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    Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) fruit: some physical and chemical properties
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2005) Ozcan, M; Haciseferogullari, H; Marakoglu, T; Arslan, D
    The hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) fruits were analysed for some physical (dimensions, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, bulk density, fruit density, volume, terminal velocity, hardness and porosity) and chemical (moisture, crude protein, crude oil, crude energy, crude fiber, ash, pH, acidity, water- and alcohol soluble extract) properties. Mineral content of wild hawthorn growing in Turkey were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). All materials contained high amounts of Ca, K, Mg, Na and P. These values were found as 3046.37 ppm, 13,531.96 ppm, 1502.55 ppm, 312.18 ppm, 1477.88 ppm and 431,307.29ppm, respectively. The mean pulp and seeds weight, length, diameter, mass, volume, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and projected area were measured as 2.16g, 0.87g, 14.39mm, 19.34mm, 3.03g, 3083.3 mm(3), 17.52mm, 1.22 and 4.19 cm(2), respectively. The energy, protein, cellulose, oil, ash, acidity and water-soluble extract values of hawthorn fruits were established as 34.02 kcal/g, 2.48%, 4.67%, 0.87%, 2.28%, 1.98% and 32.31 %, respectively. It is very important to evaluate the physical properties for the design of equipment used for harvesting, transportation, storage and processing of fresh fruits. Also, the information supplied on the chemical properties of the hawthorn fruit can be used in human nutrition. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Physical properties of rapeseed (Brassica napus oleifera L.)
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2005) Calisir, S; Marakoglu, T; Ogut, H; Ozturk, O
    Rapeseeds (Brassica napus oleifera L.) were analyzed for some physical properties. Also, physical properties such as dimensions, length, diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, 1000 seeds mass, bulk density, terminal velocity, projected area and porosity were measured at three moisture content levels (4.70%, 13.14% and 23.96%). The values of length, diameter, mass, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, particular volume, bulk density, terminal velocity, projected area and porosity were established as 2.07 2.29 mm, 1.84-1.99 mm, 0.0040-0.0065 g, 1.91-2.08 mm, 0.93-0.91, 3.96-5.15 mm(3), 612.1-585.1 kgm(-3), 3.16-3.74 ms(-1), 3.71-4.67 mm(2) and 48.2-60.6%, respectively. The coefficient static and dynamic of friction on an iron sheet, a galvanized sheet and plywood were established. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Proximate composition and technological properties of fresh blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L. subsp dasyphylla (Schur.)) fruits
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2005) Marakoglu, T; Arslan, D; Ozcan, M; Haciseferogullari, H
    In this study, the chemical and physical properties of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa subsp. dasyphlla (Schur.)) fruits growing wild in Konya province were determined. Proximate analysis such as dry matter, crude oil, crude protein, crude fibre, crude energy, ash, water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extract, pH and acid and mineral contents were established in this work. Al, B, Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S were deter-mined as major minerals. Mineral content of blackthorn growing in Turkey were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). All materials contained high amounts of K (18706.98 mg/kg), Ca (1524.22 mg/kg), Mg (968.15 mg/kg), P (1514.1 mg/ kg): S (500025.97 mg/kg), Na (530.11 mg/kg), B (26.99 mg/kg), Al (26.33 mg/kg) and Fe (16.18 mg/kg). Also, technological properties such as length and diameter of fruit, unit mass, volume of fruit, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, bulk density, fruit density, porosity, projected area, terminal velocity, kernel and pulp mass, static and dynamic coefficient of friction were measured at 69.37% moisture content levels. The values of length, mass, diameter, geometric mean diameter and sphericity of blackthorn fruit were established as 12.12 mm, 1.28 g, 12.59 mm, 12.43 mm and 1.03, respectively. At the same moisture content, projected area, volume, bulk density, fruit density, porosity, terminal velocity, fruit hardness, static friction and dynamic friction coefficients were determined as 1.454 cm(2), 1288.5 mm(3), 15.66 g, 598.9 kg/m(3), 1111.43 kg/m(3), 46.38%, 16.14 m/s, 0.28 N, 0.3351-0.3986 and 0.2814-0.3427, respectively. The analytical values revealed nutritional properties and mineral contents of blackthorn fruit. In addition, knowledge of their mineral contents of fruits is of great interest. Also, it is very important to know the technological properties of equipment used harvesting, transportation and processing of fresh plum fruits. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.