Tarım Makineleri ve Teknoloji Mühendisliği/Makale Koleksiyonu

Bu koleksiyon için kalıcı URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12395/15717

Listeleniyor 1 - 20 / 53

Evaluation of Agricultural Machinery Presence and Usage Activities in Konya Districts by Geographical Information Systems
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2019) Yıldırım, Ali İhsan; Konak, Mustafa
The negative effects of global climate change continue to be an element of pressure on agricultural production in Turkey as in many other countries. In a changing climate, the necessity of more efficient and sustainable agricul-tural production in the world is paramount to feed an increasing population. Currently agricultural machines, which minimally disturb the soil, produce less waste and consume less energy, are being used. The most important factor in this process is the change and transformation in agricultural machinery used in agricultural production. In the province of Konya, production is still carried out with traditional agricultural machinery. The size of the land and the density of agricultural production are not taken into consideration in the purchase and use of agricultural machinery. In this study, the impact area of the agricultural machines/machinery groups in the districts of Konya will be calculated, compared with the size of the cultivated areas and their efficiency will be evaluated. At the same time, by using Geographical Information Systems (GIS), the presence of agricultural machinery and the impact areas of machine groups in the districts of Konya will be mapped. This study, which is conducted for the first time in Konya province, will provide a guide in determining which agricultural machinery/machinery groups are overbought, used below capacity, or insufficient in Konya dis-tricts.While there is a surplus in almost every machine group, the largest number of machines is in the soil tillage and seed bed preparation machine group (64,733 units), the largest impact area belongs to the plantcare and fertilizer machine group (611,808,657 da year -1), and the most surplus is seen in the soil tillage and seed bed preparation machinery group (62,707 units in excess). In the case of harvesting machines, their number is found to be inadequate (335 units of shortage).
The Effect of Knife Clearance on the Machine Performance in Disc Type Silage Machines
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2019) Al-Sammarrai̇e, Mustafa Ahmed Jalal; Özbek, Osman
In this study, active knife and fixed knife of single-row disc silage machine has three different clearance C1, C2 and C3 (1, 3 and 5 mm) and it is tried in three different working speed V1, V2 and V3 (1.8, 2.5 and 3.7 km / h) and PTO speed (540 min-1) and machine's fuel consumption (l/h), average power consumption (kW), field energy consumption (kW/da), product energy consumption (kW/t), field working capacity (da/h), product working capacity (t/h) and Chopping size distribution characteristics of the fragmented material were determined. It has been found that knife-counter knife clearances smaller than 3 mm (1 mm) and larger (5 mm) have a negative effect on machine performance in general. In terms of fuel and power consumptions, the most suitable combination of work was C2V1, and in terms of field-product energy consumption, C2V3 combination was found to be optimal. The highest field-product working capacity was achieved at the V3 working speed. In terms of silage mincer size, all working combinations gave the appropriate shredding length distribution; especially the 1st knife-counter knife clearance (1 mm) was determined to give a more suitable Chopping size distribution in terms of animal feeding. In the second clearance (3mm), both the energy consumption and the Chopping size distribution were positive.
Comparison of Operational Parameters of Feed Mixing and Distribution Machines with Different Structures
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2021) Can, Meltem Deniz; Şeflek, Ali Yavuz
Recent supports provided to livestock operations also supported the development of mechanization levels used in these operations. Technological progress especially in herd management systems, automatic milking, cleaning and hygiene systems led to significant progress also in feeding mechanization. Especially during the last 10 years, significant numbers were achieved in manufacture of feed mixing and distribution machines with a great role in animal feeding in livestock operations. In Turkey, various types of feed mixers with different capacities and constructions are manufactured. These machines generally have single or double augers positioned horizontally or vertically. Such differences in machine constructions are generally resulted from manufacture easiness, cost items and feed characteristics. In present study, considering the average size of livestock operations of Turkey, three feed mixing and distribution machines with different constructions and 6 m3 vagon capacity were compared in terms of operational conditions and assessments were made accordingly.
