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    Ajuga chamaecistus subsp scoparia (Boiss.) Rech.f.: A new source of phytochemicals for antidiabetic, skin-care, and neuroprotective uses
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2016) Movahhedin, Nasrin; Zengin, Gökhan; Bahadori, Mir Babak; Sarıkürkcü, Cengiz; Bahadori, Shahram; Dinparast, Leila
    The genus Ajuga is used traditionally as food and medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer's diseases, skin-protective, and antioxidant activities of essential oil and extracts of Ajuga chamaecistus subsp. scoparia (Boiss.) Rech.f., together with the identification of their chemical composition. The 1,1-dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazloine-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, reducing power, content of total bioactive compounds, general toxicity, and enzyme inhibitory potential of essential oil, ethanol extract, and water decoction of the plant were evaluated. Phenolics profile of the extracts was analyzed using the reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector and the chemical composition of the essential oil was determined using the gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy techniques. The essential oil could significantly inhibit the activity of alpha-glucosidase (4.3 mmol Acarbose equivalents/g), alpha-amylase (2.8 mmol Acarbose equivalents/g), acetylcholinesterase (1.96 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), butyrylcholinesterase (2.2 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), and tyrosinase (36 mg kojic acid equivalents/g) while ethanol and water extracts showed moderate enzyme inhibitory activity. Furthermore, essential oil had the strongest antioxidant capacity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging, 2,2-azino-bis (3ethylbenzothiazloine-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and metal chelating assays. Spathulenol (18.0%), thymol (15.1%), octen-3-ol (14.3%), and linalool oxide (11.2%) were identified as major constituents in the essential oil. Quantitative highperformance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, and ferulic acid are the main phenolic compounds in this plant. The results suggested that Ajuga chamaecistus could be useful for several applications as functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Functional components, antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer's disease, and antioxidant activities of Salvia syriaca L.
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2017) Bahadori, Mir Babak; Dinparast, Leila; Zengin, Gökhan; Sarikurkcu, Cengiz; Bahadori, Shahram; Asghari, Behvar; Movahhedin, Nasrin
    Antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer, general toxicity, and antioxidant activities of Salvia syriaca were evaluated. Phytochemical composition of the essential oil and methanolic extract of the plant were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector techniques, respectively. Essential oil of S. syriaca exhibited strong cytotoxicity, antioxidant, a-amylase, and a-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that spathulenol (87.4%), isospathulenol (7.6%), and bornyl acetate (2.7%) are the major compounds in essential oil. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that rutin, quercetin, apigenin, rosmarinic acid, and ferulic acid are the most abundant phenolic components. S. syriaca could be considered as a valuable source of bioactive natural compounds for functional foods, medical, and pharmaceutical applications.
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    Phenolic composition and functional properties of wild mint (Mentha longifolia var. calliantha (Stapf) Briq.)
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2018) Bahadori, Mir Babak; Zengin, Gökhan; Bahadori, Shahram; Dinparast, Leila; Movahhedin, Nasrin
    Mints (Mentha species) are widely used as food, medicine, spice, and flavoring agents. At the present work, phenolics profile of infusion and ethanol extract of Mentha longifolia was determined using an RP-HPLC-DAD system. Total bioactive contents, radical scavenging, reducing power, metal chelating, and enzyme inhibitory activities relevant to Alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus, and skin disorders were evaluated. Sixteen phenolic compounds (ten phenolic acids and six flavonoids) were identified in the extracts in which sinapic acid (7132 mu g/g extract) and rosmarinic acid (6260 mu g/g extract) were the most abundant compounds. Strong antioxidant effects were observed in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), cupric ion reducing activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating assays. Results indicated selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and high -amylase and -glucosidase inhibitory potential. Findings showed that M. longifolia has promising health benefits due to its high concentration of useful phenolic compounds and has great potential for possible applications in the preparation of functional ingredients.