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Öğe An anatomic study for a modified technique for bypass of the external carotid artery to the proximal middle cerebral artery(SPRINGER, 2008) Cengiz, Sahika Liva; Ozturk, Kayhan; Cicekcibasi, Aynur Emine; Salbacak, Ahmet; Ustun, Mehmet ErkanWe aimed to evaluate whether bypass of the external carotid artery (ECA) to the middle cerebral artery (MCA) can be established by a short saphenous vein graft in order to increase the anastomosis patency. The method was performed to ten adult cadaver sides. We described a modified technique for bypass of the ECA to the M2 segment of MCA. The diameters of the vessels and graft length were measured by using an electronic micrometer. The mean diameter of the superior, middle, and inferior trunks of the MCA with trifurcation were 1.7 +/- 0.15, 2.2 +/- 0.25, and 2.0 +/- 0.2 mm, respectively, whereas the mean diameter of the superior and inferior trunks of the MCA with bifurcation were 2.1 +/- 0.2 and 2.3 +/- 0.3 mm, respectively. The mean diameter of the ECA was 3.75 +/- 0.4 mm. The mean length of the saphenous vein graft was 71.5 +/- 3.9 mm. The high-flow ECA to proximal MCA bypass using a short venous graft can supply enough blood flow to establish cerebral revascularization with a straighter route.Öğe The Course and Variations of the Branches of the Musculocutaneous Nerve in Human Fetuses(WILEY, 2009) Uysal, Ismihan Ilknur; Karabulut, Ahmet Kagan; Buyukmumcu, Mustafa; Unver Dogan, Nadire; Salbacak, AhmetThe course and branches of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) were dissected in 140 human fetal arms. The MCN entered the superior, middle, and inferior part of coracobrachialis in 43%, 37%, and 17% of arms, respectively, and the remaining 3% did not pierce coracobrachialis. The motor branches to biceps were classified as follows: Type 1 (83.6%): a single branch that bifurcated to supply the two heads of biceps; Type 2 (14.3%): two separate branches each innervating one head of biceps; Type 3 (2.1%): a single branch that bifurcated to supply each head of biceps plus an additional branch that innervated the distal part of biceps. The motor branches to brachialis were classified as follows: Type 1 (93.6%): a single branch to brachialis; Type 2 (6.4%): a single branch that bifurcated into two branches both supplying brachialis. Communications between the MCN and the median nerve (MN) were observed in 10% of specimens, of which three types (A, B, C) could be identified depending on their origin and union. In the most frequently observed type (13, 50% of cases) the communicating branch arose from the proximal part of the MCN and joined the MN in the middle or distal part of arm. The data presented here will be of use to surgeons, especially pediatric surgeons who undertake surgical procedures in the axilla and arm. Clin. Anat. 22:337-345, 2009. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Öğe Determination of the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on the percentages of peripheral blood leukocytes and histology of lymphoid organs of the mouse(SAUDI MED J, 2008) Cicekcibasi, Aynur E.; Celik, Ilhami; Salbacak, Ahmet; Ozkan, Yasemin; Okudan, Nilsel; Buyukmumcu, MustafaObjectives: To determine the effects of very weak, extremely low frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on the relative spleen weight, lymphoid organ histology, peripheral blood leukocyte and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase positive (ANAE-positive) lymphocyte percentages of the mouse. Methods: The study was carried out in Scientific Research and Application Center of Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey in 2005. A total of 120 Swiss albino mice were divided into 6 groups (20 in each group). The experimental animals were exposed to 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mu T flux intensities (rms) of EMF at 50 Hz for 40 days. Results: In the exposure groups with 20 animals, the body weight (BW) increased gradually in higher field intensities and reached at peak level in the 4 mu T, and then slightly decreased. The relative spleen weight (% of the BW) was not affected. The ELF-EMF treatment did not cause any significant change in lymphocyte, monocyte and ANAE-positive lymphocyte ratios, whereas percentages of neutrophils and basophiles changed non-linearly. Any change in the lymphoid organ histology, which is attributable to the field effect, was not observed in the exposure groups. Conclusion: Extremely low frequency-EMF exposure with the flux intensities between 1-5 mu T for 40 days did not cause any effect on the relative spleen weight, lymphoid organ histology, leukocyte and ANAE-positive lymphocyte percentages of the mouse.