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Öğe Assessment of foreigner students' attitudes towards the physical education and sport(SILA SCIENCE, 2012) Caglayan, Hakan Salim; Sirin, Erkan Faruk; Lok, Sefa; Ince, Alparslan; Oner, MutluThis study was conducted to determine the attitudes of foreigner students toward the physical education and sport. In the survey method this research universe has been constituted 448 students from 34 country who is educated in Mustafa Germirli Anadolu Imam Hatip High School opened in Kayseri in 2006-2007 education year. The sampling of this research has been constituted 241 students from 10 country selected randomly by means of sampling method aforesaid school in 2008-2009 education year. In this research "Physical Education and Sport Attitude Scale" (PESAS) developed by Demirhan and Altay (2001) had been used as data collection tool. Data have been investigated with Kolmogorov-Smimov Test whether they feature normal distribution or not and at the end of this investigation data feature normal distributionand one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to compare triad or more cluster. To determine varieties' source of one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) results which are found\ as significant, Turkey HSD multi comparison test has been used and significance level has been taken as 0.05. Generally students' attitudes relating to physical education and sport are found at positive level. Moreover it is found that there are statistically differences between variable of the students' attitudes relating to physical education and sport from countries where they came (P < 0.05). According to the students' age variable there is not found any differences between their attitudes relating to physical education and sport (P > 0.05).Öğe Combined usage of testosterone and nandrolone may cause heart damage(ACADEMIC JOURNALS, 2011) Tasgin, Erdal; Lok, Sefa; Demir, NagehanThe aim of this study is to determine the effects of combined application of testosterone and nandrolone on male rabbits during adolescence period for biochemical values which are indicators of damage to heart, liver and kidney. Seven male New Zealand white rabbits, 60-days old, were used in this study. Testosterone (10 mg/kg) + nandrolone deconoate (10 mg/kg) were injected simultaneously to the rabbits in an intramuscular manner once in 1 week for a period of 12 weeks. Blood samples were taken in 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Serum creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were measured with an auto-analyzer. Combined use of testosterone and nandrolone caused (p < 0.05) increase in serum creatine kinase-MB activity, but no statistical changes (p > 0.05) were determined in other parameters. As a result, it can be concluded that the use of testosterone plus nandrolone simultaneously during early ages may cause heart damage.Öğe Does the use of Testosterone Enanthate as a Form of Doping in Sports Cause Early Closure of Epiphyseal in Bones?(SOC CHILENA ANATOMIA, 2015) Lok, SefaThe purpose of this research is to investigate the morphometric effects of short term usage of testosterone enanthate among the anabolic androgenic steroids used as doping by athletes on humerus bones of male rats. 30 rats (35 days) were utilized in this research. The rats were divided into three equal groups. For the experimental group (n = 10), testosterone enanthate at 10 mg/ kg dose in 100 m l peanut oil diluents, for the peanut oil group (n = 10), peanut oil of testosterone enanthate' diluent (100 mu l) was executed intraperitoneally 5 days in a week for 3 weeks. The control group (n = 10) was nourished without any practice for 3 weeks. All rats were euthanized end of the research. Humerus bones were exposed by the dissection of rats' front extremite bones and measurements and the averages were taken. When the length of rats' humerus bones were analyzed, the growth of humerus bones of rats testosterone enanthate applied in the experimental group stopped significantly and the difference was significant (p<0.05). It was observed that among anabolic androgenic steroids, testosterone enathate's usage on male rats in puberty period caused early epiphyseal closure and stopped the growth of humerus bones significantly.Öğe The effect of a physical activity program on chronic psychiatric patients' positive and negative symptoms and depression levels: A randomized controlled trial(2017) Lok, Neslihan; Bademlı, Kerime; Lok, SefaPhysical activity is widely recognized as an important behavioral means of risk prevention and illness management, or alternatively, recovery and the realization of well-being. Mental health nurses have a holistic approach to the health care of those with mental illness and physical activity is an important component of holistic care. This research was undertaken in order to analyze the effect a physical activity program has on positive and negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia and their depression levels. This is a randomly controlled experimental study designed with a pre-test and posttest. The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia were used in this research. The study was carried out with 60 patients, 30 in the experimental and 30 in the control group. The Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests were used, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated. It was found that there was a significant difference between the mean scores on the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (p0.05.) According to this study's findings, the physical activity program for patients with schizophrenic had a statistically significant positive effect on their positive and negative symptoms and depression levels. As a results; 1) this randomized-controlled trial investigated the effect of physical activity program on positive and negative symptoms depression levels among of patients with schizophrenia, 2) results of this study on 60 patients with schizophrenia showed that an 12-week group physical activity program was significantly effective in patients with