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Öğe Amylase, glucosidase, tyrosinase, and cholinesterases inhibitory, antioxidant effects, and GC-MS analysis of wild mint (Mentha longifolia var. calliantha) essential oil: A natural remedy(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2018) Asghari, Behvar; Zengin, Gokhan; Bahadori, Mir Babak; Abbas-Mohammadi, Mahdi; Dinparast, LeilaIntroduction: Mint is used as a herbal tea, in food additives, and as a traditional medicine all around the world. They are popular functional foods and natural remedies. A comprehensive bioactivity evaluation was performed on wild mint essential oil to shed light on its health beneficial effects and therapeutic potential as a very popular herb. Methods: The chemical composition of essential oil of wild mint (Mentha longifolia var. calliantha (Stapf) Briq.) was determined together with its antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential linked to Alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus, and skin disorders. Six different methods were employed to examine antioxidant ability, including; DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, metal chelating, and Molybdenum total antioxidant assays. Results: Findings showed that 1,8-cineol (33.5%), linalool (15.1%), menthone (12.9%), and trans-piperitone oxide (12.6%) are the main volatile compounds of the plant. The essential oil exhibited promising antiradical activity (5.8 and 9.1 mmol TEs/g oil in DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively) and reducing power (102 and 337 mmol TEs/g oil in FRAP and CUPRAC assays, respectively). Moreover, remarkable antidiabetic, anticholinesterase, and antityrosinase effects were recorded for the mint oil. Conclusion: Wild mint essential oil has valuable bioactive constituents and great potential for uses in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceuticals industries.Öğe Analysis of imidazoles and triazoles in biological samples after MicroExtraction by packed sorbent(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2017) Campestre, Cristina; Locatelli, Marcello; Guglielmi, Paolo; De Luca, Elisa; Bellagamba, Giuseppe; Menta, Sergio; Zengin, GokhanThis paper reports the MEPS-HPLC-DAD method for the simultaneous determination of 12 azole drugs (bifonazole, butoconazole, clotrimazole, econazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, posaconazole, ravuconazole, terconazole, tioconazole and voriconazole) administered to treat different systemic and topical fungal infections, in biological samples. Azole drugs separation was performed in 36 min. The analytical method was validated in the ranges as follows: 0.02-5 mu g mL(-1) for ravuconazole; 0.2-5 mu g mL(-1) for terconazole; 0.05-5 mu g mL(-1) for the other compounds. Human plasma and urine were used as biological samples during the analysis, while benzyl-4-hydroxybenzoate was used as an internal standard. The precision (RSD%) and trueness (Bias%) values fulfill with International Guidelines requirements. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first HPLC-DAD procedure coupled to MEPS, which provides the simultaneous analysis of 12 azole drugs, available in the market, in human plasma and urine. Moreover, the method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of two model drugs (itraconazole and miconazole) after oral administration in real samples.Öğe Anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic properties of Capparis spinosa L.: In vivo and in vitro evaluation of its nutraceutical potential(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2017) Mollica, Adriano; Zengin, Gokhan; Locatelli, Marcello; Stefanucci, Azzurra; Mocan, Andrei; Macedonio, Giorgia; Carradori, SimoneIn this study, the nutraceutical potential of Capparis spinosa L for the treatment of hyperglycemic states has been thoroughly investigated. A series of in vivo and in vitro tests have been conducted on fresh leaf, buds and salty buds (24 h desalted) processed to dry powder. 60% MeOH/H2O extracts were obtained for HPLC analysis and for alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition tests. To estimate the in vivo anti-diabetic effect, dry powders of C spinosa leaf and buds were orally administered to streptozocin-induced diabetic rats over a period of 28 days. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed, blood taken for assessment of lipid profile and liver/kidney biochemistry while section of the pancreas, liver and kidneys were processed for general histology. Results showed that the regular administration of C. spinosa leaf or buds normalized all the biochemical parameters and reversed the liver/kidney injury with variable degrees of organ protection. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe The anti-inflammatory potential of Portulaca oleracea L. (purslane) extract by partial suppression on NF-kappa B and MAPK activation(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2019) Miao, Lingchao; Tao, Hongxun; Peng, Yu; Wang, Shengpeng; Zhong, Zhangfeng; El-Seedi, Hesham; Dragan, Simona; Zengin, Gokhan; Cheang, Wai San; Wang, Yitao; Xiao, JianboPortulaca oleracea L. (Purslane) has great potential as food and traditional drugs in several countries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of purslane extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Purslane extracts significantly reduced LPS-induced synthesis of NO in a dose-dependent manner, as well as the expression levels of iNOS and COX-2. The productions of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were also significantly reduced at the higher dose of 400 mu g/ml. Meanwhile, the expression levels of P65, p-P65, p-MEK and p-I kappa B-alpha were inhibited dose-dependently. The nuclear translocation of P65 was partially prevented by the extract, which explained the inhibition of NF-kappa B pathway. In addition, three reported flavonoids, named luteolin, kaempferol and quercitrin, were identified in the extract, which might be responsible for its anti-inflammatory effects. Above all, our research has partially proved that purslane could be considered as a natural anti-inflammatory agent in further applications.Öğe Antinociceptive effect of Aristolochia trilobata stem essential oil and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2yl acetate, its main compound, in rodents(WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH, 2017) Siqueira Quintans, Jullyana de Souza; Alves, Rafael dos Santos; Santos, Darlisson de Alexandria; Serafini, Mairim Russo; Alves, Pericles Barreto; Costa, Emmanoel Vilaca; Zengin, GokhanAristolochia trilobata L. is an aromatic plant, popularly known as "mil-homens", and its essential oil (EO) is generally used to treat colic, diarrhea and dysentery disorders. We evaluated the antinociceptive effect of A. trilobata stem EO and of its major compound, the (R)-(-)6- methyl-5-hepten-2-yl acetate (sulcatyl acetate: SA), using acetic acid (0.85%)-induced writhing response and formalin- induced (20 mu L of 1%) nociceptive behavior in mice. We also evaluated the EO and SA effect on motor coordination, using the rota-rod apparatus. EO (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) or SA (25 and 50 mg/kg) reduced nociceptive behavior in the writhing test (p < 0.001). EO (100 mg/kg) and SA (25 and 50 mg/kg) decreased the nociception on the first phase of the formalin test (p < 0.05). On the second phase, EO (25: p < 0.01; 50: p < 0.05 and 100 mg/kg: p < 0.001) and SA (25 and 50 mg/kg; p < 0.001) reduced the nociceptive response induced by formalin. EO and SA were not able to cause changes in the motor coordination of animals. Together, our results suggest that EO has an analgesic profile and SA seems to be one of the active compounds in this effect.Öğe Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Extracts from Wild Mushroom Species from Turkey(BEGELL HOUSE INC, 2017) Zengin, Gokhan; Uren, Mehmet Cemil; Kocak, Mehmet Sefa; Gungor, Halil; Locatelli, Marcello; Aktumsek, Abdurrahman; Sarikurkcu, CengizThe antioxidant and inhibitory effects of methanol and aqueous extracts from Hymenogaster aromaticus, Ramaria aurea, and Rhizopogon luteolus against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, alpha-amylase, and a-glucosidase are reported here, to our knowledge for the first time. Antioxidant activities were investigated using different assays, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power, cupric ion-reducing antioxidant capacity, phosphomolybdenum, and metal-chelating assays. In general, the highest antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory effects were observed in methanol extracts, which had the highest concentrations of phenolics. (+)-Catechin, benzoic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were determined to be the main phenolics in H. aromaticus components both in methanol and in aqueous extracts, whereas the other 2 species present very different phenolic fingerprints, also at smaller quantities. These results suggest that these mushroom species may be considered sources of natural agents.