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Öğe Acute oral toxicity of Nerium oleander distillate in rats(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2012) Dik, B.; Uney, K.; Ozdemir, O.; Demirci, S.; Yazihan, N. A.; Bas, A. L.[Abstract not Available]Öğe Distribution of hydrophilic and lipophilic antibacterial drugs in skim milk, cream, and casein(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2018) Ozdemir, Z.; Tras, B.; Uney, K.This study determined the distribution of drugs to different milk fractions according to their physicochemical properties. Hydrophilic drugs tend to concentrate in skim milk, whereas lipophilic drugs tend to concentrate in cream. The concentration of a drug in casein is related to its degree of binding to milk proteins. Thus, we aimed to determine whether withdrawal time in whole milk differs from that in cream, casein, and skim milk. Amoxicillin and tylosin were selected as proto type hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, respectively. The study was conducted in vitro and in vivo to determine whether in vitro conditions reflect the distribution of drugs in the different milk fractions in vivo. The in vivo study was conducted using a crossover design on 6 healthy Holstein dairy cattle. First, amoxicillin (i.m., single dose, 14 mg/kg) was administered to cows. Following a 1-wk washout period, tylosin (i.m., single dose, 15 mg/kg) was administered. Concentrations of amoxicillin and tylosin in milk and milk fractions were measured using HPLC-UV. In the in vitro study, 0.04 to 400 mu g/g of amoxicillin and 0.05 to 50 mu g/g of tylosin were spiked to drug-free milk and the concentrations in milk and milk fractions were measured. In addition, the percentage of total protein in milk and milk fractions was determined. Amoxicillin accumulated more in skim milk than in cream and casein, both in vitro (92%) and in vivo (73%, skim milk-to-whole milk ratio). The distribution of tylosin in whole and skim milk was similar to that of amoxicillin in the in vitro study, in contrast to the accumulation of tylosin in cream seen in vivo. However, the accumulation ratio of tylosin in cream was lower than expected. By either method, tylosin was less concentrated in casein than in skim milk and cream. The percentage of total protein was similar in skim milk and whole milk and higher than in cream. Thus, amoxicillin accumulates less in cream and casein, suggesting that these fractions would pose a lower risk to the consumer. Tylosin was still present at the maximum residue limit (50 mu g/kg) 24 h after injection in the casein fraction and 48 h after injection in the cream fraction.Öğe Effect of flunixin meglumin on the antioxidant status in endotoxemia(SCIENDO, 2007) Konyalioglu, S.; Er, A.; Uney, K.; Elmas, M.; Yazar, E.In this study, the effects of flunixin meglumin on the antioxidant status during endotoxemia were investigated. Thirty Balb/C mice were divided into three equal groups. Mice with no treatment formed the control group (group I). Mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS + flunixin meglumin (FM) formed groups II and III, respectively. An mice were sacrificed and tissue samples were collected 6 hours after treatments. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), as well as levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were determined spectrophotometrically. LPS caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in levels of MDA (heart, kidney, spleen) which is an accepted biomarker of oxidative stress, and changed the levels of SOD, GPX, CAT and GSH. When FM was administered simultaneously with LPS, FM inhibited (p < 0.05) the increase of MDA levels in an tissues. As results, LPS caused MDA levels and oxidative stress to increase. However, FM depressed the LPS induced increase of MDA levels. This antioxidant effect of FM may be beneficial in endotoxemia.Öğe Effect of laminarin and chitosan gel formulations on the treatment of hydrofluoric acid induced corneal burns in the rabbits(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2008) Hatipoglu, F.; Ogurtan, Z.; Sezer, A. D.; Uney, K.; Erol, M.; Ozdemir, O.; Bas, A. L.Corneal burns were induced in 36 New Zealand white rabbits by instillation in both eyes of 0.05 mL of 2% hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 60 seconds. Following this, the eyes were irrigated with 500 mL isotonic saline (ISOT) and then the rabbits were divided into 4 treatment groups (1) = 9 rabbits each) including: laminarin solution (LS), chitosan hydrogel (CHG), chitosan hydrogel containing laminarin (CHG+L) and ISOT as the control. For each treatment group, one drop of each regimen was instilled 2 times a day and for periods of 2, 7 and 14 days respectively. Thus, 3 rabbits were used for each treatment period in each treatment group. The eyes were clinically examined immediately after the chemical burning and at days 1, 2, 7 and 14 of the follow up periods. The animals were euthanatized at the end of the follow-up periods and eyes were processed for histopathological examination. Clinical and histopathological results revealed that while LS or ISOT was effective, CHG and CHG+L were not effective in the treatment of HF corneal burns. LS had a better therapeutic effect than ISOT. CHG and CHG+L treatment had no accelerating effect on the healing of: corneal erosion throughout the experimental procedures.