Öğe Developmental variations and clinical importance of the fetal thyroid gland - A morphometric study(SAUDI MED J, 2007) Cicekcibasi, Aynur E.; Salbacak, Ahmet; Seker, Muzaffer; Ziylan, Taner; Tuncer, Isik; Buyukmumcu, MustafaObjectives: To investigate the morphologic structures and developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland in human fetuses. Methods: This study performed in the Department of Anatomy, Meram Faculty of Medicine between February and April in 2002. Fetuses were obtained from the Gynecology Department of the Meram Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, and Dr. Faruk Sukan Maternity Hospital (Konya, Turkey). Sixty spontaneously aborted fetuses (30 boys and 30 girls) between the ages of 13.5th and 32.5th weeks, which had no detectable anomalies, were evaluated. The gland was dissected under the microscope. The location of the gland was determined according to the tracheal ring levels and laryngeal cartilage levels. The length, width and thickness of both lobes and isthmus of the gland were measured and then, the developmental anomalies were Me obtained data were statistically analyzed by Least Squares noted. in variant analysis. Results: Although there was no significant difference regarding to the gender for all parameters except in width of the right lobe (P<0.05), difference in the length and width of lobes and the length of isthmus between trimesters was significant (P<0.05). All measured parameters were increasing with advancing gestational age. Tbe pyramidal lobe was observed in 18.3% of the cases. Conclusion: Normal dimensions and developmental anomalies of the fetal thyroid, which was shown in this study, may provide useful information for the prenatal diagnosis and in-utero treatment of thyroid dysfunctions.Öğe Effects of Long-term 50 Hz Magnetic Field Exposure on the Micro Nucleated Polychromatic Erythrocyte and Blood Lymphocyte Frequency and Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions in Lymphocytes of Mice(Maghira & Maas Publications, 2010) Okudan, Nilsel; Çelik, İlhami; Salbacak, Ahmet; Çiçekçibaşı, Aynur Emine; Büyükmumcu, Mustafa; Gökbel, HakkıOBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the effects of weak extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on the nucleus size, the silver staining nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs), the frequency of micro nucleated peripheral blood lymphocytes (MPBLs) and the micro nucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MPCEs). METHODS: One hundred and twenty Swiss albino mice were equally divided into 6 groups. The study groups were exposed to 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mu T 50 Hz-EMFs for 40 days. Micronucleus number (MN) per PBL was determined.. RESULTS: ELF-EMF exposure caused a nonlinear decline of nucleus area. A sharp drop occurred in AgNOR area of 1 mu T group, and following it gained an insignificantly higher level than that of the control group. The field did not change mean AgNOR numbers per nucleus of the groups. Relative AgNOR area had the highest level in 1 mu T-exposure group, and the level was quite similar to that of the 5 mu T-exposure group. The remaining groups had significantly lower values quite similar to that of the control level. The field exposure at any intensity did not affect significantly the frequency of either MPBLs or MPCEs. The number of MN per PBL in the 4 and 5 mu T-exposure groups were significantly higher than those of the lower intensity exposure groups. The males in 4 mu T-exposure group displayed the highest MN number per PBL, whereas values changed in a nonlinear manner. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that <= 5 mu T intensities of 50 Hz EMFs did not cause genotoxic effect on the mouse.