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Öğe 3 ',4 '-Dihydroxyflavonol attenuates spatial learning and memory impairments in global cerebral ischemia(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2017) Öz, Mehmet; Demir, Enver Ahmet; Çalışkan, Merve; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Baltacı, Abdulkerim Kasım; Atalık, Kısmet Esra NurullahoğluObjectives: In the present study, effects of 3', 4'-dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF) on anxiety-like behavior, and learning and memory were investigated in a model of transient global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Methods: The animals were assigned to sham-operated, ischemia, and two DiOHF-treated (10 mg/kg i. p.) groups. DiOHF was administered at 1 hour before and immediately after the ischemia. Male rats were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion to induce acute cerebral ischemia for 20 minutes, followed by reperfusion for 7 days. The openfield, elevated plus maze (EPM), and Morris water maze tests were used to evaluate the effects of DiOHF treatment on ischemia-induced locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and spatial and recognition memory impairments, respectively. Results: In the open field test, locomotor activity in the ischemic rats was not altered 6 days after the ischemia, nor was anxiety-like behavior, which was evaluated with the EPM (P > 0.05). In the water-maze test, cerebral ischemia significantly decreased the exploration time in the target quadrant, and the platform crossing counts were lower (P < 0.05) in the probe trial test; this memory impairment was significantly improved by DiOHF applied 1 hour before and immediately after ischemia (P < 0.05). Discussion: All together, these findings suggest that DiOHF reverses spatial learning and memory deficits resulting from transient global ischemia but has no significant effect on anxiety-like behavior.Öğe Adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels in athletes and sedentary subjects at rest and exhaustion: Effects of magnesium supplementation(HUMANA PRESS INC, 2008) Çınar, Vedat; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Baltacı, Abdülkerim Kasım; Polat, YahyaThe effects of a 1-month exercise program and magnesium supplementation on the adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels were studied in young tae-kwon-do and sedentary subjects both at rest and exhaustion. The hormone levels were compared before and after supplementation with 10 mg of magnesium (as magnesium sulfate) per kilogram of body weight. Both exercise and magnesium supplements caused significant increases of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (p < 0.05). The cortisol levels were increased in training subjects receiving supplements (p < 0.05) but not so in subjects that either trained or received magnesium supplements in an independent manner. The cortisol levels measured in resting individuals were higher in the supplemented and non-supplemented athletes than those in sedentary subjects (p < 0.05). The results of this study show that exercise and/or magnesium supplementation causes a rise of the adrenocorticotropic hormone, whereas cortisol is increased only as a result of combined exhaustion and magnesium supplements.Öğe Akut Yüzme Egzersizi Yaptırılan Ratlarda Çinko Eksikliği ve Uygulamasının Bazı Hematolojik Parametrelere Etkisi(2002) Baltacı, Abdülkerim Kasım; Özyürek, Kürşat; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Kurtoğlu, Erdal; Öztekin, Esma; Kul, AylinAmaç: Bu çalışma akut yüzme egzersizi yaptırılan ratlarda çinko eksikliğinin ve çinko uygulamasının bazı hematolojik parametreleri nasıl etkilediğinin ortaya konulabilmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Yöntem: Araştırma çinko eksik yüzme grubu (grup I, n10), çinko takviyeli yüzme grubu (grup II, n10), yüzme kontrol grubu (grup III, n10), genel kontrol grubu (grup IV, n10) olmak üzere toplam 40 adet Spraque-Dawley cinsi erişkin erkek rat üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Dört hafta süren çalışmanın bitiminde deney hayvanlarından dekapitasyonla alınan kan örneklerinde eritrosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, lökosit, lenfosit, trombosit parametreleri (otomatik kan sayım cihazı ile) ve plazma çinko düzeyleri (atomik absorpsiyon spektrofotometresi ile) tayin edildi. Bulgular: Grup 1'in eritrosit, Hb, Hct ve lenfosit değerleri en düşük, Grup 2'nin aynı değerleri en yüksekti. Grup 2'nin trombosit sayısı diğer gruplardan düşüktü. Sonuç: Bulgularımız çinko eksikliğinin belirtilen parametreleri olumsuz, çinko uygulamasının ise olumlu olarak etkilediğini düşündürmektedir. Sonuç olarak çinko uygulaması fiziksel performansı artırıcı yönde etki gösterebilir.