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Öğe Bovine Coronavirus (BoCV) Infection in Calves with Diarrhoea and Their Dams(UNIV FED RIO GRANDE DO SUL, 2016) Yavru, Sibel; Yapici, Orhan; Kale, Mehmet; Sahinduran, Sima; Pehlivanoglu, Faruk; Albay, Metin Koray; Avci, OguzhanBackground: Bovine coronavirus (BoCV) is common with high seroprevalence in dairy cattle. It is reported in many countries. Also, BoCV causes diarrhea in dairy calves. The transmission of BoCV is the fecal-oral/aerosol-nasal routes. Feces from clinical cases or clinically normal dairy cattle are source of infection, also contamination of feed and water. The purpose of the current study was to investigate BoCV infection in diarrheic calves (age and sex) and their dams (age). For this reason, the serological and virological methods were used. Haematological parameters of the calves and their dams were compared using the statistical methods. Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, following clinical examination of 3500 cattle and their calves from 25 number of dairy farms 184 calves with diarrhoea and their dams (183) (>= 2 - <= 6 age) were sampled for BoCV presence by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, all blood samples were examined by hematological methods. 172 (93.99%) cows and 172 (93.99%) calves were found antibodies (Ab) positive (+). The high levels of Ab for BoCV were detected as 36.05 % in dams 6 years and older ages. In the calves, Ab to BoCV were found at the highest level (25.26%) in the female calves >= 5 - <= 6 months ages. BoCV antigen (Ag) was detected in only faecal sample of a (0.54%) calf. When the haematological parameters were compared between BoCV Ab (+) and BoCV Ab negative (-) dams, only white blood cell (WBC) values were found statistically significant (P < 0.05). When the haematological parameters were compared between BoCV Ab (+)/Ag (-) and BoCV Ab (-)/Ag (-) calves, WBC (P < 0.05), lymphocyte (P < 0.01) and granulocyte (P < 0.01) values were found statistically important. When the haematological parameters were compared between BoCV Ab (+)/Ag (+) and BoCV Ab (-)/Ag (-) calves, both lymphocyte and granulocyte values were statistically important (P < 0.01). Discussion: BoCV infection has found worldwide among cattle of all ages. The disease results in major economic losses in dairy herds that result from treatment costs and calf deaths. One hundred seventy two out of 183 mothers whose blood sampling was done were detected as seropositive. Many researchers found similar results in dairy cattle. It was detected the highest seropositivity in cattle more than six years old. One hundred seventy two blood samples out of 184 calves were detected seropositive. Also, the highest seropositivity was detected among of > 5 and < 6 months of age. BoCV Ag (+) presence was detected in only one faecal sample of one calf out of 184. Researchers were found same or higher BoCV Ag(+) rates in faeces of diarrheic calves. In the study lymphocyte counts of seropositive cows and in Ab(+)/Ag(+) calves determined decrease. However, the counts in seropositive calves were increased. Leukocytes levels were also high in seropositive calves. Haematocrit values were decreased in seropositive cows, calves and in Ab(+)/Ag(-) calves. BoCV infections were detected at low level in diarrheic calves. But, BoCV seropositive mature and diarrheic calves were found at high levels. Haematological application methods could be used to be supportive with the serological and virological methods. All farm managements should be maintained with strict hygiene practices. Milking bottle, calf pens or hutches need to be sanitized. The calves must be prevent contamination from faeces and urine of other calves. The protective vaccination must be applied all animals.Öğe Bovine Leukemia Virus Antibodies in Dairy Cattle Farms and Milk Cooling Tanks(UNIV FED RIO GRANDE DO SUL, 2014) Kale, Mehmet; Hasircioglu, Sibel; Yavru, Sibel; Yapici, Orhan; Gur, Sibel; Avci, Oguzhan; Sunar, OmerBackground: Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus. It is common infectious viruses of cattle with worldwide distribution. Milk from infected cows often contains BLV-infected cells are a common cause of infection. Eradication and control of BLV is based on early diagnostic. Both serum and milk samples can be tested by ELISA and it is possible to test either individual samples or, at a herd level, milk cooling tanks (MCT) samples. The aim of this study is to determine BLV antibodies (Abs) in the MCT, milk cans, and individual blood and milk samples of dairy cows in dairy cattle managements located in Burdur center and its districts and to follow and study the infection on the milk production chain. Materials, Methods & Results: Milk samples were collected from 50 main MCT. Studies were carried out in the managements that seven BLV Ab (+) and seven Ab (-) in their main MCT were located. For this purpose, milk samples were collected from mixed milk cans that were