Determination of Vortex and Critical Submergence of Submersible Pumps
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2021) Orhan, Nuri
In this study, submergence vortex and critical submergence of submersible pumps were investigated at different pump nominal diameters and water inlet crosssections. Experiments were conducted with submersible pumps with three different outside diameters. For each pump, outlet pressure and inlet pressure measurements were performed at three different water inlet cross-sections, five different flow rates and different submergence. Present findings revealed that for all three nominal diameters and cross-sections, critical submergence increased with increasing flow rates. The greatest critical submergence depth (1000 mm) was obtained from 3" pumps and the smallest critical submergence depth (10 mm) was obtained from 5" pump. Critical submergence increased with decreasing cross-sections. It was determined that there was an inverse relationship between the pump nominal diameter and the critical immersion depth. The critical dipping decreased with the increase of the pump nominal diameter. Critical submergence obtained at original cross-sections of submersible pumps were compared with the aid of a developed momentum equilibrium equation. The experiments were determined the submergence of vortex and vortex types. The vortex that occurred in all pump tests formed generally below the critical submergence.
Evaluation of Plant Distribution Regularity in Sowing with Different Guidance Systems by GPS, GIS and Voronoi Polygons
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2021) Kayahan, Nurettin; Üstüntaş, Taner
In this study, sowing was carried out with 3 different tractor guidance methods: operator-controled, GPS-controled and automatic-controled. The optimum nutrient areas required for each plant were evaluated using voronoi polygons. Voronoi polygons were used to obtain nutrient areas. Voronoi polygons were used to obtain living spaces. The plant coordinates taken with CORS-RTK GPS were loaded into the CBS program and the voronoi polygon for each plant was obtained. Comparison of nutrient areas was made with shape coefficients calculated using polygon area and perimeter values. Shape coefficient was 0.731 in operator-controlled application, 0.746 in GPS-controlled application and 0.715 in automatic-controled application. Compared to operator-controlled application, shape coefficients were found to be 2 % more in GPS-controlled application and 2 % less in automatic-controlled application. Although the shape coefficients are relatively less in the automatic-controlled system, it can be seen that better results can be obtained in terms of field success due to the advantages such as low workload on the operator, ease of application at night and improvements in time utilization coefficient. As a result of the statistical analysis, it has been found that there is no difference between the applications and can be used interchangeably. As a result, when the systems are compared with each other, it is seen that the automatic-controlled application is more successful.
Physical Characteristics and Natural Flow Rates of Dry Bean Cultivars of a Local Population Grown in Konya Province of Turkey
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2021) Arıkaymak, Mehmet; Hacıseferoğulları, Haydar
In the present study, physical characteristics of some dry bean cultivars (Sarikiz, Basara and Horoz) of a local population grown in Konya province of Turkey were determined and an experimental test set up was used to investigate flow rates on different surfaces (galvanized sheet, plain sheet and painted sheet iron) and different conveyor channel angles (240 , 280 , 320 , 360 ). In Sarikiz, Basara and Horoz dry bean cultivars respectively at 10.85, 9.63 and 9.12% moisture levels, average grain lengths were respectively measured as 11.51, 17.56 and 15.09 mm; average widths 7.21, 10.40 and 7.31 mm; average thicknesses as 5.11, 4.92 and 5.76 mm; average geometric mean diameters as 7.51, 9.64 and 8.59 mm; sphericity values as 0.65, 0.55 and 0.57; angle of repose values as 20.070 , 21.990 and 18.530 ; thousand-kernel weights as 229.60, 514.93 and 426.67 g; bulk densities as 682.72, 696.65 and 779.17 kg m-3 . Static coefficient of friction values of the same cultivars (Sarikiz, Basara and Horoz) on galvanized, painted and plain sheet surface were respectively measured as 0.356, 0.441 and 0.427; 0.350, 0.428 and 0.396; 0.344, 0.401 and 0.383. In Horoz dry bean cultivar, the flow was seen on all surfaces and at all channel angles. However, there was no flow in Sarıkız and Basara cultivars on painted sheet surface at 24o channel angle and no flow in Sarıkız cultivar on plain sheet surface at 24o channel angle. Among the cultivars, the greatest average flow rate (1.61 kg s-1 ) was achieved in Horoz dry bean cultivar and such a flow rate was mostly designated by grain physical characteristics and surface profile. Surface roughness influenced flow rates and the greatest flow rate on galvanized sheet surface with the lowest surface roughness was measured as 1.66 kg s-1 . The greatest flow rate was obtained from 360 conveyor channel angle (2.01 kg s-1 ). Present findings revealed that physical characteristics of the cultivars, channel roughness and angle influenced flow rates.