Öğe Fötuslarda Willis poligonu'na ait segmentlerin ölçülerinin araştırılması(1996) Büyükmumcu, Mustafa; Ziylan, Taner; Salbacak, Ahmet; Erongun, Uğur; Karabulut, A. KağanCirculus Arteriosus Cerebri (Willis Poligonu) ilk kez 1664 yılında Thomas Willis tarafından tanımlanmıştır. Biyolojik fonksiyonu beyni iskemiden korumak olan bu poligonun yetişkindeki örneği, fötusta en erken II. ayda farkedilmektedir. Çalışmada ortalama yaşları 20 hafta olan fötusların Willis poligonlarındaki damarlarm strüktürel anomalileri ile kalınlık ve uzunluklarının tesbit edilmesi amaçlandı. Bu amaçla poligonu oluşturan segmentler latex ile doldurularak, poligonların fotoğrafları çekildi. 19 segmental kalınlık ve sekiz segmentin uzunluk ölçüleri değerlendirildi. Poligonların tamamında arteriyel dolaşımın tam olduğu tesbit edildi. Willis poligonunu oluşturan tüm segmentlerin ortalama değerleri hesaplandı. Fötusların Willis poligonlarındaki segmentlerin en düşük ve en yüksek değerleri tesbit edildi.Öğe Histological and histomorphometric studies on the cerebellar cortex and silver stained nucleolus organizer regions of Purkinje neurons in chronic morphine-treated rats(UNIV ZAGREB VET FACULTY, 2018) Celik, Ilhami; Seker, Muzaffer; Salbacak, AhmetThe effects of chronic morphine administration on the rat cerebellum and silver stained nucleolus organizer regions in Purkinje cells were investigated by means of histological, histochemical and histometrical techniques. Thirty-two young (30-32 days of age) Wistar rats (equal numbers of both genders) were randomly divided into 2 groups, as control and morphine-treated, each having equal numbers of both genders, a total of 16 animals. The control animals were injected subcutaneously with 1mL/kg physiological saline, and the morphine-treated rats received 5 mg/kg morphine hydrochloride subcutaneously at daily intervals for 30 days. The thickness of the molecular and granular layers of the cerebellum, the diameters of the nuclei and nucleoli of cerebellar Purkinje neurones, and the number and size of the silver staining nucleolus organizer regions of the Purkinje cell nuclei were determined histomorphometrically. The morphine administration caused slight histological changes in the cerebellum. The molecular layer thickness of the cerebellum was significantly (P<0.05) reduced, and the decrease was mainly in the male animals. In contrast, the layer thickened insignificantly in the morphine-treated females. The granular layer thickened slightly but insignificantly in both genders of the morphinetreated group. The Purkinje cell count significantly decreased with morphine treatment. Nucleus size did not change with morphine treatment. However, morphine-treated animals had smaller nucleoli. It was concluded that morphine treatment caused significant histomorphological changes in the cerebellar cortex in a sexually dimorphic manner.Öğe I?nsan Fötuslarında Kalp Gelişiminin ve Kalbin Morfolojik Yapısının Diseksiyon Yöntemi ile Araştırılması(2000) Salbacak, Ahmet; Uysal, İ. İlknur; Büyükmumcu, Mustafa; Karabulut, A. KağanAmaç: Bu çalışmada 2. ve 3. trimestr insan fötuslarında kalbin normal gelişim modelinin belirlenmesi, sağ ve sol kalbe ait duvar kalınlıklarındaki değişikliklerin tespit edilmesi, interventriküler ve interatrial septum bölümlerinin kalınlık ve uzunluk ölçümlerinin yapılarak elde edilen verilerin gestasyonel yaşla ve cinsiyetle korelasyonunun araştırılması planlandı. Yöntem: Anatomi Anabilim Dalı fetus kolleksiyonundan alınan, dış görünümünde anomali gözlenmeyen, spontan abort 70 adet fötus kalbi kullanılarak 12 adet parametrik ölçüm alındı. Kalplerden alınan ölçüm verileri ile gestasyonel yaş arasındaki ilişki korelasyon analiz yöntemi ile istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi. Ayrıca verilerin tamamının her iki cins arasında, ve buna ilaveten duvar kalınlıklarının sağ-sol karşılaştırılması student-t testi ile yapıldı. Bulgular: Kalp duvar kalınlıkları ile gestasyonel yaş arasında anlamlılık derecesi değişmekle beraber tüm parametrelerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı linear regresyon saptandı. Ortalama değerlerin sağ tarafta tüm parametrelerde daha büyük olduğu gözlendi. Değerlendirilen parametrelerin 3’ünde cinsiyete göre önemli fark saptandı. Sonuç: Bu çalışma ile 2. ve 3. trimestr’da insan fötus kalp duvarlarının normal gelişimine ait veriler elde edilmiş olup, bu verilerin klinik uygulamalarda temel oluşturacağı kanaatindeyiz.