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Öğe Effect of Bullet Velocity on Target Ballistics(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2024) Akbaş, Kemal Furkan; Neşeli, Süleyman; Kocaaslan, OsmanThis study investigates the effect of the distance-dependent velocity of the bullet on the target. Inthis study, a 5.56x45 mm NATO bullet is used. The target plate is made of AISI 1020 withdimensions of 75x80x3 mm. The study is conducted numerically using the LS-Dyna modulewithin ANSYS Workbench. Analyses are performed for distances of 200, 250, 300, and 350meters, and as a result of these analyses, the stresses, velocity, and displacements of the bullet areanalyzed for both perforation and non-perforation of the target plate. When the results obtainedwithout working are examined, in the shot made from 200 meters, the maximum stress on thetarget plate is between 400-450 MPa, displacement is 35 mm, and the minimum velocity of thebullet after hitting the target plate is between 200-250 m/s. In the shot made from 350 meters, themaximum stress on the target plate is between 300-350 MPa, displacement is 10.5 mm, and theminimum velocity of the bullet after hitting the target plate is between 0-50 m/s. According tothese results, as the distance between the bullet and the target plate increases, the stress on thetarget plate has decreased by approximately 25%, displacement by 70%, and the velocity of thebullet by 80%.Öğe Analysis of the Effect of the Noise Created in the Turning Process on the Cutting Parameters and Surface Roughness(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2024) İnan, Cansu; Neşeli, SüleymanTurning process is a manufacturing method made with single-mouth cutting tools and is quitewidely used. There are many factors that affect the process in the turning process(cuttingparameters, workpiece characteristics, insert characteristics, etc.) are. The selection of these factorsaffecting the cutting process directly affects the surface roughness value and noise ratio that willoccur on the workpiece surface. In this study, the relationships between the noise ratio intensitycaused by the contact on the tool-workpiece interface during the manufacturing processes and thecutting parameters used were analyzed by examining. Under dry turning conditions, Threedifferent revolutions (477, 630, 870 rpm), three different feed rates (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mm / revolution)and three different chip depths (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mm) were used according to the 𝐿9 orthogonalexperimental scheme to measure the roughness and noise. It is aimed to determine the mosteffective parameters by evaluating them with graphs obtained from the data. It was concluded thatthe most effective parameters for roughness among the selected parameters were feed rate,revolution speed and chip depth respectively, while the most effective parameters for noise ratiointensity were revolution speed, chip depth and feed rate.Öğe Evaluation of the Soil Classification Based on Physical and Geo-technical Properties(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2024) Hussein, Balsam Khalid; Yurdakul, Eren; Doğruöz, Cihan; Kılıç, Mehtap GülsünSoil properties are utilized to estimate serious and major effects on the grounds' structure. It isimportant that the physical, chemical, and engineering parameters employed for soil are influencedby the stresses in geo-technical engineering. The geo-technical analyses are necessary to figureout the soil characteristics. These analyses are used to design and model the constructions on theground. Index properties of soil samples from Baghdad city in Iraq were investigated within thescope of this study. Liquidity and plasticity limits increase with the rise in organic matter (OM)content in the soil. This study shows the existence of organic matters from 0% to 20% results inthe increase of compression index (1.6%), coefficient of consolidation (25.49%) and secondarycompression values (2.694%) in soil.Öğe Multi-lingual Speech Emotion Recognition System Using Machine Learning(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2024) Çolakoğlu, Emel; Hızlısoy, Serhat; Arslan, Recep SinanPredicting emotions from speech in different languages with high accuracy has been a challengingtask for researchers in recent years. When we delve into the studies conducted in this field, it isclear that researchers generally try to recognize emotions from speech in their traditional language.However, these studies cannot be generalized for multi-lingual environments around the globe.The Turkish speech emotional dataset, which was created for use in our previous studies, wasfurther expanded for use in this study too. Emo-db dataset was also used to benchmark the successof the proposed model. Various pre-processing stages such as standardization, sorting