collected from managements providing milk for main MCT. Blood and milk samples were collected from dairy cows, housed in managements where BLV Ab (+) and Ab (-) was detected. Highest and lowest percent BLV (+) management, percent BLV (+) can numbers and percent milk amount were in 1 ton and 2 ton MCT, respectively. Moreover, these parameters were paralleled in all MCT. Percent BLV (+) and milk amounts were highest in 3 ton MCT and lowest in 2 ton MCT. In addition, these parameters were paralleled in all MCT. Distributions in BLV (+) managements ranged from 15 to 75%. It was detected at the individual animal levels, BLV (+) milk sample distributions ranged between 7.4 and 38.4%. Age range of the BLV (+) cows was between 3 and 11 years. Individual BLV tests between milk and serum samples were correlated positively in 5 managements (71.4%). On the other hand, the correlation was not detected in 2 of the managements (28.6%) that the individual milk and serum samples were collected. BLV (+) managements (%), BLV (+) cans (%) and milk volumes (%) were highest in 1 ton MCT and lowest in 3 ton MCT as BLV Ab (-). In addition, these 3 parameters were correlated in all MCT. BLV (+) cow numbers (%) and milk yields of the cows (%) were also correlated in all MCT. Although the MCT were found to be BLV (-), 3.9-37.5 % of the managements that provided milk to BLV (-) MCT were BLV (+). Furthermore, only 7.2-9.2 % of individual milk tests for the cows in managements that provided milk into BLV (+) MCT was BLV (+). Age of the BLV (+) animals was ranged between 3 and 11 in all MCT. The individual BLV tests between milk and serum samples were correlated positively in two managements (28.6 %). On the other hand, the correlation was not detected in 5 of the managements (71.4 %) that the individual milk and serum samples were collected. Discussion: The current study concluded that sampling milk cans is more appropriate than sampling MCT for BLV program. There was a correlation among the number of BLV (+) managements providing milk to milk tanks, number of cans and amount of milk in the cans. Furthermore, there was a correlation between the number of BLV (+) animals and milk volume of BLV (+) animals. Stage of a lactation period could be important for BLV screening since this appeared to affect the BLV test outcomes. There were also no effects of BLV infection on the milk yield and were no correlations between the individual blood and milk sample tests from the same animals. Moreover, blood samples of the cows with Ab (-) milk samples should be tested individually for BLV infection.Öğe Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Infection in Relation to Fertility in Heifers(JAPAN SOC VET SCI, 2011) Kale, Mehmet; Yavru, Sibel; Ata, Ayhan; Kocamuftuoglu, Mesih; Yapici, Orhan; Hasircioglu, SibelIn this study, blood scrum and leukocyte samples were collected from 400 Holstein heifers, all of which appeared to be healthy. Antibodies (Ab) against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were detected in 57 serum samples, and BVDV antigen (Ag) was detected in 38 leukocyte samples. There were statistically important differences between the average first insemination ages (FIT) of the BVDV (Ag-/Ab+) heifers (p<0.0001) (pregnant p<0.05, nonpregnant p<0.0001) and BVDV (Ag-/Ab-) heifers. The average conception rates (CR) of BVDV (Ag-/Ab+) heifers and BVDV (Ag-/Ab-) heifers were not significant statistically. There were statistically important differences in average FIT between persistent infected (PI) BVDV (Ag+/Ab-) heifers (p<0.0001; PI pregnant p<0.05, PI nonpregnant p<0.0001) and BVDV (Ag-/Ab-) heifers. No significant differences in average CR between PI BVDV (Ag+/Ab-) heifers and BVDV (Ag-/Ab-) heifers were found. The differences in average FIT between BVDV (Ag+/Ab+; p<0.0001; nonpregnant p<0.0001) and BVDV (Ag-/Ab-) heifers were important statistically. Although there were no BVDV (Ag+/Ab+) pregnant heifers, the differences in average CR between BVDV (Ag+/Ab+) pregnant heifers and BVDV (Ag-/Ab-) heifers were found to be statistically important (p<0.0001). We conclude that fertility is affected in heifers with BVDV (Ag-/Ab+, Ag+/Ab- and Ag+/Ab+).Öğe Canine coronavirus infection in dogs in Turkey: Virological and serological evidence(AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE, 2016) Avci, Oguzhan; Bulut, Oya; Yapici, Orhan; Hasircioglu, Sibel; Simsek, AtillaIn the present study, virological and serological investigations were performed to determine the presence and prevalence of Canine corona virus (CCoV) infection in dog population in Turkey. Sera samples were analyzed for specific antibodies against CCoV by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) while leukocyte samples were inoculated onto monolayers of Madin Darby Canine Kidney permanent cell culture. The cells were examined for viral antigen by direct immunofluorescence (IF) test after third passage. CCoV seropositivity was found in 46 (24.46%) of 188 dogs by indirect ELISA while only one leukocyte sample (0.53%) was detected as antigen positive by IF. Seropositive and antigen identification results were considered as indication of infection. From the results of this study it can be concluded that CCoV infection is widespread in the Turkish dog population and the virus may be attributed to be one of the important viral agents in dogs. In conclusion diagnosis of CCoV is difficult because it can easily be mixed with respiratory, enteric and generalized infections by other viral, bacterial and parasitic agents, but diagnosis and the vaccine application are essential for the control and prevention of CCoV infections.