Öğe İnsan fötuslarında Willis poligonuna ait varyasyonların araştırılması(1999) Büyükmumcu, Mustafa; Karabulut, A. Kağan; Şeker, Muzaffer; Ziylan, Taner; Salbacak, Ahmet; Erongun, UğurÇalışmada ortalama yaşları 20 hafta olan abort fötusların Willis poligonlarındaki varyasyonlar, bulundukları segmentler ve sıklıklarının araştırılması amaçlandı. Bu amaçla her bir poligonu oluşturan segmentler kırmızı lateks ile doldurularak, poligonların fotoğrafları çekildi. Çalışılan fötusların sekiz tanesinde (% 26) normal Willis poligonu gözlenirken, 24'ünde ise (%74) asimetrik poligon belirlendi. Poligonların tamamında arterlerin tam olduğu gözlendi. Poligonlarda bulunan varyasyon çeşitleri ve oranları kaydedildi. Poligonlardaki konfigurasyon oranları belirlendi. Bu çalışmada fötuslardaki varyasyon oranlarının yetişkinler için bildirilenlerden daha az olduğu ve üçüncü A2 insidansının yetişkinlerdeki oranlarla uyum gösterdiği tesbit edildi.Öğe Micronuclei Induction in Rat Embryonic Blood Cells Following Exposure to Different Modes of Electromagnetic Fields(NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2002) Aksoy, Melih; Acar, H.; Karabulut, K.; Salbacak, Ahmet; Uysal, I.; Kaynak, M.[Abstract not Available]Öğe A Modified Technique for Bypass of the External Carotid Artery to the Proximal Posterior Cerebral Artery: An Anatomical and Technical Study(Taylor & Francis as, 2006) Öztürk, Kayhan; Uysal, İlknur İsmihan; Arbag, Hamdi; Büyükmumcu, Mustafa; Üstün, Mehmet Erkan; Salbacak, AhmetConclusions. Our results support the proposition that bypass between the external carotid artery (ECA) and proximal posterior cerebral artery (PCA) can be achieved by using a short saphenous venous graft. The diameters of the ECA and vein graft may provide an increased blood flow with a straighter course. This technique may be helpful for management of patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency or those requiring a high volume blood flow to the posterior circulation. Objectives. We aimed to describe a modified technique using a short saphenous vein graft for bypass between the ECA and the PCA in order to use a small length of graft material and increase the patency of the anastomosis. Materials and methods. Ten sides of five cadavers were dissected bilaterally. After a frontotemporal craniotomy and zygomatic arch osteotomy, the middle cranial fossa was exposed. A hole located approximately 2 - 3 cm posterolateral to the foramen rotundum was created extradurally. The sylvian fissure and the interpedincular and ambient cisterns were opened. The proximal P2 segment of the PCA was identified. The ECA was found through a cervical incision. A short interposition saphenous vein graft was conducted to pass just behind the ramus mandible to the infratemporal fossa. The bypass between the ECA and P2 segment of the PCA was performed by using a short saphenous vein graft. The diameters of the ECA, P2 segment of PCA and both ends of the saphenous vein graft and its length were measured using an electronic micrometer. Results. The mean cross-clamping time of the PCA was 10.4 +/- 1.8 min. The mean diameters of the P2 segment of the PCA and ECA were 2.2 +/- 0.15 mm and 3.83 +/- 0.28 mm, respectively. The mean length of the saphenous vein graft was 88.8 +/- 3.8 mm.Öğe Morphometric Analyses of the Development of Nasal Cavity in Human Fetuses: An Anatomical and Radiological Study(ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, 2010) Yılmaz Altuntaş, Neslihan; Çiçekçibaşı, Aynur Emine; Emlik, Dilek; Yilmaz, Mehmet Tugrul; Keleş, Bahar; Salbacak, AhmetObjective: It was aimed to research the morphometric development of the nasal cavity with dissection and radiological scanning methods and to detect anatomical variations. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Departments of Anatomy and Radiology, Meram Medical Faculty, Selcuk University. Patients: Dissection stage was performed on 80 spontaneously aborted fetuses (40 males and 40 females) (63 second trimesters and 17 third trimesters) between 13 and 40 weeks of gestation. Radiological scanning stage was carried out on 40 spontaneously aborted fetuses (19 males and 21 females) (12 second trimesters and 28 third trimesters) with multi-detector computed tomography. Methodology: One hundred and sixty nasal cavities and related structures were examined by means of bilateral dissection. Reference images were obtained in the axial plane with 3-mm collimation using multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT; Sensation 64, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). These reference images were sent to the workstation (Leonardo, Siemens, Germany) and three-dimensional (axial, sagittal, and coronal) reformatted images with 1 mm thickness were obtained via multiplanar imaging method. Results: In the dissected fetuses 16 suprema nasal conchae were determined. Six (15%) NSDs (four towards the left and two towards the right) were detected on radiological sections. The angle between the virtual line from sphenoidal sinus ostium through limen nasi and the horizontal plane was 32.72 +/- 3.3 degrees on average. Conclusion: It was thought that some anatomic variations (e.g. suprema nasal concha, nasal septum deviation) occur in the fetal period; however, other certain differences (e.g. Onodi, Haller, and Agger nasi cells, concha bullosa) might be with effects of environmental factors (trauma and chronic infections) in postnatal period.Öğe The Origin of Gonadal Arteries in Human Fetuses: Anatomical Variations(Urban & Fischer Verlag, 2002) Çiçekçibaşı, Aynur Emine ; Salbacak, Ahmet; Şeker, Muzaffer; Ziylan, Taner; Büyükmumcu, Mustafa; Uysal, İsmihan İlknurTesticular arterial anatomy has been well studied because of its importance in testicular physiology, as well as testicular and renal surgery. In contrast to classical anatomical descriptions, it may originate from the suprarenal or lumbar arteries or a high-positioned origin, course behind the inferior vena cava or be doubled or arise from an inferior polar renal artery. Different developmental patterns as variations in relation to origin, course and number of the renal and gonadal arteries have been reported and discussed. This study was performed on 90 spontaneously aborted fetuses obtained from two different hospitals in Konya. The study was carried out on the testicular or ovarian arteries of fetuses fixed by immersion in 10% formalin. In all, 180 gonadal arteries were studied and 16 of them were found to have variations in their origin (8.8%). The variations of the gonadal artery origins could be classified into four types. The gonadal artery variations were more commonly found in male than the female fetuses and on the right side rather than the left. In the present study, it is clear that these variations are important not only from the developmental point of view or research interest, but they also may explain some pathological conditions. Knowledge of these variations may help to avoid the clinical complications especially during radiological examinations and/or surgical approaches in this region.Öğe Saphenous Vein Graft for Bypass of the Maxillary to Supraclinoid Internal Carotid Artery: An Anatomical Short Study(SPRINGER-VERLAG, 2001) Karabulut, Ahmet Kağan; Üstün, Mehmet Erkan; Uysal, İsmihan İlknur; Salbacak, AhmetThe use of a saphenous vein graft for bypass of the maxillary artery (MA) to the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) in internal! carotid: occlusions is investigated. Five adult cadaver sides were used. Dissection required zygpmatic arch osteotomy and a pterional craniotomy with extensive removal of the floor of the middle cranial, fossa. The MA was found easily media[ to infratemporal crest. The clinoidal segment of the ICA was exposed with the removal of the anterior clinoid process intradurally. The bypass graft was 4 to 5 cm long and was sutured end-to-end to the MA and end-to-side to: the supraclinoid ICA. When high blood flow is needed in cases with ICA occlusion, such a bypass may be an alternative to superficial temporal (STA)-to-middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass as well as to common carotid-to-MCA or-ICA bypass, which needs a long vein graft. This type of bypass will provide the opportunity to clip the ICA proximal to the origin of ophthalmic artery, which may inhibit distal embolization.Öğe Selective Restoration of Motor Function in the Ulnar Nerve by Transfer of the Anterior Interosseous Nerve - An Anatomical Feasibility Study(JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC, 2001) Üstün, Mehmet Erkan; Öğün, Tunç Cevat; Büyükmumcu, Mustafa; Salbacak, AhmetBackground: Proximal ulnar-nerve lesions have an unfavorable prognosis. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of selective restoration of motor function of the ulnar nerve by the transfer of the anterior interosseous nerve or one of its branches to the motor branch of the ulnar nerve. Methods: Ten cadaveric arms were used in the present study. The ulnar nerve and its motor and sensory branches as well as the anterior interosseous nerve and its branches were dissected. The widths of the motor branch of the ulnar nerve and the anterior interosseous nerve and its motor branches as well as the relevant distances from the points of divergence were measured. The axons were counted, and the distances from the end of the main anterior interosseous nerve, its motor branches, and the motor branch of the ulnar nerve to the level of the dorsal sensory branch of the ulnar nerve were measured. Results: Our results indicate that the length, width, and number of axons of the branch of the anterior interosseous nerve to the pronator quadratus make it suitable for transfer to the motor branch of the ulnar nerve. The use of the main anterior interosseous nerve or its motor branches to the flexor pollicis longus and the flexor digitorum profundus is less feasible because of the need to graft a long segment and the longer distance from the level of transfer to the motor end points. Conclusions: The findings of the present study confirm the feasibility of motor-nerve transfer for reconstruction after an injury of the ulnar nerve. Nerve-grafting would be needed for injuries distal to the level of the dorsal sensory branch of the ulnar nerve.Öğe Selective Restoration of Motor Function in the Ulnar Nerve by Transfer of the Anterior Interosseous Nerve: An Anatomical Feasibility Study(Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery Inc., 2001) Üstün, Mehmet Erkan; Öğün, Tunç Cevat; Büyükmumcu, Mustafa; Salbacak, AhmetBackground: Proximal ulnar-nerve lesions have an unfavorable prognosis. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of selective restoration of motor function of the ulnar nerve by the transfer of the anterior interosseous nerve or one of its branches to the motor branch of the ulnar nerve. Methods: Ten cadaveric arms were used in the present study. The ulnar nerve and its motor and sensory branches as well as the anterior interosseous nerve and its branches were dissected. The widths of the motor branch of the ulnar nerve and the anterior interosseous nerve and its motor branches as well as the relevant distances from the points of divergence were measured. The axons were counted, and the distances from the end of the main anterior interosseous nerve, its motor branches, and the motor branch of the ulnar nerve to the level of the dorsal sensory branch of the ulnar nerve were measured. Results: Our results indicate that the length, width, and number of axons of the branch of the anterior interosseous nerve to the pronator quadratus make it suitable for transfer to the motor branch of the ulnar nerve. The use of the main anterior interosseous nerve or its motor branches to the flexor pollicis longus and the flexor digitorum profundus is less feasible because of the need to graft a long segment and the longer distance from the level of transfer to the motor end points. Conclusions: The findings of the present study confirm the feasibility of motor-nerve transfer for reconstruction after an injury of the ulnar nerve. Nerve-grafting would be needed for injuries distal to the level of the dorsal sensory branch of the ulnar nerve.Öğe Transzygomatic-subtemporal approach for middle meningeal-to-P2 segment of the posterior cerebral artery bypass: An anatomical and technical study(THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC, 2006) Ustun, Mehmet Erkan; Buyukmumcu, Mustafa; Ulku, Cagatay Han; Guney, Oender; Salbacak, AhmetWe evaluated the use of a bypass between the middle meningeal artery (MMA) and P2 segment of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) as an alternative to an external carotid artery (ECA-to-PCA) anastomosis. Five adult cadaveric heads (10 sides) were used. After a temporal craniotomy and zygomatic arch osteotomy were performed, the dura of the floor of the middle cranial fossa was separated and elevated. The MMA was dissected away from the dura until the foramen spinosum was reached. Intradurally, the carotid and sylvian cisterns were opened. After the temporal lobe was retracted, the interpeduncular and ambient cisterns were opened and the P2 segment of the PCA was exposed. The MMA trunk was transsected just before