Öğe Antiproliferative activity against leukemia cells of sesquiterpene lactones from the Turkish endemic plant Centaurea drabifolia subsp detonsa(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2017) Formisano, Carmen; Sirignano, Carmina; Rigano, Daniela; Chianese, Giuseppina; Zengin, Gokhan; Seo, Ean-Jeong; Efferth, ThomasThe apolar organic extract obtained from aerial parts of Centaurea drabifolia Sibth. & Sm. subsp. detonsa (Bornm.) Wagenitz, growing wild in Turkey, was investigated for the first time for its secondary metabolite composition. Seven sesquiterpene lactones belonging to the guaiane class (1-7), including the new compound 4, along with a fatty acid lactone derivative (8), were isolated. The structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques, with the stereostructure of the new guaiane 4 determined with the help of MTPA derivatization. Cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-7 were evaluated against two cancer cell lines, namely acute lymphoblastic leukemia (CCRF-CEM) and its multidrug-resistant subline CEM/ADR5000. Results showed that aguerin B (1) and cynaropicrin (2) showed a potent activity on both cell lines revealing interesting details about the structure-activity relationships in the class of acylated guaiane sesquiterpenes.Öğe An assessment of the nutraceutical potential of Juglans regia L.leaf powder in diabetic rats(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2017) Mollica, Adriano; Zengin, Gokhan; Locatelli, Marcello; Stefariucci, Azzurra; Macedonio, Giorgia; Bellagamba, Giuseppe; Onaolapo, OlakunleIn this study, we evaluated the nutraceutical potential of juglans regia L (a dietary supplement and food additive) by evaluating the in-vitro anti-diabetic potential and by assessing the in-vivo anti hyperglycaemic, anti-hyperlipidaemic, and organ-protective effects of freshly-dried and powdered leaves of J. regia L in diabetic rats. In the in-vivo experiments, dry powder of J. regia L leaf (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) was administered orally, twice daily (9.00 a.m. and 5 p.m.) to streptozocin-induced diabetic rats over a period of 28 days, during which body weight and blood glucose were monitored weekly. At the end of the experimental period, animals were sacrificed, blood was taken for assessment of lipid profile, antioxidant activity and liver/kidney biochemistry; while samples of the pancreas, liver and kidneys were fixed, processed, sectioned, and stained for general histology. Phytochemical evaluations of three extracts were carried out using HPLC-PDA validated procedures, while enzyme-inhibitory potentials were tested against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. In-vivo assays showed that twice-daily administration of J. regia L leaf resulted in weight gain, glycaemic control, reversal of dyslipidaemia and biochemical evidences of liver/kidney injury, and protection against pancreas, liver and kidney tissue injury. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Assessment of Trans Fatty Acid and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content of Turkish Commercial Ice Creams(ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2012) Cakmak, Yavuz Selim; Zengin, Gokhan; Akkoyunlu, Nurkan; Aktumsek, Abdurrahman; Guler, Gokalp OzmenIn this study, 27 commercial ice creams belonging to 4 different brands sold in Turkey were analyzed for their fatty acid composition, with relevance on their trans fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid content. 16:0 palmitic acid was major fatty acid in all samples, except for cacao and chocolate ice creams. Other predominant fatty acids were 12:0 lauric acid, 18:0 stearic acid and 18:1 (09 oleic acid. Saturated fatty acids occurred in the largest proportions in all samples followed by monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The total percentages of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged between 61.56-80.99, 13.30-210.86 and 3.68-8.02 %, respectively. Trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid contents in ice cream samples were between 0.71-2.66 and 0.17-0.91 %, respectively. The results of this research have demonstrated that trans fatty acid, and conjugated linoleic acid content of ice creams obtained in Turkey are favorable levels when compared to many countries.