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    In vitro enzyme inhibitory and anti-oxidant properties, cytotoxicity and chemical composition of the halophyte Malcolmia littorea (L.) R.Br. (Brassicaceae)
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2020) Castaneda-Loaiza, Viana; Placines, Chloe; Rodrigues, Maria Joao; Pereira, Catarina G.; Zengin, Gökhan; Neng, Nuno R.; Nogueira, Jose M. F.
    This work reports for the first time the in vitro anti-oxidant (towards DPPH, ABTS, copper and iron), enzymatic inhibitory (on AChE, BuChE, alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase and tyrosinase), cytotoxicity (towards HepG2 and HEK 293 cells), and metabolomics (by HPLC-MS) of extracts from organs of Malcolmia littorea (L.) R.Br. Extracts were constituted mainly by phenolic acids and flavonoids, and main compounds were salicylic acid and luteolin-7-O-glucoside. Samples showed reduced radical scavenging and metal chelating capacity, and only the methanol extracts reduced iron. The root's ethanol and methanol extracts, and the aerial organ's ethanol extract exhibited the highest AChE inhibition. The root's ethanol extract displayed dual anti-cholinesterase activity. Samples showed a low capacity to inhibit alpha-amylase, but a high alpha-glucosidase inhibition was obtained with the root's and flower's ethanol extracts, and flower's methanol extract. Overall, samples displayed a high inhibition against tyrosinase, reduced HepG2 cellular viability and were less toxic towards HEK 293 cells.
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    Insight into the biological properties and phytochemical composition of Ballota macrodonta Boiss. et Balansa, - an endemic medicinal plant from Turkey
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2018) Uysal, Şengül; Aumeeruddy-Elalfi, Zaahira; Zengin, Gökhan; Aktümsek, Abdurrahman; Mocan, Andrei; Custodio, Luisa; Neng, Nuno R.
    Ballota macrodonta Boiss. et Balansa., is a traditionally used endemic medicinal plant used to manage a plethora of diseases in Turkey. Nonetheless, few studies have endeavoured to highlight its therapeutic potential and its phytochemical profile. We hypothesized that B. macrodonta would possess multi-pharmacological propensities and bioactive compounds that would justify its use as a folk remedy. Aerial part of B. macrodonta was assessed for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzymatic inhibitory potential using different extraction solvents. The total bioactive components determination and compound identification using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) method were used to correlate the biological properties. HPLC-DAD profile showed the presence of 19 components (e.g. hydroxybenzoic acid, catechin hydrate, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, epicatechin, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin, and quercetin). The water and methanolic extracts showed high total phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. The overall antioxidant capacity of the water extract was higher than the one of the methanol extract. The extracts showed inhibitory activity against cholinesterases, tyrosinase, alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. The extracts also presented antimicrobial activity against eight Gram positive/negative bacteria (MIC - 0.05-0.15 mg/mL) and eight fungi (MIC - 0.0125-0.20 mg/mL). The presence of active biomolecules with multi-pharmacological properties makes B. macrodonta a potential source of health-promoting compounds that can be exploited as a novel medicinal herbal product.
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    Sea rose (Armeria pungens (Link) Hoffmanns. & Link) as a potential source of innovative industrial products for anti-ageing applications
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2018) Rodrigues, Maria J.; Pereira, Catarina A.; Oliveira, Marta; Neng, Nuno R.; Nogueira, Jose M. F.; Zengin, Gökhan; Mahomoodally, M. Fawzi
    This work explored for the first time the halophyte Armeria pungens (Link) Hoffmann. & Link (sea rose) as a potential source of industrial natural products with anti-ageing potential. In this sense, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol and water extracts were prepared from flowers, peduncles and leaves of sea rose and evaluated for in vitro antioxidant capacity by four complementary methods and enzyme inhibitory effects towards enzymes related with the onset of different diseases, namely acetyl-(AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), alpha-glucosidase, tyrosinase, lipase and elastase. The polyphenolic composition of the extracts was appraised by highpressure liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection analysis (HPLC-DAD). Nineteen phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts, including flavonoids, hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, and catechin was the main compound detected. The ethanol extract of sea rose leaves was the most effective as DPPH (IC50 = 83.7 mu g/mL) and ABTS (IC50 = 146 mu g/mL) scavenger, and also as a copper chelator (IC50 = 81.8 mu g/mL). The acetone peduncles' extract had the highest iron chelating activity (IC50 = 142 mu g/mL). Water and ethanol leaf extracts showed the uppermost AChE inhibition (water: IC50 = 87.6 mu g/mL; ethanol: IC50 = 90.3 mu g/mL). In turn, the ethanol flower extract had the lowest IC50 values towards a-glucosidase (26.7 mu g/mL) and tyrosinase (268 mu g/mL). The leaf ethanol extract had the highest capacity to inhibit elastase (IC50 = 531 mu g/mL), while none of the extracts had significant inhibitory activity on BuChE and lipase. In conclusion, ethanol extracts from leaves and flowers of sea rose showed to be the most promising source of natural products for industrial applications, with anti-ageing properties, namely neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-wrinkles and anti-melanogenic activities.