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Öğe Ancient DNA from 8400 Year-Old Catalhoyuk Wheat: Implications for the Origin of Neolithic Agriculture(PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2016) Bilgic, Hatice; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Pandey, Anamika; Khan, Mohd Kamran; Akkaya, Mahinur S.Human history was transformed with the advent of agriculture in the Fertile Crescent with wheat as one of the founding crops. Although the Fertile Crescent is renowned as the center of wheat domestication, archaeological studies have shown the crucial involvement of Catalhoyuk in this process. This site first gained attention during the 1961-65 excavations due to the recovery of primitive hexaploid wheat. However, despite the seeds being well preserved, a detailed archaeobotanical description of the samples is missing. In this article, we report on the DNA isolation, amplification and sequencing of ancient DNA of charred wheat grains from Catalhoyuk and other Turkish archaeological sites and the comparison of these wheat grains with contemporary wheat species including T. monococcum, T. dicoccum, T. dicoccoides, T. durum and T. aestivum at HMW glutenin protein loci. These ancient samples represent the oldest wheat sample sequenced to date and the first ancient wheat sample from the Middle East. Remarkably, the sequence analysis of the short DNA fragments preserved in seeds that are approximately 8400 years old showed that the Catalhoyuk wheat stock contained hexaploid wheat, which is similar to contemporary hexaploid wheat species including both naked (T. aestivum) and hulled (T. spelta) wheat. This suggests an early transitory state of hexaploid wheat agriculture from the Fertile Crescent towards Europe spanning present-day Turkey.Öğe Assessment of genetic variability for grain nutrients from diverse regions: potential for wheat improvement(SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, 2016) Pandey, Anamika; Khan, Mohd Kamran; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Thomas, George; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Gezgin, Sait; Gizlenci, OzgeBackground: A total of 150 bread wheat genotypes representing 121 Indian and 29 Turkish origin were screened for nutrient concentrations and grain protein content. Elemental and grain protein composition were studied by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer and LECO analyser, respectively. The study was performed to determine the variability in nutrient concentrations present in the collected wheat genetic material from two countries. Results: Several fold variations among genotypes existed for almost all the elements. Three major components of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed 60.8% variation among the genotypes. Nutrient variables segregated into two groups, one group containing all the macroelements except sulphur; and another cluster containing proteins and all the microelements except Zn and Mn. Pearson correlation analysis and heat-map were in accordance with each other determining strong positive association between P-K, Mn-Zn, Mg-S and Cu-protein content. Also, PCA and hierarchical grouping divided all the Indian and Turkish genotypes in two main clusters. Conclusions: Nutritional profile differentiated the genotypes from two countries into separate groups. However, some of the varieties were closely associated and indicated the success of global wheat exchange programs. While most of the correlations were in agreement with the previous studies, non-association of zinc with grain protein content directed towards its control by some other genetic factors. Some of the experimental wheat varieties with promising nutrient content have been suggested for future wheat advancement programs. Results obtained will be supportive for breeders involved in wheat biofortification programs, food industries and people relying on whole grain wheat products.Öğe Boron deficiency responses on nutrients composition in brachypodium distachyon, a model for wheat(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2017) Pandey, Anamika; Khan, Mohd Kamran; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Gezgin, Sait; Hakki, Erdogan Esref[Abstract not Available]Öğe Determination of reliable house keeping gene(s) for qPCR in maize under different boron dosages(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2014) Can, Hasan; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Demiral, Tijen; Pandey, Anamika; Khan, Mohd Kamran; Kayis, Seyit Ali; Avsaroglu, Zuhal Zeynep[Abstract not Available]Öğe Distinct Subgroups of Cicer echinospermum Are Associated with Hybrid Sterility and Breakdown in Interspecific Crosses with Cultivated Chickpea(CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER, 2017) Kahraman, Abdullah; Pandey, Anamika; Khan, Mohd Kamran; Lindsay, Donna; Moenga, Susan; Vance, Lisa; Bergmann, EmilyCrop wild relatives are a reservoir of phenotypic variation not present in the germplasm of cultivated species and thus have great potential for crop improvement. However, issues of genetic compatibility often interfere with effective utilization of crop wild relative taxa. Among chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) crop wild relatives, Cicer echinospermum P.H. Davis is the sole species in the secondary genepool, being partially compatible with the primary genepool that is composed of the cultigen and its progenitor wild species Cicer reticulatum Ladizinksy. We report results from genetic studies among interspecific hybrids between cultivated chickpea and accessions from six recently identified wild C. echinospermum sites in southeastern Turkey, encompassing the known genetic diversity of the secondary genepool. Our studies indicate that both hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown occur and are associated with distinct subgroups of C. echinospermum. Analysis of early-generation progenies suggests that both hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown are conditioned by one to few genetic loci. These results clarify ambiguity in the nature of the hybridization barriers of reduced fertility in interspecific crossing of cultivated chickpea with C. echinospermum and should foster a more systematic and wider use of C. echinospermum for base broadening of cultivated chickpea.