Öğe Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism increase plasma irisin levels in rats(WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH, 2018) Atıcı, Emine; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Baltacı, Abdülkerim Kasım; Menevşe, EsmaBackground: A recently discovered hormone, irisin is accepted to be significantly involved in the regulation of body weight. Thyroid functions may be, directly or indirectly, associated with irisin. Aim: The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of experimental thyroid dysfunction on irisin levels in rats. Methods: The study registered 40 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were allocated to groups as follows: 1. Control; 2. Hypothyroidism induced by injection of 10 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal propylthiouracil (PTU) for 3 weeks; 3. Hypothyroidism (PTU 2 weeks) + L-thyroxin (1.5 mg/kg/day for 1 week); 4. Hyperthyroidism induced in rats by 3-week thyroxin (0.3 mg/kg/day); 5. Hyperthyroidism + PTU. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected to quantify free triiodothyronine (FT3), free triiodothyronine (FT4) and irisin levels. Results: FT3 and FT4 levels were reduced in hypothyroidism and were significantly elevated in hyperthyroidism (p < 0.001). Irisin values, on the other hand, were found to be elevated in both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that irisin values increase in thyroid dysfunction, hypo-and hyperthyroidism, and that when hypothyroidism is corrected by thyroxin administration and hyperthyroidism by PTU injection, plasma irisin values go back to normal.Öğe Calcium Supplementation and 4-Week Exercise on Blood Parameters of Athletes at Rest and Exhaustion(HUMANA PRESS INC, 2010) Çınar, Vedat; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Baltacı, Abdulkerim KasımIn the present study, experiments were designed to investigate if supplementation with calcium during 4 weeks had an effect on blood parameters in sedentary male athletes at rest and exhaustion. Thirty healthy subjects of ages ranging from 18 to 22 years were included in the study. The subjects were separated into three groups, as follows: Group 1 consisted sedentary athletes receiving 35 mg/kg/day calcium gluconate. Group 2 included subjects equally supplemented with calcium training 90 min/day for 5 days/week. Group 3 were subject to the same exercise regime but did not receive calcium supplements. Blood parameters were determined in the experimental subjects at rest and after exhaustion. The leukocyte count (WBC) of athletes in groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher at exhaustion (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the WBC of the two supplemented groups. The erythrocyte count (RBC) was increased in the supplemented athletes after training (p<0.05), but hemoglobin, hematocrit, and trombocyte levels remained unchanged. The mean corpuscular volume increased in the calcium-supplemented group at rest (p<0.05). These results suggest that calcium supplementation only causes increases in white and red blood cell counts in athletes after exhaustion while other hematological parameters remain unchanged.Öğe Changes in serum leptin levels in strenuous exercise and its relation to zinc deficiency in rats(HUMANA PRESS INC, 2005) Gökbel, Hakkı; Baltacı, A. K.; Uçok, K; Okudan, Nilsel; Moğulkoç, RasimThis study aimed to investigate the possible changes in serum leptin concentration caused by acute exercise and the effects of zinc deficiency on these changes. Forty male rats were divided into control-control, control exercise, zinc-deficient-control, and zinc-deficient-exercise groups (10 rats in each). Control-exercise and zinc-deficient-exercise groups performed exercise at 6 m/min speed on a rodent treadmill for 60 min or until exhaustion. All rats were decapitated 48 h after the exercise, and blood samples were collected to determine serum leptin and zinc levels. Serum leptin levels in the exercise groups were lower than in the control groups. Leptin levels in the zinc-deficient-control group were lower than in the control control group. The mean exercise time of control-exercise group was significantly longer than the zinc-deficient-exercise group. We conclude that serum leptin levels significantly decrease both 48 h after strenuous exercise and in the zinc-deficient rats, and there is a further decrease in leptin levels when rats fed on a zinc-deficient diet performed exercise.