Öğe Bioactivities of Achillea phrygia and Bupleurum croceum based on the composition of phenolic compounds: In vitro and in silico approaches(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2017) Zengin, Gokhan; Bulut, Gizem; Mollica, Adriano; Haznedaroglu, Mehmet Zeki; Dogan, Ahmet; Aktumsek, AbdurrahmanThis study presents the effects of the Achillea phrygia Boiss. et Bal. and Bupleurum croceum Fenzl. extracts obtained by different solvents (ethyl acetate, methanol and water) on selected enzyme inhibitory effects and antioxidant ability with screening bioactive compounds. Total and individual bioactive compounds were detected by spectrophotometric and HPLC-DAD techniques. Antioxidant abilities were evaluated by different methods including free radical scavenging (ABTS and DPPH), reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP), phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating. Enzyme inhibitory effects were tested against cholinesterases, tyrosinase, amylase, glucosidase and lipase. Total phenolic contents were ranged from 20.52 mgGAE/g extract (B. croceum methanol extract) to 41.13 mgGAE/g extract (A. phrygia methanol extract). Generally, methanol and water extracts showed the strongest antioxidant abilities, while the ethyl acetate extracts had the most promising enzyme inhibitory effects. HPLC analysis revealed the abundance of some phenolics including rutin, quercetin, sinapic acid and chlorogenic acid, respectively. These components were also assessed using molecular modelling with the aim to study their docking properties on a set of six enzymes used in this study. Overall, these species could be suggested as valuable sources of natural-bioactive agents for developing new functional, pharmacological and health promoting ingredients. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Biological, phytochemical, and physico-chemical properties of two commercial Nigella sativa seed oils: A comparative analysis(ISTANBUL UNIV, FAC PHARMACY, 2018) Aumeeruddy, Muhammad Zakariyyah; Aumeeruddy-Elalfi, Zaahira; Neetoo, Hudaa; Zengin, Gokhan; Fibrich, Bianca; Rademan, Sunelle; van Staden, Analike BlomThis study was designed to evaluate and correlate the biological, phytochemical, and physicochemical properties of two NSS (Nigella sativa seed) oils (N1 and N2). The biological activity was evaluated in terms of antibacterial, antioxidant (nitric oxide scavenging), antielastase, antityrosinase, antimelanogenic, and anticancer activity. Physicochemical properties including colour, total soluble solids (TSS), and density were also investigated. N2 exhibited higher antibacterial, NO scavenging, extracellular antimelanogenic, and anticancer activity against the HeLa cell line compared to N1, which showed higher antityrosinase activity. TPC (total phenolic content) and TFC (total flavonoid content) of N1 were significantly higher than N2 while TTC (total tannin content) was higher in N2. In fact, TTC was strongly correlated (R=1.000) with the antioxidant, extracellular antimelanogenic, and HeLa cell inhibitory activity. To conclude, NSS oil may be considered as a complementary and alternative therapy in the management of infectious and chronic diseases but warrants further in vivo pharmacological validation and toxicological analysis.Öğe Chemical and biological insights on aronia stems extracts obtained by different extraction techniques: From wastes to functional products(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2017) Cvetanovic, Aleksandra; Svarc-Gajic, Jaroslava; Zekovic, Zoran; Maskovic, Pavle; Durovic, Sasa; Zengin, Gokhan; Delerue-Matos, CristinaThe present study aimed to evaluate chemical and biological potential of aronia stems for providing new raw material for food and pharmaceutical industries. Aqueous extracts of aronia stems were prepared by three different techniques (microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted and subcritical water extraction). For biological activities, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities were evaluated. For chemical characterisation, phenolic compounds and essential elements were analysed as well as total phenolic contents. Subcritical water extracts exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity with the highest content of phenolics. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for analysed extracts were in the range from 9.76 to 156.25 mu g/mL in antimicrobial assays. The extracts exerted prominent cytotoxicity against different cell lines. Rutin was detected as the major compound in the studied extracts and these extracts were also rich in essential elements. Our study suggested that subcritical water extract of aronia stem could be considered as a new raw material in developing novel functional/industrial products.