andresampling were applied to the data in the datasets to increase the performance of the model.OpenSMILE toolbox, which is frequently encountered in studies, was used to obtain features thatprovide meaningful information corresponding to the emotion in speech, and thousands of featureswere obtained from emobase2010 and emo_large feature sets. 8 different machine learningalgorithms were used in the model to classify 4 different emotions for the Turkish dataset and 7different emotions for the Emo-db dataset. The best recognition rates were achieved with 92.73%and 96.3%, respectively, for the Turkish dataset consisting of 1099 records and the Emo-db datasetconsisting of 535 records, using the Emobase2010 as a feature set and Logistic Regression as aclassifier.Öğe Assessment of Strength Characteristics of Propylene Glycol Self-curing Concrete(Selçuk Üniversitesi, Ağustos, 2023) Amusan, Grace Modupeola; Orogbade, Blessing Olufunmi; Adekunle Ibrahim Musa; Opafola, Omobolaji Taofeek; Adeyemi, Hezekiah OluwoleConcrete with special features of self-curing had assisted in ameliorating the problem of improper curing in construction industries. This study evaluated the use of Propylene Glycol (PG) in the compressive and flexural strength of self-curing concrete. Concrete grades M15, M20, and M30 were batched by weight, and propylene glycol was added to the mix, within the dosage of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2%, respectively. Concrete cubes and prisms of sizes 150 × 150 × 150 mm and 100 × 100 × 400 mm were cast from the mixtures and allowed to cure internally in the open air for 28 days to produce Propylene Glycol Self-Cured Concrete (PGSCC). Two control samples were cast without PG addition, cured by ponding and open air for 28 days to produce Open-air Cured Concrete (OCC) and Ponding Cured Concrete (PCC). Compressive and flexural strength tests were conducted on the PGSCC and control samples. PGSCC had compressive strengths of 18.67, 22.40, and 31.29 N/mm2 and flexural strengths of 3.24, 3.55, and 4.20 N/mm2 compared to the control’s compressive strengths of 16.41, 20.59, and 27.70 N/mm2 and flexural strengths 3.03, 3.43 and 3.95 N/mm2 for concrete grade M15, 20 and 30, respectively. Propylene glycol addition within the dosage of 0.5 to 1.5% in concrete improves the compressive and flexural strength of concrete. The use of propylene glycol was found to be effective and a good agent for self-curing concrete technology.Öğe Development of an Inductive Wireless Charger for Mobile Phones(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023 Aralık) Odeyemi, Olumide Samuel; Surajudeen-Bakinde, Nazmat Toyin; Ehiagwina, Frederick Ojiemhende; Afolabi, Akindele Segun; Abdullateef, Ayodele IsqeelThis research focuses on designing and constructing a wireless charger for mobile phones. The wireless charging technique used is the inductive technique, which involves designing and constructing a power supply unit, an oscillator circuit, the transmitter and receiver coils, and rectification and filtering circuits. The oscillator circuit converts the 9 V DC voltage from the power supply unit to an oscillating magnetic field of high frequency (about 200 kHz) on the transmitter coil. This time-varying magnetic field induces EMF on the receiver coil according to the principles of mutual inductance. The induced voltage on the receiver coil is then passed through the required circuits for rectification, filtering, and regulation. The output of the receiver unit is used to charge a mobile phone. ATMEGA328P microcontroller is also embedded in the wireless charger to detect and display the working state of the wireless charger through the 16 x 2 LCD to make the device more user-friendly and easier to use. Based on the design, the wireless charger can produce up to 5 V voltage and 450 mA current at the output of the receiver circuit, which are the minimum requirements for charging a mobile phone. Also, the wireless charger can charge a mobile phone effectively at a distance of 6 cm. The embedded microcontroller unit also enhances the interaction between the wireless charger and the users.Öğe Construction Knowhow and Conditions Due to Structural and Architectural Restoration of a Historical Town Center Inn(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023 Aralık) Yazgan, İlhan Okan; Ünay, Ali İhsanThe structural and architectural functions of historical buildings are disrupted due to natural and man-made hazards. Even at their severely ruined state, these buildings keep their cultural and historical values. Complex structural system and load transmission mechanism of masonry historical assets become more unpredictable, when the building is in a ruined or partially collapsed state. In such cases, delayed or inappropriate structural strengthening decisions may change the structural behavior of the building, causing