Öğe Estimation of Indian and Turkish Hexaploid Wheat Population Structure Employing Molecular Markers(UNIV AGR SCI & VETERINARY MED CLUJ-NAPOCA, 2015) Pandey, Anamika; Khan, Mohd Kamran; Thomas, George; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Kayis, Seyit Ali; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Gezgin, SaitBread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most commonly grown crop due to its adaptation in a wide range of ecogeographical conditions and providing enhanced food assurance to the modern world. A diverse and rich collection is the foundation of each successful wheat improvement program. Therefore, major efforts are in progress worldwide to boost wheat production by broadening genetic diversity. Accepting this issue as a target, present study gives an overview of the major progress in the diversity and population evaluation of Indian and Turkish hexaploid wheat employing ISSR and RAPD primers. Various statistical analyses were employed for determining the hexaploid wheat population structure of India and Turkey. Results of dendrogram, scatterplots, Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) and population structure analysis were found in accordance with each other. All the experimental genotypes were clustered in two main groups, one group containing Indian varieties and another group containing both Indian and Turkish varieties reflecting the direct or indirect interbreeding among the populations of the two countries. Utilizing the genetic association of Indian and Turkish hexaploid wheat population, based on genetic distance estimated in the study, researchers worldwide may include Indian and Turkish hexaploid varieties in the wheat improvement programs and can evade the likelihood of selected germplasm becoming hereditarily consistent.Öğe From RFLP to DArT: molecular tools for wheat (Triticum spp.) diversity analysis(SPRINGER, 2014) Khan, Mohd Kamran; Pandey, Anamika; Choudhary, Saumya; Hakki, Erdogan E.; Akkaya, Mahinur S.; Thomas, GeorgeWheat (Triticum spp.) is a universally lucrative agricultural crop. An increase in wheat production has been shown through selection by the farmers which can increase the grain profitability. The determination of genetic associations among domestic cultivars is facilitated by molecular markers. Data on genetic polymorphism is valuable for the germplasm association and regarding the developing management strategies. The information would be supportive for potential genome mapping programs and for the relevance of intellectual property rights of wheat breeders. Present review is an effort for providing support information to wheat breeders to develop varieties with varied genetic environment to attain continuity in large-scale wheat production. In this review, we have tried to provide a collective depiction of relevant information about the usage of some commonly used markers in wheat. It may help researchers to find out the frequentness and application of different markers and compare their results. The manuscript may serve as a platform helping the intellectuals for the selection and modification of their marker system in wheat diversity analysis. The heart of this review is the emphasis on the performance of various molecular genetic markers in diversity studies in relation to definite approaches that are in practice since several years allied with the multifaceted wheat molecular breeding and its polyploid nature.Öğe Genetic diversity and population structure of watermelon (Citrullus sp.) genotypes(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2019) Pandey, Anamika; Khan, Mohd Kamran; Isik, Rabia; Turkmen, Onder; Acar, Ramazan; Seymen, Musa; Hakki, Erdogan E.Genetic polymorphism amid plant species is a crucial factor for plant improvement and maintaining their biodiversity. Evaluation of genetic diversity amongst plant species is significant to deal with the environmental stress conditions and their effective involvement in the breeding programs. Hence, in present study, an attempt has been made towards the genetic assessment of individual and bulked populations of 25 watermelon genotypes, belonging to Citroides (citron watermelon) and Lanatus (dessert watermelon) group from Konya, Thrace, Turkmenistan, Saudi Arabia and Turkey. The employed Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter-Simple Sequence Polymorphism (ISSR) marker systems provided 69.4 and 95.4% polymorphisms, respectively. Different clustering methods showed clear grouping of the genotypes based on the geographical origin and species. Citron genotypes from Turkmenistan stood apart from all the Turkish Lanatus genotypes. However, Saudi Arab Lanatus genotype grouped with native Turkish varieties indicating the genetic linkage. Among all the Turkmenistan Citron genotypes, Turkmenistan-11 was the most distinct form. Moreover, sufficient genetic variation was found between the commercial and native Lanatus genotypes of Turkey as well as Citron genotypes of Turkmenistan. Hence, it will be beneficial to include these genotypes in the future breeding programs to transfer disease-resistant alleles from Citron to Lanatus genotypes.