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Öğe Age and gender related changes in bronchial tree: a morphometric study with multidedector CT(VERDUCI PUBLISHER, 2016) Ulusoy, M.; Uysal, I. I.; Kivrak, A. S.; Ozbek, S.; Karabulut, A. K.; Paksoy, Y.; Unver Dogan, N.OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study are the identification of differences in the diameter, length, area and branching angles of the trachea and bronchi with gender and age, and the identification of trachea types by using MDCT images. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The thoracic MDCT images of 253 patients (0-74 years old, 142 male and 111 female) were evaluated. Tracheal diameter, tracheal cross-sectional area, diameter and length of bronchi, and several angles of the bronchial tree [e.g. subcarinal angles (SCA), interbronchial angles (IBA)] were measured. RESULTS: Average anteroposterior and transverse diameter of the trachea in adult patients were measured as 15.8 +/- 2.9 mm and 17.5 +/- 3.7 mm respectively. Average tracheal cross-sectional areas in adult patients were calculated as 160.7 +/- 41.3 mm(2) in females and as 275.7 +/- 57.3 mm(2) in males. Four types of trachea were identified as circular (68% in adults, 73% in children), oval (13%, 15%), rectangular (11%, 5%) and horseshoe shaped (8%, 7%). The average right and left SCA were calculated as 34.5 degrees +/- 8.1 degrees and 38.1 degrees +/- 8.9 degrees respectively. The average right and left IBA were calculated as 32.4 degrees +/- 7.7 degrees and 35.2 degrees +/- 8.1 degrees respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study may be helpful during bronchoscopy and tube and stent application procedures. MDCT seems to be a convenient technique for the evaluation of the bronchial tree.Öğe Effects of Morphine on the Rat Lymphoid Organs and Adrenal Glands: Results of Enzyme Histochemical and Histometric Investigations(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2001) Salbacak, A.; Çelik, I.; Karabulut, A. K.; Özkan, Y.; Uysal, I. I.; Çiçekçibaşı, A. E.Effects of morphine on the rat lymphoid tissues and adrenal glands were investigated by means of histological, histometrical and enzyme histochemical methods. The experimental animals were treated with 5 mg/kg morphine hydrochloride at daily intervals for 30 days. Morphine treatment caused severe lymphoid cell depletion from spleen, thymus and lymph nodes whereas, ileal Peyer's patches were affected moderately. Both peripheral blood lymphocyte percentage and ANAE-positive lymphocyte frequency in the lymphocyte fraction decreased. The changes in lymphoid organs provide morphological evidence for morphine induced immune suppression. Along with these, observation of the thickening of the adrenal cortex and medulla might show that morphine induced immuno suppression may occur via increased glucocorticoid secretion.Öğe Investigation of Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenicity of Antiemetics on Rat Embryos Cultured In Vitro(WILEY, 2013) Fazliogullari, Z.; Karabulut, A. K.; Uysal, I. I.; Unver Dogan, N.; Acar, H.In this study, we aimed to investigate and compare the direct toxic and teratogenic effects of dimenhydrinate, metoclopramide and trimethobenzamide HCl, antiemetic drugs on embryonic growth and development in cultured rat embryos. Embryos were explanted on day 9.5 of gestation and cultured. Whole rat serum was used as a culture medium for the control group while different concentrations of dimenhydrinate (2.5-20 mu g/ml), metoclopramide (10-50 mu g/ml) and trimethobenzamide HCl (25-100 mu g/ml) were added to serum for the experimental groups. Effects of antiemetics on embryonic developmental parameters were compared, and embryos were evaluated for the presence of any malformations. Also, the total DNA was extracted from the cells to determine the fragmentation of nuclear DNA of embryonic cells. Compared with the control embryos, the antiemetics significantly decreased all growth and developmental parameters dose dependently. There was no difference regarding the fragmentation of nuclear DNA of the all used agents and controls. Amongst the agents, trimethobenzamide HCl was found to have more toxic and teratogenic potential, and metoclopramide appears to be the least toxic antiemetic and therefore could be more safely used and might be preferred for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.Öğe Investigation of developmental toxicity and teratogenicity of macrolide antibiotics in cultured rat embryos(WILEY, 2008) Karabulut, A. K.; Uysal, I. I.; Acar, H.; Fazliogullari, Z.Macrolides are considered to be one of the safest anti-infective groups in clinical use, with severe adverse reactions being rare. However, there are limited data about their embryotoxicity and teratogenicity. We aimed to investigate and compare the effects of these agents on embryonic growth and development. Rat embryos were cultured in vitro for 48 h in rat serum. Whole rat serum was used as a culture medium for the control group while different concentrations of spiramycin and azithromycin (1.25-6.25 mu g/ml), and clarithromycin (2.5-30 mu g/ml) were added to rat serum for the experimental groups. Dose-dependent effects of macrolides on embryonic developmental parameters were compared using morphological methods. Embryos were evaluated for the presence of any malformations. After morphological examination of the embryos, total DNA was extracted from the cells using standard procedures to determine fragmentation of nuclear DNA of embryonic cells. When compared with the control embryos, the macrolides significantly decreased all growth and developmental parameters dose dependently. While clarithromycin was found to cause more developmental toxicity than spiramycin and azithromycin, azitromycin was determined to have more teratogenicity potential. Compared with controls, there was no difference regarding the fragmentation of nuclear DNA of all the agents used. According to these results, when the toxic and teratogenic potential of the used agents compared, because of the lower toxic and teratogenic effects observed with spiramycin, this agent may be preferred for parturients.Öğe Multiple Variations of the Abdominal Aorta in a Single Cadaver(SINGAPORE MEDICAL ASSOC, 2010) Uysal, I. I.; Çiçekçibaşı, A. E.; Yılmaz, M. T.; Şeker, M.; Şanlı, O.Numerous variations of the abdominal aorta were observed during a routine dissection of the abdominal region in a 60-year-old male cadaver in the Department of Anatomy, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Turkey. In the present case, a common inferior phrenic trunk arose from the abdominal aorta and then divided into two branches. The left gastric artery arose from the front of the abdominal aorta, with an accessory right hepatic artery arising from the superior mesenteric artery. Although the single right renal artery originated from the abdominal aorta, double left renal arteries were found to originate from the abdominal aorta. Knowledge of these variations could help surgeons to identify and protect the abdominal aorta during surgery.