Öğe Effect of tilmicosin on serum cytokine productions(WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC, 2009) Elmas, M.; Er, A.; Avci, G. E.; Bulbul, A.; Uney, K.; Yazar, E.[Abstract not Available]Öğe Effects of dexamethasone and fexofenadine on the penetration into brain and testes tissues of levofloxacin, a P-gp substrate(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2012) Cetin, G.; Tras, B.; Uney, K.[Abstract not Available]Öğe Effects of enrofloxacin, flunixin meglumine and dexamethasone on disseminated intravascular coagulation and cytokine levels in endotoxemia(WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC, 2009) Elmas, M.; Bulbul, A.; Avci, G. E.; Er, A.; Uney, K.; Yazar, E.; Tras, B.[Abstract not Available]Öğe Influence of Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced endotoxaemia on the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after intravenous administration in rabbits(BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 2006) Elmas, M.; Yazar, E.; Uney, K.; Er (Karabacak), A.The main goal of present study was to determine the effects of an Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced endotoxaemic status on disposition of enrofloxacin after a single intravenous dose (5 mg/kg) in rabbits. Septic shock was induced by the i.v. bolus administration at a single dose of E. coli lipopolysaccharide. Six adult New Zealand White rabbits were used. Concentrations of drug in plasma were determined by HPLC. The plasma pharmacokinetic values for enrofloxacin were best represented using a two-Compartment open model. Total plasma clearance (Cl-T) decreased from 2.11 (l/h/kg) in healthy animals to 1.50 (l/h/kg) in rabbits with septic shock, which is related to an increase in the AUCO(0 -> infinity). In endotoxaemic rabbits, volume of distribution at steady state (V-dss = 3.61 l/kg) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in healthy animals (V-dss = 4.97 l/kg). However, the elimination half-life of enrofloxacin was not affected by lipopolysaccharide administration.Öğe Pharmacokinetic disposition of enrofloxacin in brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) after oral and intravenous administrations(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2009) Koc, F.; Uney, K.; Atamanalp, M.; Tumer, I.; Kaban, G.In this study, the pharmacokinetic profile of enrofloxacin (EF) and its major metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CF), were investigated in brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) (n = 150) after intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administrations of a single dose of 10 mg kg(-1) body weight (b.w.) at 10 degrees C. The plasma concentrations of the drugs were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) from 0.08 to 120 h. Pharmacokinetic parameters were described by the two-compartment open model for intravenous and oral administrations, respectively. After intravenous administration, the elimination half-life (t(1/2 beta)), apparent volume of distribution at steady-state (V(ss)) and total body clearance (Cl(tot)) of enrofloxacin were 19.14 +/- 1.51 h, 3.40 +/- 0.18 L kg(-1) and 0.14 +/- 0.01 L kg h(-1), respectively. After oral administration, the maximum plasma concentration (C(max)), time of maximum concentration (t(max)) and bioavailability (F%) were 2.30 +/- 0.08 mu g mL(-1), 8 h and 78 +/- 4%, respectively. Ciprofloxacin was not detected in the present study. The elimination half-life for enrofloxacin following oral administration was longer than values calculated for other animals. After oral administration, the mean plasma concentration was well above the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs)-that is, >0.5 mu g mL(-1) at 36 h-for most gram-negative fish pathogens. It is possible and practical to obtain therapeutic blood concentrations of enrofloxacin in brown trout (S. trutta fario) using oral administration of 10 mg kg(-1) body weight; therefore, it may be effective in the therapy for brown trout diseases. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in the plasma of Japanese quail(NEW ZEALAND VETERINARY ASSOC INC, 2009) Koc, F.; Uney, K.; Ozturk, M.; Kadioglu, Y.; Atila, A.AIM: To determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of florfenicol in the plasma of healthy Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). METHODS: Sixty-five quail were given an I/V and I/M dose of florfenicol at 30 mg/kg bodyweight (BW). A two-period sequential design was used, with a wash-out period of 2 weeks between the different routes of administration. Concentrations of florfenicol in plasma were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: A naive pooled data analysis approach for the plasma concentration-time profile of florfenicol was found to fit a non-compartmental open model. After I/V administration, the mean residence time (MRT), mean volume of distribution at steady state (V(ss)), and total body clearance of florfenicol were 12.0 (SD 0.37) h, 8.7 (SD 0.22) L/kg, and 1.3 (SD 0.08) L/h/kg, respectively. After I/M injection, the MRT, mean absorption time (MAT), and bioavailability were 12.3 (SD 0.37) h, 0.2 (SD 0.02) h, and 79.1 (SD 1.79)%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The time for the concentration of florfenicol to fall below the probable effective concentration of 1 mu g/ml of approximately 10 h is sufficient for the minimum inhibitory concentration needed for many bacterial isolates. Further pharmacodynamic studies in quail are needed to evaluate a suitable dosage regimen.