Öğe Genetic diversity and population structure of wheat in India and Turkey(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2015) Khan, Mohd Kamran; Pandey, Anamika; Thomas, George; Akkaya, Mahinur S.; Kayis, Seyit Ali; Ozsensoy, Yusuf; Hamurcu, MehmetGenetic diversity among plant species offers prospects for improving the plant characteristics. Its assessment is necessary to help tackle the threats of environmental fluctuations and for the effective exploitation of genetic resources in breeding programmes. Although wheat is one of the most thoroughly studied crops in terms of genetic polymorphism studies, phylogenetic affinities of Indian and Turkish Triticum species have not been assessed to date. In this study, genetic association of 95 tetraploid and hexaploid wheat genotypes originating from India and Turkey was determined for the first time. Combined analysis of random amplified polymorphic DNA and inter-simple sequence repeat markers disclosed 177 polymorphic bands, and both the dendrogram and two-dimensional scatterplot showed similar groupings of the wheat genotypes. Turkish hexaploid varieties were basically divided into two clusters, one group showed its close association with Indian hexaploid varieties and the other with Indian tetraploid varieties. Analysis of molecular variance revealed high (77 %) genetic variation within Indian and Turkish populations. Population structure analysis elucidated distinct clustering of wheat genotypes on the basis of both geographical origin and ploidy. The results revealed in this study will support worldwide wheat breeding programmes and assist in achieving the target of sustainable wheat production.Öğe Introgression of salt tolerance genes in Turkish wheat genotypes using marker-assisted backcross breeding(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2018) Khan, Mohd Kamran; Pandey, Anamika; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Gezgin, Sait; Topal, Ali; Tamkoç, Ahmet; Akgün, Necdet[Abstract not Available]Öğe Nutritional diversity assessment in chickpea- a prospect for nutrient deprived world(2017) Kahraman, Abdullah; Pandey, Anamika; Khan, Mohd KamranGelişmekte olan ülkelerde, tane baklagiller açlık ve yetersiz beslenmeyi giderme konusunda tahıllarla yan yana yer almaktadır. Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) besleyici değeri yüksek bir baklagil bitkisi olup insan vücudu için yeterli miktarda protein, besin elementleri ve temel amino asitleri sağlamaktadır. Bu kısa derlemenin amacı, biyofortifikasyonu güçlendirmek için nohut bitkisinde biyofortifikasyonun yararları ve besinsel çeşitlilik konusunda günümüze kadar yapılan çalışmaları değerlendirmede genel bir bakış açısı sağlamaktırÖğe Pod Shattering: A Homologous Series of Variation Underlying Domestication and an Avenue for Crop Improvement(MDPI, 2018) Ogutcen, Ezgi; Pandey, Anamika; Khan, Mohd Kamran; Marques, Edward; Penmetsa, R. Varma; Kahraman, Abdullah; von Wettberg, Eric J. B.In wild habitats, fruit dehiscence is a critical strategy for seed dispersal; however, in cultivated crops it is one of the major sources of yield loss. Therefore, indehiscence of fruits, pods, etc., was likely to be one of the first traits strongly selected in crop domestication. Even with the historical selection against dehiscence in early domesticates, it is a trait still targeted in many breeding programs, particularly in minor or underutilized crops. Here, we review dehiscence in pulse (grain legume) crops, which are of growing importance as a source of protein in human and livestock diets, and which have received less attention than cereal crops and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We specifically focus on the (i) history of indehiscence in domestication across legumes, (ii) structures and the mechanisms involved in shattering, (iii) the molecular pathways underlying this important trait, (iv) an overview of the extent of crop losses due to shattering, and the effects of environmental factors on shattering, and, (v) efforts to reduce shattering in crops. While our focus is mainly pulse crops, we also included comparisons to crucifers and cereals because there is extensive research on shattering in these taxa.Öğe WHEAT BIOFORTIFICATION - A POTENTIAL KEY TO HUMAN MALNUTRITION(POLISH SOCIETY MAGNESIUM RESEARCH, 2017) Khan, Mohd Kamran; Pandey, Anamika; Akkaya, Mahinur S.; Gezgin, Sait; Hamurcu, Mehmet; Hakki, Erdogan E.Wheat production is required to double by 2050 in order to facilitate the global food assurance. Along with the rise in wheat production, improvement of the nutrient value of wheat varieties is another crucial challenge faced by wheat breeders. It is well established that more than 40% people in the world are at a risk of malnutrition caused by the deficiency of Fe, Zn and protein in their food. Numerous strategies are adopted by scientists, breeders and food industries to combat the problem. In this context, biofortificaton has become a successful method for increasing, either genetically or agronomically, the micronutrient content in crop plants. Recently, substantial progress has been made in the use of molecular marker systems and quantitative trait loci (QTL) to augment the wheat iron, zinc and protein content. Determining the role of GPC-B1 gene in controlling the iron, zinc and protein content in wheat genotypes is a promising discoveries. Although the gene is found to be associated with an elevated micronutrient content, it is also responsible for a decrease in yield. In order to simultaneously achieve both high nutrient content and elevated yield, major efforts are required to reveal the genetic control of these traits. Moreover, identifying the wheat genomic resources with an elevated nutrient content can be crucial. Employment of the next generation sequencing methods and use of molecular markers in marker assisted selection appears to be a promising approach to attaining the objective of breeding nutrient rich varieties. Combining advanced molecular biology and plant breeding techniques for wheat development is a potential strategy in achieving a healthy, 'hidden hunger' free world.