Öğe Chemical characterization, antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory activity, and enzyme inhibition of Ipomoea batatas L. leaf extracts(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2017) Zengin, Gokhan; Locatelli, Marcello; Stefanucci, Azzurra; Macedonio, Giorgia; Novellino, Ettore; Mirzaie, Sako; Dvoracsko, SzabolcsIpomoea batatas L. is widely used as a functional food in many countries. In this work, I. batatas leaf extracts (Soxhlet extract, microwave [MW] extract, and decoction extract) were characterized for the first time, and their total flavonoid and phenolic compound contents were measured by spectrophotometric and chromatographic analyses. These extracts were investigated for their antioxidant activities (free radical scavenging and reducing power assays), enzyme inhibitory activities (cholinesterase, tyrosinase, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase) and effects on inflammation pathways. Various bioactive secondary metabolites were identified; among them, chlorogenic acid appeared to be the most abundant. The decoction extract displayed the highest level of phenolics (89.26mg GAE/g extract) and thus exhibited stronger antioxidant ability than the Soxhlet and MW extracts. Each preparation was tested in in vitro enzymatic assays, which revealed that all three extracts exhibited interesting inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase, alpha-glucosidase, and alpha-amylase. Moreover, in vitro and ex vivo anti-inflammatory activities were observed for the decoction extract. Collectively, these results indicated that I. batatas leaf can be considered a potential candidate for the development of functional foods to combat the symptoms of metabolic disorders, such as type II diabetes mellitus.Öğe Chemical composition and biological activities of extracts from three Salvia species: S. blepharochlaena, S. euphratica var. leiocalycina, and S. verticillata subsp amasiaca(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2018) Zengin, Gokhan; Llorent-Martinez, Eulogio J.; Luisa Fernandez-de Cordova, Maria; Bahadori, Mir Babak; Mocan, Andrei; Locatelli, Marcello; Aktumsek, AbdurrahmanThe genus Salvia has recently attracted great attention due to its notable biological activities. Within this context, in this study, the chemical characterization and biological effects of three extracts (dichloromethane (DCM), methanol (MeOH), and water) from three Salvia species (S. blepharochlaena (SB), S. euphratica var. leiocalycina (SE), and S. verticillata subsp. atnasica (SV)) were assessed. For the chemical characterization, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic components in the methanol extracts was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-UV-ESI-MS). Total phenolic, flavonoid and phenolic acid contents were also studied. Concerning the biological effects, antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging; ferric (FRAP) and cupric (CUPRAC) reducing power; phosphomo-lybdenum, and metal chelating assays), enzyme inhibitory (cholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase, glucosidase, lipase, and elastase) and cytotoxic effects (A-549 and MCF-7 cell lines) were evaluated. After the evaluation of the phytochemical profile by HPLC-UV-ESI-MSn, it was observed that the main compound in the analyzed extracts was rosmarinic acid, which was present at high concentrations, particularly in SV, which presented rosmarinic acid levels higher than the usual levels found in other Salvia species or related plants. Generally, the SV-water extract presented the strongest antioxidant abilities with higher levels of total bioactive compounds. However, the studied DCM extracts had higher enzyme inhibitory potentials compared with MeOH and water extracts. SE-DCM exerted the most potent cytotoxic effects, followed by SB-water and SB-MeOH extracts.