further damage or total collapse. Alacahan is a stone masonry building, located in the center of the commercial district of Trabzon. The building, dated around 18th century, was originally functioning as an inner-city inn. Building was severely neglected and totally abandoned for decades. Various means of commercial activities and spatial needs caused major changes in the structural system of the building. These interventions gathering with negligence and damage, effected the structural performance of the masonry system in a very negative manner. Eventually Alacahan collapsed partially in February 2012 without any seismic impact. This study examines how the special construction techniques applied within the scope of the structural and architectural restoration projects of Alacahan building improve the deteriorated structural integrity. The expected failures, corresponding preventive and controlling repairs, and strengthening measures are also be discussed in the article. Guidelines for construction knowhow and conditions due to structural and architectural restoration works are also included to provide an example to the assessment works that aim to improve the structural performance of Alacahan.Öğe Length Estimation of Moving Objects With Ann and Gripping With Robotic Arm(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023 Aralık) Uçar, Kürşad; Koçer, Hasan ErdinçIt is possible to obtain general information about objects with image processing. However, while measuring the size of objects, especially with 2D cameras, the calibrated systems have been worked with restrictions such as fixed length and distance. However, without depth information and for objects of arbitrary positions and lengths, calculating their dimensions is a rather difficult task. In this study, an ANN-based application was carried out to calculate the amount of movement and the length of the object by viewing the moving objects from the side and top with two cameras. Objects moving on the conveyor belt are detected by deep learning-based YOLO. The motion amount of the object was calculated in the second image with the template created on the detected objects. An ANN is trained with the amount of movement and position information measured by two cameras. At the end of the training, the network estimates the lengths of the objects with small errors. The speed of the objects was calculated according to the calculated length and the targets were grasped with a robot arm.Öğe Audio & Video Forensics – A New Direction for Electronic Engineering Lecturing(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023 Aralık) Robinson, Colin; Burrell, Helen; McColl, Suzzanne M.; Bennett, Helen A.; Morrisson, Kay; Jones, Karl O.Across the UK, the number of students wishing to study a degree in Electrical/Electronic Engineering is on the decline, hence University departments need to find additional areas of teaching. Liverpool John Moores University has found one area where our knowledge of mathematics, signal processing and technology is pivotal in forensic analysis of audio and/or video recordings. The paper describes how we created an MSc in Audio and Video Forensics, the reasoning behind the course and its importance within the UK Criminal Justice Systems.Öğe Impact of Autonomous Vehicles on Traffic Efficiency and Emissions at a Freeway Off-Ramp(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023 Aralık) Yavuz, Mehmet Nedim; Özen, HalitIn the last few years, autonomous vehicle technology has become increasingly popular in both the academic and private sectors due to its potential to change the existing transportation networks. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of autonomous vehicles in terms of traffic efficiency and emissions over a hypothetical freeway network with an off-ramp. To this end, an open-source simulation tool, Eclipse SUMO, is utilized, considering the varying traffic demand levels and penetration rates of AVs. Total travel time is used as an indicator of traffic efficiency. Also, traffic emissions (CO, HC, and NOx) are utilized as comparison outputs. As a result of this study, AVs provide improvements in traffic efficiency. When the volume of traffic reaches the capacity of the road, this beneficial effect becomes more obvious. However, the increase in penetration rate of AVs when traffic volume reaches the capacity of the road leads to more traffic emissions.