Öğe Changes in the Serum Levels of Trace Elements Before and After the Operation in Thyroid Cancer Patients(HUMANA PRESS INC, 2017) Baltacı, Abdülkerim Kasım; Dündar, Tuğrul Kadir; Aksoy, Faruk; Moğulkoç, RasimThe present study aims to examine the changes in the serum levels of trace elements before and after the operation in thyroid cancer patients. The study registered 50 individuals, of whom 25 were female and 25 were male. The patients were allocated to four groups: group 1: male thyroid cancer patients group (n = 15), group 2: female thyroid cancer patients group (n = 15), group 3: male control group (n = 10), group 4: female control group (n = 10). The subjects in groups 1 and 2 were the patients who were post-operatively diagnosed with a pathological malignancy in the thyroid tissue samples. Blood samples were collected from all subjects before the operation, immediately after the operation, and on the post-operative day 15. Additionally, thyroid tissue samples were taken from all subjects post-operatively. Some elements in the blood and tissue samples were determined using the atomic emission method. Zinc and selenium levels of groups 1 and 2 in the pre- and post-operative measurements were significantly lower than those in the control groups (p < 0.05), but were higher in the thyroid tissue (p < 0.05). Serum zinc and selenium levels measured in the subjects on the post-operative day 15 were similar to those measured in the controls. Our study show that changes in the serum and thyroid tissue levels of trace elements like zinc and selenium, which play a critical role in thyroid function, might be associated with the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer.Öğe Chronic (3-Weeks) Treatment of Estrogen (17 beta-Estradiol) Enhances Working and Reference Memory in Ovariectomized Rats: Role of Acetylcholine(SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS, 2016) Üzüm, Gülay; Bahçekapılı, Nesrin; Baltacı, Abdülkerim Kasım; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Ziylan, Yusuf ZiyaRecently there has been a growing interest in the effects of estrogen on cognitive functions. In this study, we aimed to examine 17 beta-estradiol treatment on working and reference memory in ovariectomized rats. We also examined the changes in the acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the brain areas associated with learning and memory. The study was performed on Sprague-Dawley type 3-month-old female rats. The rats were divided into four groups as control, ovariectomy (OVX), and OVX and estrogen treatment (10 A mu g/day i.p. 17 beta-estradiol) groups for 3 (OVX + E3) and 21 days OVX + E21). The rats were trained on eight arm radial maze task with eight arms baited to assess spatial memory, in addition four arms baited to assess both working and reference memory performances. The electron microscope images of the ACh vesicles in the frontal cortex, temporal cortex and hippocampus areas of the brain which are important regions for learning and memory were screened. Results showed that long term 17 beta-estradiol treatment has positive effects on both reference memory and working memory and that ACh vesicles increased in the examined brain areas, especially in hippocampus. Our results suggest that 3 weeks 17 beta-estradiol treatment may have an ameliorative effect on the memory through the central cholinergic system.Öğe Determination of Effective Mechanism of Melatonin in Hyperthermic Febrile Convulsion in Rats(KARGER, 2018) Aydın, Leyla; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Baltacı, Abdülkerim Kasım[Abstract not Available]Öğe The effect of 3 ', 4 '-dihydroxyflavonol on lipid peroxidation in brain ischemia-reperfusion damage in rat(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2015) Çalışkan, Merve; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Baltacı, Abdülkerim Kasım; Menevşe, Esma; Ergene, Neyhan[Abstract not Available]Öğe The Effect of 3 ',4 '-Dihydroxyflavonol on Lipid Peroxidation in Rats with Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury(SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS, 2016) Çalışkan, Merve; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Baltacı, Abdülkerim Kasım; Menevşe, EsmaThe aim of present study was to determine the effect of 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF) on lipid peroxidation in experimental brain ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Present study was performed on the 34 male Wistar-albino rats, weigth 350-400 g. Experiment groups were designed as 1-Sham; 2-Ischemia-reperfusion; animal were anesthesized and carotid arteried were clemped for 20 min and reperfusion (7 days). 3-DiOHF + Ischemia-reperfusion; DiOHF was given to animals as 10 mg/kg by intraperitoneal. 