Öğe Chemical Composition of Essential Oil, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anti-obesity, and Neuroprotective Properties of Prangos gaubae(NATURAL PRODUCTS INC, 2017) Bahadori, Mir Babak; Zengin, Gokhan; Bahadori, Shahram; Maggi, Filippo; Dinparast, LeilaChemical composition of essential oil and the potential of Prangos gaubae for the management of public health problems such as Alzheimer's disease, obesity, Diabetes mellitus, and skin diseases were evaluated for the first time. In this direction, enzyme inhibitory effects, antioxidant activity, and total bioactive contents of the plant were determined. EO showed high acetylcholinesterase (2.97 mg GEs/g oil), alpha-amylase (1.35 mmol ACEs/g oil), alpha-glucosidase (38.84 mmol ACEs/g oil), and lipase (1.59 mmol OEs/g oil) inhibitory activities. Moreover, strong antioxidant effects were observed in antiradical (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP), total antioxidant, and metal chelating assays. Methanol extract exhibited promising DPPH radical scavenging activity (0.47 mmol TEs/g extract) and also high reducing power in CUPRAC (0.89 mmol TEs/g extract) and FRAP (0.52 mmol TEs/g extract) assays. All extracts showed low total flavonoid but high total phenolics content. Furthermore, they exhibited strong skin-care effect in tyrosinase inhibition assay. EO analysis showed the presence of germacrene D (26.7%), caryophyllene oxide (14.3%), (E)-caryophyllene (13.8%), and spathulenol (11.3%) as the major volatile components. Results indicated that P. gaubae has promising potential for possible uses in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries due to its valuable phytoconstituents and biological activities.Öğe Chemical composition profile of the essential oil from hymenocrater bituminous and its health functionality(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2017) Bahadori, Shahram; Bahadori, Mir Babak; Zengin, Gokhan; Maggi, Filippo; Dinparast, Leila; Aktumsek, AbdurrahmanHymenocrater species are important medicinal and food plants. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of Hymenocrater bituminous Fisch. & C. A. Mey. for the management of public health problems such as Alzheimer's disease, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and skin diseases through inhibition of targeted enzymes. Essential oil composition, antioxidant activity, and the total bioactive contents of the plant were also determined. EO showed high alpha-glucosidase (40 mmol ACEs/g oil), alpha-amylase (9 mmol ACEs/g oil), acetylcholinesterase (3.8 mg GEs/g oil), butyrylcholinesterase (4.7 mg GEs/g oil), tyrosinase (45 mg KAEs/g oil), and lipase (1.5 mmol OEs/g oil) inhibitory activities. Methanolic extract exhibited strong antiradical (DPPH and ABTS) and reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP) activities and high total phenolics content (120 mg GAEs/g extract). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of EO showed the presence of alpha-pinene (18.2%), beta-pinene (11.3%), trans-phytol (11.0%), and spathulenol (8.5%) as the major components. The results indicated that H. bituminous has promising potential for possible uses in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its valuable phytoconstituents and biological activities.Öğe Chemical profiling of Centaurea bornmuelleri Hausskn. aerial parts by HPLC-MS/MS and their pharmaceutical effects: From nature to novel perspectives(ELSEVIER, 2019) Zengin, Gokhan; Llorent-Martinez, E. J.; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Yildiztugay, Evren; Picot-Allain, Carene; Mahomoodally, Mohamad FawziEthnobotanical evidences substantiate the use of several Centaurea species to treat and/or manage several human ailments. In the present study, the phytochemical profile of the ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts (prepared by infusion and decoction) of Centaurea bornmuelleri Hausskn. aerial parts was established. The enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant properties were also determined by in vitro bioassays. Methanol extract (38.58 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract) and ethyl acetate extract (38.83 mg rutin equivalent/g extract) possessed the highest concentration of phenolics and flavonoids, respectively. Aqueous extract prepared following traditional infusion method showed potent DPPH (38.54 mg TE/g extract) and ABTS (57.75 mg TE/g extract) scavenging abilities. The methanol extract (101.46 mg TE/g extract) of C. bornmuelleri exhibited potent reducing activity in the CUPRAC assay while the aqueous extract obtained by infusion was more active in the FRAP assay (69.81 mg TE/g extract). Ethyl acetate extract of C. bornmuelleri inhibited both acetylcholinesterase (1.14 mg galantamine equivalent [GALAE]/g extract), butyrylcholinesterase (0.63 mg GALAE/g extract), tyrosinase (69.84 mg kojic acid equivalent/g extract), amylase (19.90 mg acarbose equivalent [ACAE]/g extract), and glucosidase (33.12 mg ACAE/g extract). The phytochemical profile of C. bornmuelleri has been characterized and the main components quantified in order to provide scientific base to design innovative products including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics or nutraceuticals although further investigation concerning the isolation of the main bioactive compounds would be required. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Combining in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches to evaluate nutraceutical potentials and chemical fingerprints of Moltkia aurea and Moltkia coerulea(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2017) Zengin, Gokhan; Ceylan, Ramazan; Katanic, Jelena; Mollica, Adriano; Aktumsek, Abdurrahman; Boroja, Tatjana; Matic, SanjaMethanolic extracts of Moltkia aurea Boiss. (MA) and Moltkia coerulea (Wild.) Lehm. (MC) were investigated for their antioxidant capacity and enzymatic inhibitory potential against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and tyrosinase in vitro. MA and MC were also explored for their antimicrobial effect, as well as for their possible genotoxic/antigenotoxic potential on Drosophila melanogaster in vivo. The total bioactive components (phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC)) were determined and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) metabolite profiling of MA and MC appraised. The plausible docking poses of bioactive compounds to key enzymes were further studied using molecular modelling approach. MA proved to be a better antioxidant with higher TPC and TFC compared to MC. Protocatechuic acid, rutin, hesperidin and malic acid were the most abundant in these extracts. Both MA and MC exhibited antigenotoxic potential with a %R in DNA damage of 60.90 and 53.14% respectively. The docking studies revealed that rutin, hesperidin, and rosmarinic acid have the best scores for all the enzymes tested. MA and MC were found to be rich in phytochemicals with potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antigenotoxic activities that can be further studied for the management of neurodegenerative complications, diabetes, and hyperpigmentation. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe A comparative assessment of the LC-MS profiles and cluster analysis of four Centaurea species from Turkey(ELSEVIER, 2019) Zengin, Gokhan; Zheleva-Dimitrova, Dimitrina; Gevrenova, Reneta; Aktumsek, Abdurrahman; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Mahomoodally, Mohamad FawziThe present study was designed to delineate the chemical characterization of four Centaurea species sampled from Turkey. The chemical profiles were determined by UHPLC-ESI/HRMS and multiple correspondence analysis were carried out to observe variabilities of the tested extracts. To study the variability of the four samples, 16 qualitative variables represented by the 16 compounds (some acylquinic acids including 3-Caffeoylquinic, 5-Caffeoylquinic and 5-Feruloylquinic acids) have been used to perform the multiple correspondence analysis. There groups were recorded in the cluster analysis. The first group is represented by C. urvielli subsp. hayekiana and C. kotschi var. persica species while the second and third group is composed of C. drabifolia subsp. detonsa and C. patula, respectively. Finding presented herein has established baseline data that could spark further studies on the pharmacological potential of these Centaurea species.Öğe A comparative study on the fatty acid composition of the oils from five Bupleurum species collected from Turkey(TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2012) Saracoglu, Hatice Taner; Zengin, Gokhan; Akin, Mehtap; Aktumsek, ApdurahmanThe oil content and fatty acid compositions of 5 Bupleurum species (B. intermedium, B. lancifolium, B. croceum, B. rotundifolium, and B. cappadocicum) were determined. Their oil contents ranged from 2.87% to 4.20%. Gas chromatography (GC) was used for the fatty acid composition. Twenty-one fatty acids were identified and quantified by GC. Oleic acid (C18:1) accounted for more than 50% of the total fatty acids in 3 of the Bupleurum species (B. intermedium, B. lancifolium, and B. rotundifolium). The total unsaturated fatty acid contents varied from 67.28% in B. cappadocicum to 87.06% in B. rotundifolium. The total saturated fatty acids represent 12.94% to 32.72% of the total lipid content. The main saturated fatty acids were palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), and myristic (C14:0). Moreover, cluster analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the species in terms of the fatty acid profiles.