Öğe Effect of Different Storage Temperatures on the Stability of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus RNA in Blood Samples(UNIV AGRICULTURE, FAC VETERINARY SCIENCE, 2015) Avci, Oguzhan; Bulut, Oya; Yapici, Orhan; Simsek, Atilla; Yavru, Sibel; Dik, Irmak; Atli, KamilThe present study was conducted to determine stability of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) RNA stored at different temperatures. A total of 6 blood samples obtained from a private cattle farm, which were found to be antigen positive (Ag+) by direct ELISA method, were used in this study. BVDV Ag+ samples were stored separately at 4, 21 and 37 degrees C for 1 month. The samples were analyzed on the 0, 1(st), 2(nd), 3(rd) and 4(th) weeks by ELISA for the presence of BVDV Ag and by RT-PCR for the presence of BVDV RNA. Stability of BVDV RNA was calculated using maximum concentration (C-max) and area under the curve (AUC) as kinetic parameters of each sample. All of the samples were found positive both by ELISA and RT-PCR on each week. Cmax values of BVDV RNA for the storage temperatures of 4, 21 and 37 degrees C were 356, 346 and 338 ng/mu L respectively, and AUC(0 -> 4) values for the same temperatures were 1151, 1106 and 1077 week. ng/mu L respectively. It was determined that storage at different temperatures for one month does not statistically influence the kinetic parameters of BVDV RNA (P>0.05). In conclusion, it can be expressed that storage of BVDV RNA at 4, 21 and 37 degrees C for one month has no effect on the stability of BVDV RNA. (C) 2015 PVJ. All rights reservedÖğe EFFECTS OF BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHOEA VIRUS ON THE FERTILITY OF COWS(AKADEMIAI KIADO RT, 2013) Yavru, Sibel; Kale, Mehmet; Gulay, Mehmet Sukru; Yapici, Orhan; Bulut, Oya; Ata, AyhanThe aim of the present study was to determine the possible relationship between bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus infection and the appearance of cervical mucous discharge (CMD) and the reproductive performance of cows in oestrus. For this purpose, CMD from 97 Holstein cows in oestrus was evaluated visually before artificial insemination (AI). Cows in oestrus were inseminated with frozen semen free from BVD virus (BVDV). Blood samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for antigen (Ag) and antibodies (Ab) of BVDV. The presence of the BVDV genome in cervical mucus samples was tested by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The presence of BVDV Ab, Ag or genome was not associated with abnormal cervical mucous discharge (A-CMD). However, the presence of BVDV Ag (but not of the BVDV Ab) in blood samples was associated with a lower first service conception rate (FSCR; 27.8 vs. 70.9%; P < 0.01), indicating that BVDV viraemia at the time of AI has a negative effect on the fertility of cows.Öğe The first serological evidence for Rift Valley fever infection in the camel, goitered gazelle and Anatolian water buffaloes in Turkey(SPRINGER, 2017) Gur, Sibel; Kale, Mehmet; Erol, Nural; Yapici, Orhan; Mamak, Nuri; Yavru, SibelRift valley fever (RVF), a vector-borne zoonotic disease, is caused by a phlebovirus (family Bunyaviridae). The virus was initially characterized approximately 80 years ago in Kenya and disseminated to many countries in the continental Africa, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. The infection has not been reported in Turkey. In this study, blood serum samples collected from camel (Camelus dromedairus), goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa), and buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis linneaus) from 2000 to 2006 were investigated for RVF using C-ELISA. Camel samples (n = 72) were obtained from private small enterprises in AydA +/- n province in theAegean region. Gazella samples (82) were taken from the biggest captive gazelle herd in AanlA +/- urfa province in the southeast Anatolia. Buffalo samples were collected mostly from small private family type farms in Afyon (168), Amasya (80), Samsun (69), Ankara (35), Sivas (21), Tokat (19), Konya (10), and ElazA +/- g (8) provinces in the central, north, west, and east Anatolia. All of the gazella samples were negative; whereas, one of the 71 camel samples (1.3%) was positive for RVF-specific antibodies. Buffalos from Sivas, Tokat, Konya, and ElazA +/- g provinces were negative. However, 35 of the 410 samples (8.5%) from rural areas in the following four provinces were positive: Amasya (12/80, 15%), Ankara (5/35, 14.2%), Samsun (8/69, 11.5%), and Afyon (10/168, 5.9%). To our knowledge, this is the first report of presence of RVF infection in Turkey.