schizophrenia’ positive and negative symptoms depression, 3) physical activity should be routinely included in plans of psychiatric nursing careÖğe The effect of physical activity on depressive symptoms and quality of life among elderly nursing home residents: Randomized controlled trial(ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, 2017) Lok, Neslihan; Lok, Sefa; Canbaz, MuammerObjectives: Physical activity may have positive effects on decreasing anxiety, stress and depression, maintaining mental health and ensuring psychological vitality. This study aimed to determine how a "Physical Activity Program" for elderly people in nursing homes affected their depressive symptoms and quality of life. Methods: We included 80 individuals aged >65 years (40 in the intervention group, 40 controls) in this experimental, randomized, controlled pretest-posttest study. Besides socio-demographic data, depressive symptoms and quality of life were assessed by standardized procedures (Beck Depression Scale [BDI], SF 36 Quality of Life Questionnaire) before and after a ten-weeks lasting "Physical Activity Program", consisting of 10 min warm-up activities, 20 mintes rhythmic exercices, 10 min cool-down exercises and a 30 mintes free walking period on four days of the week. Results: In contast to controls, individuals of the intervention group presented with a significant decrease in the BDI after the "Physical Activity Program". Likewise, eight-subscales and two sub-dimensions of the SF 36 Quality of Life Questionnaire significantly improved only in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that a structured physical activity program positively impacts depressive symptoms and quality of life in elderly individuals. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe The Effect of Testosterone Used in Sportsmen on Routine Biochemical Parameters(MEDWELL ONLINE, 2010) Taşgın, Erdal; Lok, Sefa; Demir, Nagehan; Özdemir, MehmetThe purpose of the research was to determine indicators of testosterone implication on heart, liver and kidney failure in female rats during puberty and also to determine its effect on some other chemical values. In the research, female 16 Sprague dawley rats (50 days) were used. The rats were divided into two equal groups. The first group was administrated testosterone, diluted with olive oil, 5 mg kg(-1) (SID) subcutaneously for 10 weeks, 5 days each week. The second group was only given olive oil. Serum creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, alkaline phosphates, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, amylase, total protein, albumin and calcium were measured with an auto-analyzer. It was determined that while testosterone application in female rats leads to decrease on the total serum protein and albumin levels (p<0.05), it increased aspartate aminotransferase and cholesterol levels (p<0.05). Consequently, it can be stated that long term testosterone implication during puberty may lead to organ defects at early ages.Öğe Effects of single dose administered nandrolone decanoate on serum cytokine levels and some biochemical parameters in male and female rats.(SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS INDIA, 2017) Tasgin, Erdal; Lok, Sefa; Haliloglu, Seyfullah; Demir, Nagehan; Ergin, HaleThe aim this this study was to determine that administration of single higher dose nandrolone decanoate (40 mg/kg) on serum IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-10 and IL-6 levels and some biochemical parameters during 24 h in male and female rats. The blood samples were taken from 5 male and female rats to obtain their starting values. Then the blood samples were taken from 6 rats in sampling time at 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th and 24th h following the nandrolone decanoate administration. There were significant increases determined in the serum IL-1 beta levels, numerical increases in the TNF-alpha levels whereas decreased IL-6 levels were determined. IL-10 levels did not change during experimental period. While serum GGT and BUN levels increased towards the last h of the study, increased ALP levels were observed only female rats. There was no any significance changes were determined in the other biochemical (ALT, AST, CK-MB and LDH) values. As a result, increased IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha levels, proinflammatory cytokines, and some biochemical parameters may be reflect that long term used nandrolone decanoate causes organ damages and effect immune system function. However, effects of long term used nandrolone decanoate on the immune system and organ functions should be detailed evaluated.Öğe Long Term Used Testosterone May Cause Heart and Liver Damage(MEDWELL ONLINE, 2010) Lok, Sefa; Taşgın, Erdal; Demir, Nagehan; Özdemir, MehmetThe purpose of the research is to define the effects of testosterone on heart, liver, kidney and some chemical values in male rats during puberty In the research 16 Sprague dawley rats, 50 days old were used The rats were divided into two equal groups The first group was administrated testosterone, diluted with olive oil, 5 mg kg(-1) (SID) subcutaneously for 10 weeks 5 days each week The second group was only given olive oil At the end of the 10th week blood samples were taken Serum creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, amylase, total protein, albumin and calcium were measured with an auto-analyzer It was determined that while testosterone application in male rats led to increase on the serum CK-MB, CK and AST levels (p<0 05), it caused decreases on the total protein, albumin, calcium and creatinine (p<0 05) As a result, it can be stated that long term testosterone implication during puberty may lead to heart and liver defects at early ages.