Determination of Natural Flow Rates of Some Chickpea Varieties on Different Surfaces and Surface Angles
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2021) Çiftçi, Yusuf; Dokumacı, Keziban Yalçın; Sonmete, Mehmet Hakan
In this study, some physical properties of Gökçe chickpea (registered variety) and Spanish chickpea (local population) variety cultivated in Konya Province were determined. Flow rates of chickpea varieties were detected at four different conveyor channel angles (24°, 28°, 32° and 36°) and on three different surfaces (galvanized sheet, painted sheet and steel sheet surfaces). Length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, repose angle, thousand grain weight, bulk density values of Gökçe chickpeas at 8.90% moisture level are 10.09 mm, 7.34 mm, 7.74 mm and 8.30 mm, 0.82, 18.04°, 364.6 g and 746.82 kg m-3 and for Spanish variety at 10.40% moisture level are 12.16 mm, 8.22 mm, 9.01 mm, 9.65 mm, 0.79, 16.01°, 481.96 g, 690.21 kg m-3 were determined respectively. These varieties, the static friction coefficient values on galvanized sheet, painted sheet and steel sheet surfaces were found to be 0.335 and 0.351, 0.401 and 0.445, 0.388 and 0.435, respectively. Flow rates increased as the channel conveyor angle increased on galvanized sheet, painted sheet and steel sheet surfaces. The increase rates for Gökçe and Spanish chickpeas on these surfaces were 207% and 189%, 630% and 522%, 291% and 202%, respectively. When the surface averages are taken into account, average flow rates of 1.69 kg s-1 on the galvanized sheet surface, 1.24 kg s-1 on the painted sheet surface and 1.54 kg s-1 on the steel sheet surface were obtained and found to be statistically significant. The difference between the surfaces is due to the roughness values of the surfaces. The lowest average roughness value was found on the galvanized sheet surface (1.13 µm), and the highest on the painted surface (2.06 µm). According to the triple interaction results, the highest flow rate value was obtained on the galvanized sheet surface and the conveyor angle of 36° in both chickpea varieties, and the lowest flow values were obtained at the conveyor angle of 24° on the painted sheet surface.
Prediction of Draft Force and Disturbed Soil Area of a Chisel Tine in Soil Bin Conditions Using Draft Force and Its Comparison with Regression Model
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2021) Çarman, Kazım; Marakoğlu, Tamer; Taner, Alper; Çıtıl, Ergün
One of our most valuable natural resources is soil. Sustainable agricultural production is achieved with proper soil management. Tillage is considered to be one of the largest operations, as the most energy need in agricultural production occurs in tillage. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of chisel tine on draft force and disturbed soil area and estimate them using artificial neural networks (ANN) and multiple linear regression equations (MLR). The experiments were carried out in a closed soil bin filled with clay loam soil at an average moisture content of 13.2% (on dry basis). The draft force and disturbed soil area were evaluated as affected by the share width at two levels (60 and 120 mm), forward speed at four levels (0.7, 1, 1.25 and 1.5 ms-1 ) and working depth at four levels (160, 200, 240 and 280 mm) at three replications. The draft force varied from 0.5 to 1.42 kN, depending on the controlled variables, while the disturbed soil area varied from 260 to 865 cm2 . Test results show that share width, forward speed and working depth were significant on the draft force and disturbed soil area. Input variables of the ANN models were considered share width, forward speed and working depth. In prediction of required draft force and disturbed soil area respectively, on account of statistical performance criteria, the best ANN model with coefficient of determination of 0.999 and 0.998, root mean square error of 0.010 and 0.016 and mean relative percentage error of 0.960 and 1.673 was better performed than the MLR model.