4- Ischemia + DiOHF + Reperfusion; 5- Ischemia-reperfusion + DiOHF. Blood samples and serebral cortex were analysed for malondyaldehyde (MDA), NO (nitric oxide), xanthine oxidase (XO), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Blood MDA levels were significantly higher ischemia-reperfusion groups (P < 0.005). However, DiOHF inhibited MDA. Ischemia-reperfusion led to increased XO and NO but DiOHF supplementation reduced NO and XO. DiOHF increased GSH and GPx levels compared to ischemia-reperfusion group. All together, our present study showed that intraperitoneal DiOHF supplementation has protective effect on brain ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rat.Öğe The effect of 3 ',4 '-dihydroxyflavonol on plasma oxidant and antioxidant systems in testis ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats(BIOINTERFACE RESEARCH APPLIED CHEMISTRY, 2018) Duman, Aysel; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Baltacı, Abdülkerim Kasım; Sivrikaya, AbdullahThe purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF) on plasma lipid peroxidation in experimental testicular torsion-detorsion. The study involved 60 Wistar-albino type male rats weighing 250-260 gr. The experiment groups were formed as follows: 1. Control; 2. Sham-control; 3.720 degrees-4 hours torsion; 4. 720 degrees-4 hours torsion+4 hours detorsion; 5. 720 degrees-4 hours torsion+DiOHF; 6. 720 degrees-4 hours torsion+DiOHF+4 hours detorsion; 7. 720 degrees-4 hours torsion+24 hours detorsion; 8. 720 degrees-4 hours torsion+DiOHF+24 hours detorsion. The animals in the experimental groups were anesthetized after the procedures and their blood samples were taken to determine the levels of plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and erythrocyte glutathione (GSH). Among the study groups, group 5 was found to have the highest plasma glutathione peroxidase values (p<0.001). Groups 3 and 4, which were torsion and detorsion groups, had the lowest plasma GPx values (p<0.001). Plasma NO values were found be higher in groups 3 and 4 than all other groups (p<0.001). Groups 3, 4, and 7 had the highest plasma MDA levels (p<0.001). Erythrocyte GSH levels in groups 5 and 7 were significantly higher than the levels in other groups (p<0.001). The results of the study indicate that lipid peroxidation that increases in plasma during testis ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats is prevented by intra-peritoneal DiOHF administration.Öğe Effect of 3’-4’-dihydroxyflavonol on lipid per oxidation in experimental renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats(Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2019) Koç, Aynur; Ergene, Neyhan; Baltacı, Abdülkerim Kasım; Moğulkoç, RasimThis study aimed to examine the affects of 3’-4’-dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF) on lipid peroxidation in experimental renal ischemia-reperfusion. The research was conducted on Wistar-albino type male rat. The experimental groups were formed as 1.Control; 2.Sham; 3.Ischemia; 4.Ischemia+reperfusion; 5.DiOHF+Ischemia; 6.Ischemia+ DiOHF + reperfusion. The highest tissue glutathione levels were found in groups 5 and 6. Groups 1 and 2, which were control and sham groups respectively, had the lowest tissue GSH values. Ischemia group was found to have the highest tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Tissue MDA levels in group 4 were lower than those in group 3, however, higher than the levels in all other groups. Erythrocyte GSH levels in groups 5 and 6 were higher than the levels in all other groups. Group 4 has highest plasma MDA values. Plasma MDA levels in group 3 were lower than the levels in Group 4, but higher than those in other groups. The results of the study indicate that intraperitoneal DiOHF administration inhibits lipid per oxidation that intensifies in the case of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. © 2019 Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of different doses of Quercetin supplementation on element levels of brain tissue in diabetic rats(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2014) Demir, Enver Ahmet; Yazgan, Betül; Öz, Mehmet; Alp, Muhammed İkbal; Gergerlioğlu, Hasan Serdar; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Baltacı, Abdulkerim Kasım[Abstract not Available]Öğe The effect of different doses of zinc supplementation on serum element and lactate levels in elite volleyball athletes(UNIV SOUTH BOHEMIA, 2017) Eskici, Günay; Günay, Mehmet; Baltacı, Abdülkerim Kasım; Moğulkoç, RasimThe present study aims to examine the effect of different doses of zinc administration on serum element metabolism and fatigue. The study registered 20 female elite athletes. The subjects were divided into two groups in equal numbers. Group supplemented with 220 mg/day zinc sulfate. Group supplemented with 440 mg/day zinc sulfate. Athletes who were already engaged in their daily training routines were put to a 20-m shuttle run test to create fatigue before and after supplementation. Blood samples were collected from the subjects for a total of 7 times, before and after zinc supplementation and during rest and after exercise within one-week intervals over the course of the 4-week supplementation. The blood samples collected as such were analyzed to determine serum magnesium, phosphorus and calcium, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, and plasma lactate. Both exercise and zinc supplementations significantly elevated magnesium, calcium, and iron levels for 4 weeks. Pre-supplementation exercise elevated plasma lactate levels, while zinc supplementation led to a fall in plasma lactate. The results of the present study indicate that zinc-supplementation for 4 weeks may have a positive impact on athletic performance by delaying fatigue. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Sp. z o.o. on behalf of Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice.Öğe EFFECT OF EXHAUSTING EXERCISE AND CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION ON POTASSIUM, MAGNESIUM, COPPER, ZINC AND CALCIUM LEVELS IN ATHLETES(PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS, 2009) Çınar, Vedat; Baltacı, Abdülkerim Kasım; Moğulkoç, RasimObjective: Present study was performed to determine four week calcium supplementation and athleticism exercise on plasma potassium, calcium, magnesium, cupper and zinc levels in resting and exhaustion. Methodology: Research was carried out on 30 healthy mate people. Group 1; Exercise, Group 2; Exercise + Calcium supplementation, Group 3; Sedentary+Calcium supplemented. Results: All elements levels increased by exhausting exercise (P<0.05). Plasma K and Ca levels increased in exercise group after supplementation (P<0.05). Ca levels increased in exercise + supplemented group (P<0.05). This increase was much more in group three (P<0.05). Plasma Cu levels increased by Ca supplementation in sedentary (P<0.05). Exhausting exercise increased Zn levels in sedentary after supplementation (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of present study show that calcium supplementation for 4 week does not have clear affect on potassium and Mg. However, calcium levels were increased by supplementation and Cu after the supplementation. It was also exhausting exercise that caused increase in all parameters.Öğe The Effect of Intraperitoneal Melatonin Supplementation on the Release of Thyroid Hormones and Testosterone in Rats With Hyperthyroid(Maghira & Maas Publications, 2003) Moğulkoç, Rasim; Baltacı, Abdülkerim KasımOBJECTIVE: Melatonin has a general inhibitory effect on the reproductive system and thyroid functions. Testosterone secretion increases in parallel to thyroid hormones in hyperthyroidism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin application on total T3, T4 and testosterone in hyperthyroid rats. METHODS: This study was performed on 4 groups each consisted of 6 male Spraque Dawley rats. Control group (G1); sham group (G2); applied 0.5 ml/day of serum physiologic intraperitoneally for 2 weeks, hyperthyroid group (G3); applied 0.3 mg/kg/day thyroxine intraperitoneally for 2 weeks, and hyperthyroid and melatonin supplemented group (G4); applied 0.3 mg/kg/day thyroxine and 3 mg/kg/day melatonin. Blood samples taken by way of decapitation were analysed for total T3, T4 and testosterone by RIA. RESULTS: Serum total T3 and total testosterone levels were the highest in hyperthyroid group (G3), whereas in hyperthyroid and melatonin supplemented group (G4) were the lowest (P<0.001). Total T4 levels were higher in group 3 than group 1, 2 and 4 (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Results revealed that melatonin supplementation in hyperthyroidism suppress secretion of thyroid hormones and testosterone secretion.Öğe Effect of Intraperitoneal Selenium Administration on Liver Glycogen Levels in Rats Subjected to Acute Forced Swimming(HUMANA PRESS INC, 2011) Akil, Mustafa; Biçer, Mürsel; Kılıç, Mehmet; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Baltacı, Abdülkerim KasımThere are a few of studies examining how selenium, which is known to reduce oxidative damage in exercise, influences glucose metabolism and exhaustion in physical activity. The present study aims to examine how selenium administration affects liver glycogen levels in rats subjected to acute swimming exercise. The study included 32 Sprague-Dawley type male rats, which were equally allocated to four groups: Group 1, general control; Group 2; selenium-supplemented control (6 mg/kg/day sodium selenite); Group 3, swimming control; Group 4, selenium-supplemented swimming (6 mg/kg/day sodium selenite). Liver tissue samples collected from the animals at the end of the study were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol. From the tissue samples buried into paraffin, 5-A mu m cross-sections were obtained using a microtome, put on a microscope