Öğe Morphometric effects of testosterone supplementation on certain extremity bones in young swim-trained rats(2018) Kılcı, Abdullah; Lok, SefaThere has been a dramatic increase in the use of doping agents today. Used by athletes to increase strength, endurance and speed, AAS lead to various negative effects on the human body despite enhancing performance and strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphometric effects of testosterone supplementation on certain extremity bones in young swim-trained rats. The study was conducted with a total of 24 30-day-old male Wistar rats obtained from Selcuk University Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center. The rats were divided into four equal groups of six: control (C), exercise (E), testosterone (T) and testosteroneexercise (TE) groups. The appropriate weekly dose was adjusted for the rats in the testosterone-treated group according to their body weights. The front and back extremity bones of the materials were dissected and the uncovered humerus and femur bones were dried. The length, corpus thickness, cortex cortical thickness and medulla diameter points of each bone were determined and the morphometric measurements were taken. The results were presented as MeanSD. Data were analyzed through comparison between the groups by using ANOVA and Duncan test. The significance level was set at P0.05. The femur and humerus lengths of the TE, T, E, and C groups were compared and the respective lengths were femur; 32.241.04 for the C group, 32.230.28 for the E group, 31.120.73 for the TE group and 30.930.72 for the T group, humerus; 25,740,77 for the C group, 25,660,25 fot the E group, 24,680,53 for the TE group and 24,580,41 for the T group. The femur and humerus bones of the rats in the groups given testosterone supplementation (TE and T) were significantly shorter than those of the rats in the other two groups (p0.05). However, there were not any statistical differences among the TE, T, E, and C groups in terms of cortex, corpus and medullary diameter measurements of the femur and humerus bones (p0.05). The results of the study showed that testosterone supplementation stopped the growth of femur and humerus by causing premature epiphyseal closure in them. Also, even exercise did not reduce the adverse effects of testosterone supplementation. Although some athletes think that prohibited agents used as AAS affect performance positively, these agents should not be used because of their adverse effects on athletes’ health and because they are against sports ethics.Öğe Morphometric Effects of Testosterone Supplementation on Certain Extremity Bones in Young Swim-Trained Rats(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2018 Aralık) Kılcı, Abdullah; Lok, SefaThere has been a dramatic increase in the use of doping agents today. Used by athletes to increase strength, endurance and speed, AAS lead to various negative effects on the human body despite enhancing performance and strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphometric effects of testosterone supplementation on certain extremity bones in young swim-trained rats. The study was conducted with a total of 24 30-day-old male Wistar rats obtained from Selcuk University Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center. The rats were divided into four equal groups of six: control (C), exercise (E), testosterone (T) and testosterone+exercise (TE) groups. The appropriate weekly dose was adjusted for the rats in the testosterone-treated group according to their body weights. The front and back extremity bones of the materials were dissected and the uncovered humerus and femur bones were dried. The length, corpus thickness, cortex cortical thickness and medulla diameter points of each bone were determined and the morphometric measurements were taken. The results were presented as Mean±SD. Data were analyzed through comparison between the groups by using ANOVA and Duncan test. The significance level was set at P<0.05. The femur and humerus lengths of the TE, T, E, and C groups were compared and the respective lengths were femur; 32.24±1.04 for the C group, 32.23±0.28 for the E group, 31.12±0.73 for the TE group and 30.93±0.72 for the T group, humerus; 25.74±0,77 for the C group, 25.66±0.25 fot the E group, 24.68±0.53 for the TE group and 24.58±0.41 for the T group. The femur and humerus bones of the rats in the groups given testosterone supplementation (TE and T) were significantly shorter than those of the rats in the other two groups (p<0.05). However, there were not any statistical differences among the TE, T, E, and C groups in terms of cortex, corpus and medullary diameter measurements of the femur and humerus bones (p>0.05). The results of the study showed that testosterone supplementation stopped the growth of femur and humerus by causing premature epiphyseal closure in them. Also, even exercise did not reduce the adverse effects of testosterone supplementation. Although some athletes think that prohibited agents used as AAS affect performance positively, these agents should not be used because of their adverse effects on athletes’ health and because they are against sports ethics.Öğe Morphometric effects of the combined usage of anabolic androgenic steroids on humerus(SILA SCIENCE, 2012) Lok, Sefa; Tasgin, Erdal; Yalcin, HakanThis study has carried out to examine the effect of the combined usage of anabolic androgenic steroids consumed by athletes on humerus. In this study, twenty-four New Zeland white rabbits were used. Male and female rabbits were separated into two groups. Control group (male n: 6, female n: 6) was fed during 12 weeks without being made any application. 10 mg/kg if testosterone plus 10 mg/kg of nandrolone deaconate were intramuscularly applied on experimental group (male n: 6, female n: 6) one day in a week during 12 weeks. Front extremity bones of materials were revealed by making diseke and were subjected to maceration operation. Upon examining the lengths of humerus bones, growth of the humerus bone has evidently suspended among the subject males that are consumed the drug and the difference has been found significant (p < 0.05). Among males the growth of the length of humerus bones has suspended significantly but among females the same effect has not examined. In conclusion, combined usage of these two steroids may enhance the effects of the testosterone, and thus the relative results are found significant among males comparing to females.