Physical Properties and Germination Characteristics of Black Carrot Seeds of Kırıkhan Local Cultivar in Ereğli District of Konya Province
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2022) Önal, Şeyma Sadetaş; Hacıseferoğulları, Haydar
Black carrot production is an important agricultural activity for local farmers of Ereğli and Karapınar districts of Konya province. About 20% of the black carrots produced are used in turnip industry and 80% is used in concentrate production. The color value of black carrots of Kırıkhan local cultivar is higher than that of black carrots of Ereğli cultivar. Therefore, concentrate companies prefer the local cultivar of Kırıkhan in Ereğli and Karapınar Districts of Konya. In this study, some physical properties of black carrot seeds of local population of Kırıkhan cultivar were determined and seeds were sown at three different on-row seed spacings (2.5, 5 and 7.5 cm). Sowing was performed on ridges in three narrow rows as to have 7.5 cm between the rows and at a forward speed of 0.64 m s-1 . Average length values of the classified bare and coated black carrot seeds were respectively determined as 3.52 and 4.02 mm, geometric mean diameter values as 1.65 and 2.31 mm, sphericity values as 47.49 and 58.73%, thousand-seed weights as 2.20 and 6.67 g, germination rate values as 82.50 and 76.30%. Fracture resistance value of the coated seeds was measured as 4.89 Nmm-2 , water dissolution time as 18.48 s and oneseed ratio in coating as 96%. In field trials conducted at different sowing distances, average germination time of classified bare seeds and coated seeds were repectively determined as 9.40 and 9.18 days, germination rate index values as 1.688 and 1.547 [plant (m day)-1 ] and the field emergence rate values as 54.15 and 52.39%.
Evaluation of Energy Efficiency of Different Sowing Methods in Grain Corn Production
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023) Çıtıl, Ergün; Kırılmaz, Hasan; Marakoğlu, Tamer
In the study, the mean germination time (MED) was determined as 16.6 days, 21.08 days, and 9.75 days in the conventional sowing method, cross double row sowing method and parallel double row planting method, respectively, and the germination rate index (ERI) in the same order. It was found as 0.31 - 0.52 - 0.40 pieces/m day. Grain yield was 15260 kg/ha in conventional sowing method, 22330 kg/ha in cross double row sowing method and 18300 kg/ha in parallel double row sowing method. As a result of the experiments and calculations, the net energy yield was found to be 297.353,23 MJ/ha, 238.986,57 MJ/ha, 194.782,97 MJ/ha, respectively, then the cross-double row planting method, parallel double row planting method and conventional planting method. The maximum energy efficiency was obtained in the cross-double row planting method as 0.79 kg/MJ, followed by the parallel double row planting method and the conventional planting method with the values of 0.66 kg/MJ and 0.55 kg/MJ, respectively. The maximum output/input ratio was found in cross double row planting with 11.54%, then parallel double row planting with 9.59% and conventional planting with 8.03%. This study reveals that the cross-planting method is more advantageous than other methods and that this method can be used economically.
Determination and Comparison of Soil Deformation Areas, Stubble Burial Rates and Stubble Quantities of Single-Acting Disc Harrow Driven by the Tail Shaft and Single-Acting Disc Harrow that Takes its Movement from the Soil
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023) Çıtıl, Ergün; Marakoğlu, Tamer
In this study; soil-driven single-acting disc harrow and PTO-driven single-acting disc harrow machines were used. The single-acting disc harrow, which moves from the soil, was tested with two different disc diameters (610 mm and 660 mm) and three different direction angles (16o - 23o and 30o ), while the single-acting disc harrow, which moves from the tail shaft, was tested with two different disc diameters (610 mm and 660 mm), three different direction angles (160 - 230 and 300 ) and three different disc speeds (104.97-119.97 and 143.96 min1 ). As a result of the treatments, the effects on soil moisture retention, deformation area, stubble burial rate and stubble amount were compared for both machines. It was determined that the cutting width and working depth increased with the increase in disk diameter and direction angle, and the deformation area increased accordingly. The lowest amount of stubble was obtained from D1N3Y3, D1N3Y2 and D2N3Y3 treatments as 20.67 g m-2 , 22.67 g m-2 and 25.33 g m-2 , respectively. The highest stubble burial rate was 87.30%, 86.07% and 84.02% in D1N3Y3, D1N3Y2 and D1N2Y3 treatments. While the lowest u/v ratio was obtained from D1N1Y1 with 3.03, the highest u/v ratio was obtained from D2N3Y3 with 4.63, the lowest skidding rate was obtained from D1N3Y1 with 3.17% and the highest skidding rate was obtained from D2Y3 with 11.99.