Öğe Serologic Investigation for West Nile Virus Infection in Commercial Domestic Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)(MEDWELL ONLINE, 2012) Yapici, Orhan; Kale, Mehmet; Gur, Sibel; Mamak, Nuri; Yavru, Sibel; Hasircioglu, Sibel; Bulut, OyaIn this study, West Nile Virus antibody presence (WNV) in white leghorn chickens located in various commercial domestic chicken establishments in Konya was studied serologically. Blood sampling from 380 white leghom chickens within the age range of 20-40 weeks was carried out. Blood serum samples were studied by West Nile Competition ELISA kit. All samples were found seronegative.Öğe Serological and virological investigation of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus infection in cattle with abortion problem(Selçuk Üniversitesi Veterinerlik Fakültesi, 2013) Bulut, Oya; Avci, Oguzhan; Yapici, Orhan; Yavru, Sibel; Simsek, AtillaAmaç: Bu çalışma Konya’da abort problemli bir sığırcılık işletmesinde Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) enfeksiyonunun varlığının belirlenmesi amacı ile yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: İnfertilite ve abort problemi görülen 228 sığırdan kan serumu ve lökosit örnekleri toplanarak BVDV antijen ve BVDV’ye karşı gelişen antikorlar yönünden Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ile incelendi. Bulgular: Araştırmada 41 (%17.9) serum örneği seropozitif, 4 (%1.7) lökosit örneği BVDV antijen pozitif olarak belirlendi. BVDV antijen pozitif bulunan 4 sığırın 2 (%0.8)’si seropozitif 2 (%0.8)’si ise seronegatif tespit edildi. Antijen pozitif/antikor negatif hayvanlar 2 hafta sonra tekrar örneklendi. Seronegatif sığırlar için aynı sonuçlar elde edildi. Persiste enfekte oldukları belirlenen bu hayvanlar kesime gönderildi. Öneri: İşletmelere alınacak olan hayvanların kontrol edilerek hem BVDV antijen hem de antikor negatif olanların dahil edilmesi gerekmektedir.Öğe The Serological and Virological Investigation of Canine Adenovirus Infection on the Dogs(HINDAWI LTD, 2013) Bulut, Oya; Yapici, Orhan; Avci, Oguzhan; Simsek, Atilla; Atli, Kamil; Dik, Irmak; Yavru, SibelTwo types of Canine Adenovirus (CAVs), Canine Adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1), the virus which causes infectious canine hepatitis, and Canine Adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), which causes canine infectious laryngotracheitis, have been found in dogs. In this study, blood samples taken from111 dogs, which were admitted to the Internal Medicine Clinic of Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, with clinical symptoms. Seventy-seven dogs were sampled from Isparta and Burdur dog shelters by random sampling, regardless of the clinical findings. Dogs showed a systemic disease, characterized by fever, diarrhea, vomiting, oculonasal discharge, conjunctivitis, severe moist cough, signs of pulmonary disease and dehydration. Two dogs had corneal opacity and photophobia. In serological studies, 188 serum samples were investigated on the presence of CAV antibodies by ELISA. Total 103 (103/188-54.7%) blood samples were detected to be positive for CAV antibodies by ELISA. However, 85 (85/188-45.2%) blood samples were negative. Blood leukocyte samples from dogs were processed and inoculated onto confluent monolayers of MDCK cells using standard virological techniques. After third passage, cells were examined by direct immunoflourescence test for virus isolation. But positive result was not detected. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrates the high prevalence of CAV infection in dogs.Öğe A serological investigation of Blue Tongue Virus infection in sheep breeds in Karaman province(2015) Yavru, Sibel; Avci, Oguzhan; Yapici, Orhan; Bulut, Oya; Şimşek, Atilla; Kale, MehmetAmaç: Bu çalışma Karamanda bulunan koyun işletmelerinde Blue Tongue Virusa karşı seroprevalansın belirlenmesi amacı ile yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Beş farklı işletmeden rastgele seçilen (her birinden 70 adet) toplam 350 koyundan kan serum örnekleri toplandı. Örnekler Blue Tongue Virusa karşı gelişen antikor varlığı yönünden ticari olarak temin edilen competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) ile test edildi. Bulgular: İşletmelerde Blue Tongue Virusa karşı gelişen antikor prevalansı sırası ile %32.85, %28.57, %25.71, %37.14 ve %41.42 olarak belirlendi. Toplam 350 serum örneğinin 116 (%33.14)sı Blue Tongue Virusa spesifik antikor varlığı yönünden cELISA ile pozitif tespit edildi. Öneri: Türkiyenin iklim şartları Blue Tongue Virusun vektör Culicoides türlerinin yaşamları için uygun olduğundan, koyunlar Blue Tongue Virus yönünden sürekli kontrol edilmelidir.
