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    Effects of endogenous molasses carbon dots on macrophages and their potential utilization as anti-inflammatory agents
    (SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2020) Yavuz, Emine.; Dinc, Saliha.; Kara, Meryem.
    The biological effect of endogenous food-borne carbon dots (CDs) is one of the controversial issues of current research areas in food biotechnology. In this study, the biocompatibility and biofunctionality of sugar beet molasses-derived fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were investigated for the first time in mammalian macrophage and fibroblast cells. The molasses CDs were nearly spherical in shape and monodispersed with a typical amorphous structure and a particle size distribution in the range of 1.3-3.8 nm. The anionic molasses CDs could easily enter the cells and exhibited excellent biocompatibility. Importantly, CDs with high photostability not only enabled the intracellular tracking of the nanomaterials by confocal microscopy, but also could reduce the LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. Altogether, endogenous CDs with dual functionality, bioimaging and anti-inflammatory effect, are believed to have great potential as macrophage-mediated theranostic agents.
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    In situ reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) for generation of catalytic Au nanoparticle embedded triazine based covalent organic polymer networks
    (ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY, 2019) Dursun, Sami.; Yavuz, Emine.; Çetinkaya, Zeynep.
    Covalent-organic polymer networks (COPNs) have been used as catalyst supports due to their stable and favorable structure. Herein, a simple synthetic route was applied to generate Au@COPN-1 hybrids via in situ reduction of gold ions with no additional reducing agent. Synthesized novel COPN-1 was mixed with different concentrations of HAuCl4 which resulted in Au@COPN-1 with varying sizes of Au nanoparticles in a controlled manner. The microstructural and morphological features of COPN-1 and Au@COPN-1 were characterized in detail using FT-IR, C-NMR, elemental analysis, UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, BET, and TGA. It is noteworthy that the red-shifted LSPR peaks of Au nanoparticles produced with increasing concentrations of HAuCl4 indicated an increase in the particle size of the Au nanoparticles as justified by TEM images. The optimum catalytic activity of Au@COPN-1 was obtained when 4.6 x 10(-3) mM HAuCl4 was used, which led to the complete reduction of 4-nitrophenol within 16 minutes with excellent recyclability for more than 5 catalytic cycles, giving yields over 94%. Moreover, the non-aggregation of nanoparticles in the reused catalyst further confirmed the stability of the prepared catalysts. Consequently, these results indicated that in situ synthesis of AuNPs inside the COPN-1 matrix produces a promising catalyst platform for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds, for example, for the degradation of one of the most common persistent organic pollutants 4-nitrophenol, as shown here. In addition, the Au@COPN-1 hybrid system showed good biocompatibility at appropriate doses confirmed by a dynamic real-time cell analysis system which can be used in various medical applications, such as drug delivery, in the future.