Investigation of the Usability of Biodiesel from Horse Oil in Diesel Engines
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023) Aydın, Fatih; Oğuz, Hidayet; Öğüt, Hüseyin
Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel produced from animal and vegetable oils. As an alternative and ecologically acceptable substitute for conventional fuel, biodiesel is produced from a wide variety of edible vegetable oils that are usually used for human consumption and whose prices are expected to rise in the future. In this context, reliable and lowcost raw materials are gaining increasing interest for biodiesel production, such as by-products of meat processing industries or waste animal fats. Biodiesel production from waste animal fat, and raw food does not compete with the industry and has a great potential for waste caused by the global decline. In our study, a potential alternative fuel was produced for diesel engines by using the non-food-grade fat portion of horse meat consumed in Middle Asia countries. Solid crude horse oil was liquefied, and its fatty acid components were analyzed and transformed into horse oil biodiesel by the transesterification method. It was determined whether the fuel properties of crude horse oil, horse oil biodiesel, and euro diesel fuel comply with the standard values, and their usability in diesel engines was investigated. As a result of the tests, it has been concluded that horse oil biodiesel does not meet the standards in terms of cold flow properties and can only be used at a rate of low volumetric ratios in diesel engines. This article will contribute to the use of horse oil biodiesel production stages and fuel properties in diesel engines and future studies.
Determination of Agricultural Mechanization Level of Azerbaijan in Plant Production
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023) Hakhiyev, Javanshir; Şeflek, Ali Yavuz
Agricultural mechanization characteristics of Azerbaijan were investigated in this study. Based on the statistical data of Azerbaijan, number of tractors, number of agricultural tools and machines and agricultural mechanization level indicators were calculated and summarized. Respectively in the years 2010 and 2021, average tractor power was identified as 68.2 and 74.7 HP, tractor power per cultivated area as 916 and 1672.2 HP/ha, number of tractors per 1000 hectares as 13.4 and 22.2, number of combine harvesters per 1000 hectares as 1.2 and 2.1, cultivated area per tractor as 75 and 45 ha, cultivated area per combine harvester as 821.5 and 458.3 ha, agricultural field per capita as 0.52 and 0.47 ha and finally number of people per unit area as 1910 and 2120.
Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler 1976’ in Misel Gelişmesine Humik Maddeler ve Giberellik Asidin Etkisinin Araştırılması
(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2020) Kayahan, Fatma; Kaşık, Gıyasettin; Kayahan, Nurettin
Bu çalışmada Lentinula edodes’in misel gelişimi üzerine hümik maddeler ve giberellik asidin (GA3) etkisi araştırılmıştır. Malt ekstrakt agar (MEA) ve patates dekstroz agar (PDA) besi yeri olarak kullanılmış olup, bu besiyer ortamlarına, hümik madde (HM) ve giberellik asidin (GA3) belirli dozları ilave edilerek otoklavda 121°C’de 15 dk steril edilmiştir. Pastör fırınında steril edilmiş petrilere steril güvenlik kabini içerisinde besi yerleri dökülmüştür. Besi yerleri katılaştıktan sonra aynı kabin içerisinde misel ihtiva eden besi yeri aktarımı yapılmıştır. Bu işlemden sonra petriler etüve alınmıştır. Belli aralıklarla miselyum gelişmeleri alansal olarak çizilmiştir. Ön çalışma olarak besiyerlerine %0, %1, %3, %5, %7, %9 oranlarında hümik madde ve giberellik asidin (GA3) ilavesi yapılmış ve bu oranlarda yapılan uygulama sonuçlarına göre, çalışma denemelerinin %0, %0.5, %1, %1.5 oranlarında yapılmasına karar verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada MEA ve PDA besiyerlerinin hazırlanması esnasında %0, %0.5, %1 ve %1.5 oranında hümik madde ve giberellik asidin (GA3) eklenerek petrilere aktarılmıştır. Lentinula edodes’in misel gelişim miktarları ve yoğunlukları incelenmiştir. Denemeler 3 tekrarlı olarak yapılmıştır. Deneme sonuçlarına göre yapılan varyans analizlerine göre ortalamalar arasındaki farklar istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.01). %0, %0.5, %1 ve %1.5 oranında hümik madde ve giberellik asit (GA3) uygulamaları yönünden değerlendirme yapıldığında gelişim miktarı ve katkı maddeleri oranları arasında yüksek bir korelasyon tespit edilememiş olup, MEA besi ortamında 0.5 ve 1.5’ lik hümik madde uygulamasında nispeten yüksek gelişim olduğu görülmüştür (R² = 0.370).