the bifurcation of its anterior and posterior branches where it passes inside the dura and over the foramen spinosum. It was anastomosed end to side with the P2 segment of the PCA. The mean caliber of the MMA trunk before its bifurcation was 2.1 +/- 0.25 mm, and the mean caliber of the P2 was 2.2 +/- 0.2 mm. The mean length of the MMA used to perform the bypass was 32 +/- 4.1 mm, and the mean length of the MMA trunk was 39.5 +/- 4.4 mm. This bypass procedure is simpler to perform than an ECA-to-P2 revascularization using long grafts. The caliber and length of the MMA trunk are suitable to provide sufficient blood flow. Furthermore, the course of the bypass is straight.Öğe Unilateral Variations of Vessels and Nerves in the Neck(SOC CHILENA ANATOMIA, 2010) Unver Dogan, Nadire; Cicekcibasi, Aynur Emine; Fazliogullari, Zeliha; Yilmaz, Mehmet Tugrul; Uysal, Ismihan Ilknur; Salbacak, AhmetVariations of vessels and nerves in the left neck side, of 65 year old male cadaver, during the routine dissections, were detected. It was observed that the linguofacial trunk originated from external carotid artery and that the ascending pharyngeal artery originated from the occipital artery. It was determined that after the laryngeopharyngeales rami originated from the superior cervical ganglion, the branch wound around the origin of the superior thyroid artery. As an additional variation, the internal jugular vein divided. The cervical ansa and the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle passed through the parts of the vein. We think that these type of variation can entail important difficulties during radiologic and surgical procedures of the neck region. To know these anatomical variations, is important for the anatomist and surgeons.Öğe Variations and clinical importance of the superficial palmar arch(2007) Tağıl, Süleyman Murat; Çiçekcibaşı, Aynur Emine; Öğün, Tunç Cevat; Büyükmumcu, Mustafa; Salbacak, AhmetAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı eldeki arcus palmaris superficialis (APS)’in varyasyonlarını tespit etmek ve anormal APS ile m. palmaris longus (MPL) kasının yokluğu arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır. Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmamızda a. brachialis’lerinden kırmızı ile renklendirilmiş lateks ile doldurulmuş 20 kadavra eli diseke edilmiştir. Eldeki damarsal varyasyonlar ve MPL kasının varlığı veya yokluğu kaydedilerek fotoğraflanmıştır. Bulgular: APS’ler 15 elde (%75) komplet, 5 elde (%25) ise inkomplet olarak tespit edildi. APS’inde varyasyon bulunan ellerin %33’ünde MPL kasının bulunmadığı görüldü. MPL’u bulunmayan ellerin tümünde aponeurosis palmaris bulunmaktaydı. Sonuç: Arteryel onarımlar, damar greft uygulamaları ve a. radialis veya a. ulnaris bazlı pediküllü veya serbest flep uygulamaları gibi rekonstrüktif el cerrahisi prosedürleri öncesinde elin vasküler yapısı ortaya konulmalıdır.Öğe Variations of the Superficial Peroneal Nerve and Its Terminal Branches in the Turkish Newborn Fetuses(TURKISH NEUROSURGICAL SOC, 2012) Baş, Orhan; Bilgiç, Sait; Salbacak, Ahmet; Sönmez, Osman Fikret; Erkut, AdemAIM: The topography of the superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) and its terminal branches were studied, with the aim of providing further anatomical details for leg and foot in the Turkish newborn fetuses. MATERIAL and METHODS: Limbs from twenty newborn cadavers were dissected. The course of the SPN on the leg and its terminal branches on the foot were investigated. RESULTS: The SPN was lateral (75%), anterior (15%), or branched in both areas (10%) of the cases. The SPN in the dorsum of the feet branched further into medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (MDCn) and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (IDCn). In 82.5% of the cases the MDCn and the IDCn split into three and two branches, respectively. In 10% of the cases, the MDCn gave off three, and the IDCn one terminal branches. In 7.5% of the cases, the MDCn had three while the IDCn had two branches that communicated with the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve. CONCLUSION: The course of SPN on the anterolateral surface of the leg and its terminal branches on the dorsal surface of the foot were quite different. This unusual variant location will enable the surgeon to find and preserve the SPN and its terminal branches.
