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    CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF RIBES UVA CRISPA LINN. AND RIBES MULTIFLORUM KIT. EX ROMER AND SCHULTES EXTRACTS
    (INT JOURNAL PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES & RESEARCH, 2018) Duman, Rustem; Dogan, Hasan Huseyin; Dinc, Muhittin; Tuncer, Pinar
    To find new antiviral agents from natural sources, methanol and aqueous extracts of leaves and fruits of Ribes uva crispa and Ribes multiflorum naturally grown in Turkey were investigated as in vitro to reveal their antiviral activities against Herpes simplex virus type 1. All experiments were performed in 96-well plates and results were measured with XTT-based colorimetric assay. Results demonstrated that all extracts have no cytotoxic effect on vero cells at 10000 mu g/mL, while they also exhibited anti-HSV-1 activity with different percentages of protection (varying between 2.65% - 50.40%) in 10000 mu g/mL which was at the highest concentration in vero cells. 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of the extracts which were determined having percentage of protection against HSV-1 at concentrations lower than 10000 mu g/mL were calculated using GraphPad Prism Version 5.03 statistics program with non-linear regression analysis. These extracts were determined to have EC50 values ranging between 9710 - 70600 mu g/mL and selectivity index (SI) are ranging between 0.14 - 1.03. On the basis of these results we believe that it would be worthwhile expanding these studies to include additional species of Turkish plants.
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    EFFECT OF MORCHELLA CONICA AND FOMES FOMENTARIUS EXTRACTS AGAINST THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS IN-VITRO
    (INT JOURNAL PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES & RESEARCH, 2018) Dogan, Hasan Huseyin; Duman, Rustem; Tuncer, Pinar
    Antiviral properties of methanol and aqueous extracts from Morchella conica and Fomes fomentarius were assessed by colorimetric XTT test against human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). HEp-2 cell line was used for the cytotoxic and antiviral effects of the extracts. Non-cytotoxic concentrations of methanol and aqueous extracts of M. conica were tested in 50000 to 195 mu g/mL. In contrast, the cytotoxic F. fomentarius methanol and aqueous extracts and Ribavirin were tested at concentrations from 3347-13.1 mu g/mL, 4906.5-19.2 mu g/mL and 86.60-0.30 mu g/mL, respectively. The results showed that aqueous extract of F. fomentarius had strong anti-HRSV activity (EC50 = 358.7 mu g/mL, SI = 27.4) which could be compared with ribavirin (EC50 = 15.6 mu g/mL, SI = 11.1) used as a positive control against HRSV, while other extracts (M. conica methanol extract EC50 = 28055 mu g/mL, SI = >1.8; F. fomentarius methanol extract EC50 = 3000 mu g/mL, SI = 2.2) were found to have weak antiviral activity. As a result, it can be said that aqueous extract of F. fomentarius is worthy of further study as an alternative drugs in order to develop anti RSV.