slide, and stained with PAS. Stained preparations were assessed using a Nikon Eclipse E400 light microscope. All images obtained with the light microscope were transferred to a PC and evaluated using Clemex PE 3.5 image analysis software. The highest liver glycogen levels were found in groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). The levels in group 4 were lower than those in groups 1 and 2 but higher than the levels in group 3 (p < 0.05). The lowest liver glycogen levels were obtained in group 3 (p < 0.05). Results of the study indicate that liver glycogen levels that decrease in acute swimming exercise can be restored by selenium administration. It can be argued that physiological doses of selenium administration can contribute to performance.Öğe Effect of Long-Term Intraperitoneal Zinc Administration on Liver Glycogen Levels in Diabetic Rats Subjected to Acute Forced Swimming(HUMANA PRESS INC, 2011) Biçer, Mürsel; Günay, Mehmet; Akil, Mustafa; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Baltacı, Abdülkerim KasımThis study aims to examine the effect of zinc administration on liver glycogen levels of rats in which diabetes was induced with streptozotocin and which were subjected to acute swimming exercise. The study was conducted on 80 adult Sprague-Dawley male rats, which were equally allocated to eight groups: group 1, general control; group 2, zinc-administrated control; group 3, zinc-administrated diabetic control; group 4, swimming control; group 5, zinc-administrated swimming; group 6, zinc-administrated diabetic swimming; group 7, diabetic swimming; group 8, diabetic control group. In order to induce diabetes, animals were injected with 40 mg/kg intraperitoneal (ip) streptozotocin. The injections were repeated in the same dose after 24 h. Animals which had blood glucose at or above 300 mg/dl 6 days after the last injections were accepted as diabetic. Zinc was administrated ip for 4 weeks as 6 mg/kg/day per rat. Hepatic tissue samples taken from the animals at the end of the study were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol. Cross sections of 5 A mu m thickness, taken by the help of a microtome from the tissue samples buried in paraffin, were placed on a microscope slide and stained with periodic acid-Schiff and evaluated by light microscope. All microscopic images were transferred to a PC and assessed with the help of Clemex PE3.5 image analysis software. The lowest liver glycogen levels in the study were obtained in groups 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8. Liver glycogen levels in group 5 were higher than groups 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8, but lower than groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). Groups 1 and 2 had the highest liver glycogen levels. The results obtained from the study indicate that liver glycogen levels which dropped in acute swimming exercise were restored by zinc administration and that diabetes induced in rats prevented the protective effect of zinc.Öğe The Effect of Low Dose Zinc Supplementation to Serum Estrogen and Progesterone Levels in Post-menopausal Women(HUMANA PRESS INC, 2008) Sunar, Füsun; Görmüş, Zülfikare Işık; Baltacı, Abdülkerim Kasım; Moğulkoç, RasimThe objective of the present study is to investigate how low-dose zinc supplementation for 2 weeks in the post-menopausal period influences levels of estrogen and progesterone in the serum. The study registered 32 natural menopause patients, who were allocated to four groups with equal number of patients. Group 1, control group, which was not subjected to any procedure. Group 2, the group that was supplemented with 15 mg/day zinc sulfate for 2 weeks. Group 3, the group that was given hormone replacement therapy (0.625 mg estrogen+ 5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate/day) for 2 weeks. Group 4, the group that received hormone replacement therapy (0.625 mg estrogen+5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate/day) and zinc sulfate (15 mg/day) for 2 weeks. Blood samples were collected twice from each subject, once at the beginning of the study, and once at the end of the 4-week procedure to determine estrogen (E2) and progesterone levels. Variance analysis was employed in the statistical evaluation of data. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05. No significant difference was found between the estrogen and progesterone levels of groups 1 and 2. Groups 3 and 4 had higher estrogen and progesterone levels than groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). Estrogen and progesterone levels in groups 3 and 4 were not different. Results of the study show that low-dose zinc supplementation to post-menopausal women for 2 weeks does not have a significant effect on the concerned parameters.
