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    Changes in nitric oxide level and superoxide dismutase activity during antimanic treatment
    (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2007) Gergerlioglu, H. Serdar; Savas, Haluk A.; Bulbul, Feridun; Selek, Salih; Uz, Efkan; Yumru, Mehmet
    Oxidant nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) have been implicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorders. This is the first prospective study aimed to evaluate NO levels and SOD activity in bipolar disorder (type I manic episode) (BD-ME). 29 inpatient subjects with BD-ME and 30 healthy controls were included. Serum NO levels and SOD activity have been studied at 1st (NO [1st] and SOD [1st] respectively) and 30th days (NO [30th] and SOD [30th] respectively) after treatment. The clinical outcome was measured by Bech-Rafaelson Mania Scale (BRMS). The mean NO [1st] (p <.001) and NO [30th] levels (p <.00 1) were higher than controls, but SOD [ I st] (p <.001) and SOD [30th] (p <.001) activities in BD-ME were lower than controls. SOD1 activity was higher than SOD [30th] (p <.001), while there was no significance in comparison between NO [1st] and NO [30th] (p <.05). SOD [30th] activity is negatively correlated with the number of previous manic attacks and NO [1st] was negatively correlated with sleep item score of BRMS at first day. Also there was a significant correlation between NO [1st] levels and with the existence of a delusion. NO and SOD appear to play a role in the pathophysiological events occurring in BD, especially in BD-ME. This study for the first time showed the possible role of NO on sleep and the generation of delusions in the pathophysiology of BD. In the light of literature, induced glutamate pathway might be responsible for delusions in BD. The results of this research need further investigation to understand the oxidative vs antioxidative process in BD. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Changes in nitric oxide level and superoxide dismutase activity during antimanic treatment (vol 31, pg 697, 2007)
    (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2007) Gergerlioglu, H. Serdar; Savas, Haluk A.; Bulbul, Feridun; Selek, Salih; Uz, Efkan; Yumru, Mehmet
    [Abstract not Available]
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    The course of nitric oxide and superoxide dismutase during treatment of bipolar depressive episode
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2008) Selek, Salih; Savas, Haluk A.; Gergerlioglu, H. Serdar; Bulbul, Feridun; Uz, Efkan; Yumru, Mehmet
    Background and aims: Studies have already pointed out a possible pathophysiological role of oxidative and antioxidative molecules in bipolar disorder. We aimed to evaluate the activity and levels of antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), and oxidant nitric oxide (NO), in bipolar I depressive episode (BD-DE) patients in a prospective design. Method: 30 BD-DE patients, diagnosed according to DSM IV, and 30 healthy volunteer controls were included. The serum levels of NO and SOD have been studied when admitted to hospital (1st) and on the 30th days. Clinical outcome was measured by Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D). The patients were allowed to have their treatments. One patient was dropped out due to insufficient sampling. Results: As in the previous studies, NO 1st day levels were significantly higher in patients and SOD 1st day activity was significantly low (p < 0.0 1). NO levels significantly decreased (p < 0.0 1) and normalized, as SOD activity significantly increased but did not reach to the controls' levels (p < 0.01) on the 30th day. Conclusion: Despite normalized NO levels, persistent low SOD activity might point out an oxidative imbalance in BD-DE. Chronic low SOD activity may be associated with incapacity of coping with oxidative stress. This research connotes the probable oxidative imbalance in BD-DE and discusses that phenomenon within the continuum of the disease state. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Early Contrast Sensitivity Loss and Oxidative Damage in Healthy Heavy Smokers
    (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2003) Hepşen, İbrahim Feyzi; Uz, Efkan; Söğüt, Sadık; Büyükbaş, Sadık; Akyol, Ömer
    Objective: The purpose of this study was 1) to evaluate visual functions and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in plasma and erythrocytes in smokers in comparison with non-smokers, 2) to evaluate the correlations between visual functions and the oxidant/antioxidant system. We hypothesized that the changes in antioxidant system and consequently lipid peroxidation depend on smoking may affect sophisticated visual tests including contrast sensitivity (CS) and pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP). Subjects: This non-randomised control study included 24 chronic, heavy smokers who were smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day at least for last 10 years. Sixteen age and sex-matched, healthy, non-smokers were taken as controls. All volunteer subjects were accumulated from the outpatient clinic. To rule out the effect of alcoholism and malnutrition, we chose young, healthy heavy smokers who maintained adequate diet and who had no alcohol consumption history. Following visual acuity and color vision tests, all subjects were applied to CS and PVEP tests. Values of CS, N75-P100 amplitude and P100 wave latency were compared between the study and control subjects. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in plasma and erythrocytes were determined by spectrophotometer. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level, as an end product of lipid peroxidation, was assessed by spectrofluorometric method. Results: CS was determined to be significantly reduced in smokers compared to nonsmokers, although central vision and PVEP responses were not affected. Erythrocyte SOD activity and plasma MDA levels were significantly increased in smokers compared to controls. There were positive correlations between plasma SOD and erythrocyte SOD; CS and erythrocyte SOD; and CS and plasma SOD. Conclusions: The results suggest the possible association between early CS loss and increase in antioxidant enzyme activities thus reflecting an increased oxidative damage due to cumulative effect of chronic smoking. Elevated concentrations of lipid peroxidation products in the plasma of smokers may directly show the increased oxidative damage in these subjects.
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    Sağlıklı Kişilerde Malondialdehit ve Konjuge Dien ile Yaş İlişkisi
    (2000) Büyükbaş, Sadık; Gürel, Ahmet; Uz, Efkan; Bodur, Sait
    Amaç: Bu çalışma, malondialdehit (MDA) ve konjuge dien (CD) gibi lipit peroksidasyon (LPO) ürünlerinin yaş ile ilişkisini araştırmayı amaçlar, Yöntem: Toplam 195 gönüllü, onarlı yaş gruplarına göre yedi gruba (19 yaş ve altı, 20-29 yaş, 30-39 yaş, 40-49 yaş, 50-59 yaş, 60-69 yaş, ve 70 ve üzeri yaş) ayrıldı. Gönüllülerin plazma örneklerinde MDA ve CD düzeyleri, tiobarbitürik asit (TBA) ve Buege yöntemleri ile saptandı. Bulgular: MDA değerleri 50 yaşa kadar her on yaşta anlamlı artış göstermekte; ikinci önemli artışını ise 60-69 yaş grubunda göstermektedir (P0,05), CD düzeylerinde ise tüm dekatlarda bir önceki dekada göre anlamlı artış bulundu (P0.05). MDA ve CD kendi aralarında ve yaş ile kuvvetli pozitif korelasyona sahipti. 70 yaş ve üzerinde MDA ve CD düzeylerinin yaş ile olan doğrusal ilişkisinin bozulması dikkat çekti. Sonuç: Plazma MDA ve CD düzeyleri yaşla birlikte artmaktadır. Bu nedenle yaş ilerledikçe antioksidan savunmaya yardımcı olmak amacıyla günlük diyete antioksidan eklenmesi ve kalori kısıtlaması yararlı olur.