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    Activity of Essential Oils and Individual Components against Acetyl-and Butyrylcholinesterase
    (2008) Orhan I.; Şener B.; Kartal M.; Kan Y.
    We have tested acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities of nineteen essential oils obtained from cultivated plants, namely one from Anethum graveolens L. (organic fertilizer), two from Foeniculum vulgare Mill. collected at fully-mature and flowering stages (organic fertilizer), two from Melissa officinalis L. (cultivated using organic and chemical fertilizers), two from Mentha piperita L. and M. spicata L. (organic fertilizer), two from Lavandula officinalis Chaix ex Villars (cultivated using organic and chemical fertilizers), two from Ocimum basilicum L. (green and purple-leaf varieties cultivated using only organic fertilizer), four from Origanum onites L., O. vulgare L., O. munitiflorum Hausskn., and O. majorana L. (cultivated using organic fertilizer), two from Salvia sclarea L. (organic and chemical fertilizers), one from S. officinalis L. (organic fertil-izer), and one from Satureja cuneifolia Ten. (organic fertilizer) by a spectrophotometric method of Ellman using ELISA microplate-reader at 1 mg/ml concentration. In addition, a number of single components widely encountered in most of the essential oils [y-terpinene, 4-allyl anisole, (-)-carvone, dihydrocarvone, (-)-phencone, cuminyl alcohol, cumol, 4-isopro-pyl benzaldehyde, trans-anethole, camphene, iso-borneol, (-)-borneol, L-bornyl acetate, 2-decanol, 2-heptanol, methyl-heptanol, farnesol, nerol, iso-pulegol, 1,8-cineole, citral, citronel-lal, citronellol, geraniol, linalool, ?-pinene, ?-pinene, piperitone, iso-menthone, menthofu-rane, linalyl oxide, linalyl ester, geranyl ester, carvacrol, thymol, menthol, vanilline, and eu-genol] was also screened for the same activity in the same manner. Almost all of the essential oils showed a very high inhibitory activity (over 80%) against both enzymes, whereas the single components were not as active as the essential oils. © 2008, Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. All rights reserved.
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    Composition of essential oil of Cuminum cyminum L. according to harvesting times
    (2007) Kan Y.; Kartal M.; Özek T.; Aslan S.; Başer K.H.C.
    The cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is an annual plant of Apiaceae. It is generally used as a food additive for increasing the flavour of different food preparations. The fruits (often called seed )are rich in essential oil with the main constituents at different harvesting time being cumin aldehyde (19.9-23.6%), p-mentha-1,3-dien-7-al (11.4-17.5 %) and p-mentha-1,4-dien-7-al (13.9-16.9). The results of GC and GC/MS analysis showed that the fruits should be harvested at the ripe stage for ideal volatile oil yield and composition. The effect of different harvesting times on the yield and ratio of main components of the essential oil are evaluated.
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    Composition of essential oil of fennel fruits cultivated at different conditions [Farkli koşullarda yeti?sti?ri?len rezene meyveleri?ni?n uçucu ya? bi?lesenleri?]
    (2006) Kan Y.; Kartal M.; Aslan S.; Yildirim N.
    The fennel (Foenicilum vulgare Miller subsp. vulgare var. dulce (Miller) is an annual plant of Apiaceae. It is widely used as flavouring agent in foodstuffs. It also is used commonly a as stimulation of gastrointestinal in folk medicine. The fruits are rich in essential oil and the main constituents at different cultivated conditions were found to be trans-anethole 60.6-87.0 %, anisaldehyde 6.1-21.3 %, estragole 3.2-11.7%, ?-fenchone 0.7-3.2 %, limonene 0.3-2.5 %, carvone 0.3-1.0 % and cis-anetol 0.2-0.9 %. The results of GC and GC/MS analysis showed that the fruits should be cultivated at nitrogenous conditions for volatile oil yield and composition. The effect of different fertilizers and doses on the yield and ratio of main components of the volatile oil are evaluated.