The investigation of the use of plant-based wild mustard and boron doped oil as engine lubrication oil in diesel engines
(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2019) Öğüt, H.; Oğuz, H.; Aydın, F.; Ciniviz, M.; Deveci, H.
In internal combustion engines, mineral engine oils which serve as lubricants between parts are not used alone due to technical reasons and various additives are made use of for better lubrication. In these additives, liquid boron serves to reduce friction. To reduce the environmental damage caused by engine lubrication oils, it is necessary to improve the properties of biological oils so that they can be used and compete with mineral oils technically. In the study, the use of liquid boron as an engine lubrication oil additive, together with wild mustard oil methyl ester, was investigated. Two diesel engines with the same characteristics were used. In the first engine, experiments were carried out using mineral lubrication oil, then the experiments were repeated using mineral oil with additives, and the results were compared for both situations. The study was conducted mainly in the fields of element analysis of endoscopic examination and lubricating oil (Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cr). As a result, it was found out that the engine in which mineral lubricating oil with boron and wild mustard oil methyl ester additive was used did not pose any risks in terms of wear and engine oil life, compared to the engine without additive lubricating oil. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The effects of drying parameters on drying characteristics, colorimetric differences, antioxidant capacity and total phenols of sliced kiwifruit
(SPRINGER, 2019) Mengeş, Hakan O.; Ünver, Ahmet; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Ertekin, Can; Sonmete, Mehmet Hakan
The influence of drying parameters on drying characteristics, colorimetric differences, antioxidant capacity and total phenols of sliced kiwifruit were researched. The kiwi fruits dried between 2.6h and 12.1h for different drying conditions. Total phenol content of dried fruits were ranged from 2.03-2.71mg GAE/L. Free radical scavenging activity were varied from 26.04% to 40.91%. The effect of different drying temperatures were not very effective on the total phenol content of kiwi fruits. But, the free radical scavenging activity were variable. While L* value were in the range of 51.41 and 72.90, the a* value were ranged between -8.22 and 3.47 and the b* value between 22.24 and 40.37. The most suitable model is Midilli etal. model with low RMSE, reduced chi-square and high modeling efficiency values. While the effective diffusivity ranged between 2.63x10(-10) and 1.29x10(-9)m(2).s(-1), the activation energy was between 28.51 and 34.16kJmol(-1).
Investigation of engine performance and kit design for the usage of safflower oil as in diesel engine
(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2019) Oğuz, H.; Öğüt, H.; Aydın, F.; Ciniviz, M.; Eryılmaz, T.
In Turkey, the consumption of diesel oil is increasing both in transportation and in agricultural fields. In this study, the opportunities of the use of safflower oil, which grow originally in Turkey as a direct fuel in diesel engines, were researched to provide a new alternative for biofuel industry and to popularize the farming of oil crops. In this study, the kit design was completed first, and afterwards safflower oil was exposed to the process of neutralization and laundering, and then turned into standard fuel. For engine performance experiments, reference experiences were conducted by using diesel fuel by using safflower as a fuel in the engine with kit for 500 h; comparisons were made with regards to power, moment, diesel consumption, and exhaust emission. As a result, it was seen that when safflower was used as a fuel, there was a decrease in motor performance and emission, however specific fuel consumption increased. When safflower was used, there was not any residual on the engine that was found. The designed kit, which can be easily produced with national technology, did not cause any malfunction or negativity in the engine and it was successfully used. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Sulama kuyularında filtre uzunluğunun bazı pompaj parametrelerine etkisi
(2019) Orhan, Nuri; Şeflek, Ali Yavuz; Ozbek, Osman; Çalışır, Sedat
Bu çalışma tipik bir sulama amaçlı derin kuyu modeli üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Derin kuyu donanımlarından filtre uzunluğunun üç farklı durumu için, kuyu su seviyesi düşümü, pompa gürültü seviyesi, pompa çıkış ve giriş basıncı ve pompanın şebekeden çektiği güç arasındaki değişim sonuçları incelenmiştir. Çalışmada hidrolik yük, teçhiz borusu çapı, filtre tipi, çakıl zonu genişliği ve pompa tipi sabit tutulmuştur. Pompa denemeleri 2 m (FU1), 4 m (FU2) ve 6 m (FU3) filtre uzunluklarında yapılmıştır. Deneme sonuçlarında göre; farklı debi değerlerinde FU1 ve FU2 kombinasyonlarının kuyu düşüm seviyeleri arasında farkın olmadığı ancak FU3 kombinasyonunda farkın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca uygulanan LSD testi sonucunda da farkın olduğu görülmüştür. FU1 ve FU3 kombinasyonlarının tüm debi değerlerinde elde edilen birim uzunluk başına düşüm azalması ortalama 2.22 cm m-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Filtre uzunluğu arttıkça filtreye su giriş hızının azaldığı hesaplanmıştır. Genellikle filtre uzunluğu attıkça pompanın gürültü seviyesi azalmıştır. Tüm debi değerlerinde FU1, FU2 ve FU3 kombinasyonlarında ölçülen ortalama gürültü seviyesi sırası ile 75.3-72.2 ve 71.3 dBA olarak belirlenmiştir. Bazı debiler de pompanın şebekeden çektiği güç değeri filtre uzunluğunun artması ile yükselmiştir. Sabit debi değerlerinde filtre uzunluğunun toplam dinamik yükseklik (TDY) üzerine bir etkisi olmamıştır. Sonuç olarak; kuyu filtre uzunluğunun pompaj parametreleri üzerine etki ettiği belirlenmiştir.
