsp. flabellifolium had the highest inhibition (96.68 +/- 0.35%). The extracts had moderate inhibition toward BChE, among which the stem of Tanacetum argyrophyllum var. argyrophyllum-1 exerted the best inhibition (63.81 +/- 3.64%). However, parthenolide exhibited low inhibition against both of the enzymes. Total flavonoid content of the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically. Parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, was quantified in these taxa by LC-MS and the leaf of T. argenteum subsp. argenteum possessed the richest parthenolide amount (2.261 +/- 0.002%), while most of the species screened were found to contain the required percentage (0.2% minimum) by European Pharmacopeia. (C) 2014 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