Sulama kuyularında çakıl zonu genişliklerinin kritik dalma derinliğine ve vorteks oluşumuna etkisi
(2019) Ozbek, Osman
Bu çalışma tipik bir sulama amaçlı derin kuyu modeli üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada hidrolik yük, teçhiz borusu çapı filtre tipi, filtre uzunluğu ve pompa tipi sabit tutulmuştur. Bu çalışmada sulama amaçlı derin kuyu donanımlarından çakıl zonu genişliğinin üç farklı seviyesi için, değişik pompa debisi ve dalma derinliklerinde gürültü seviyesi, çıkış basıncı, vakum basıncı, su giriş hızları, çekilen güç değerleri ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen ölçümler sonucunda farklı çakıl zonu genişliklerinin kritik dalma derinliğine, vorteks dalma derinliği ve tipine, gürültü ve güç değerlerine etkisi belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre her üç çakıl zonu genişliği için de debi arttıkça kritik dalma derinliği artmıştır. Kritik dalma derinliği, sabit debide ve farklı çakıl zonu kalınlıklarında belirgin bir değişim göstermemiştir. Kritik dalma derinliği tüm kombinasyonlar da 257.6 ile 617.7 mm arasında değişmiştir. Düşük dalma derinliklerinde oluşan vorteks dalma derinliği genel olarak debinin artması ile artmıştır. Vortekslerin tipleri debi ve dalma derinliğine bağlı olarak değişim göstermiştir. Genel olarak düşük dalma derinliklerinde sürekli hava girişli vorteks oluşurken, biraz daha yüksek dalma derinliklerinde oluşan vorteksler hava girişi olmayan tip olarak tespit edilmiştir. Pompanın sabit debi değerlerinde farklı dalma derinliklerinde oluşturduğu gürültü seviyelerinin ortalamaları en düşük ÇZK1 kombinasyonunda en yüksek ise ÇZK3 kombinasyonunda elde edildiği görülmüştür. Çakıl zonu genişliklerinin pompa kritik dalma derinliğine doğrudan etkisinin olmadığı, ancak dolaylı olarak etkilediği belirlenmiştir.
Energy balance for camelina under Turkish Conditions
(2018) Şeflek, Ali Yavuz; Acaroğlu, Mustafa; Dokumacı, Keziban Yalçın; Özbek, Osman; Hacıseferoğulları, Haydar
Widespread of camelina culture in Turkey will provide an alternative oil crop to country. With camelinaculture, cooking oil deficit of the country may be reduced, pulp production may be increased and the plant can alsobe used as biodiesel source. Thus, camelina will definitely be a significant crop for the country economy. Energybalances are significant indicators in assessment and comparison of production methods. In this study, energy balanceof camelina, a new crop in Turkey, was investigated. Experimental results and calculations for a yield of 0.756t ha-1 revealed the total energy input as 15 347.20 MJ ha-1, the total energy output as 77 390.73 MJ ha-1, energyefficiency as 5.04 and the Net Energy Ratio (NER) as 4.04.

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