Öğe Numerical Simulation of the Synthetic Strain Energy and Crack Characterization Parameters Using the Fem Method of a Two-Dimensional Multi-Position Model(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023 Aralık) Bentahar, Mohammed; Benzaama, HabibFracture mechanics is a science that studies the growth and propagation of cracks, as well as the ability to absorb cracks of a component or material under service conditions (operation, service life, etc.). This paper deals with the numerical modeling of the strain energy evolution (ALLAE), the J integral and stress intensity factors, of a multi-position initial crack of length a = 1mm. The first part is based on the study of the positions of the cracks of the upper face which contain positive values, and the second part of the study is based on the study of the positions of the cracks of the lower face which contain negative values. The finite element method was used on a two dimensional model in the first mode I. Additionally, elasto-plastics material was applied. Thus, the CPS8, 8-node biquadratic plane stress quadrilateral elements were used. The crack is then modeled numerically using the ABAQUS finite element calculation code. In addition, the results obtained concerning the numerical modeling were compared, and discussed between the different positions either higher dimensions y=8, 6.4, 4.8, 3.2 and 1.6mm or lower dimensions y= -6.4, -4.8, -3.2 and 1.6mm. A good correspondence was obtained between the different comparison results in all the modeling cases of our work. When there is a crack on the upper face, the real KI varies between 50 and 92 (Mpa?m), the KII varies between -8 and 8.8 (Mpa?m). Thus, the integral J varies between 3 × 10-8 and 1.2 × 10-7 (KJ/m2 ) and the dissipation energy ALLAE varies between 0 and 3 × 10-11 (J). In addition, when there is a crack on the lower side, the varied KI factor between 45 and 85 (Mpa?m), KII varies between -0.5 and 7 (Mpa?m) Thus, the integral-J varies between 3×10-8 and 1×10-7 (KJ/m2 ) and the dissipation energy ALLAE varies between 0 and 2×10-11(J).Öğe Structural Analysis for Topology Optimization of a Jet Engine Bracket(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023 Aralık) Koçak, Alp Timuçin; Saraç, İsmailThe main purpose of topology optimization is to determine the non-load-bearing or low-load bearing volumetric elements in the structure and to ensure that they are volumetrically removed from the structure. Since the non-load bearing elements will be removed from the structure, the topological density of the structure will decrease, but its strength will not be affected significantly. Thus, lighter, but sufficiently durable structures can be obtained. Achieving a light structure in designs will provide an economical solution as it will mean using less material. In order to make a topology optimization, the designed basic geometry is subjected to structural analysis and thus the load paths on the structure are determined. Then, topology optimization is applied to the structure. In this study, firstly, literature information about the development of topology optimization was given, then, structural linear static analysis of a bracket used as a fastener in a jet engine was performed using ABAQUS software. Required geometry, load conditions and material information were gathered from an online design challenge announced by General Electric in 2013. As requested, Ti6Al4V powder material properties were defined for the bracket material. The aim of the study is to determine the load paths on the bracket and to decide whether the bracket, which is not topologically optimized, will remain in the linear elastic region against the applied loads. As a result of the analysis, the load paths inside the jet engine bracket were determined and the bracket was prepared for a topology optimization to minimize mass and maximize rigidity.Öğe Sound Problem of Ship Engines and Its Effect on Seafarers(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023 Aralık) Alevay Kılıç, Gülenay; Büyükacar, OkanThe capacity of fishing, passenger, yacht and recreational vessels, especially dry cargo ships and tankers, is increasing day by day due to the geographical location of our country. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the acoustics and vibration, which are dominant in the occupational health of seafarers, whose number reaches almost 2 million all around the world today. The most accurate method to be taken for the improvement of mechanical systems that cause noise, vibration and reverberation is to eliminate the problem at the source as much as possible. For this purpose, since the machine designs cannot be interfered with, it should be solved at the source of the vibro acoustic with the use of sound absorbing materials in the machine spaces before it spreads to the space. In this study, the negative and positive effects of the materials used so far for the solution proposals for the sound and vibration problem are compared and the optimum solution proposals are listed. The nickel foam panel layer thickness is 5mm and the sound absorption coefficient in the frequency range of 1000–2000 Hz reaches approximately 0.4. The average sound absorption coefficient of the copper foam panel is 12.6% at the same thickness [1]. Therefore, sound absorption performance in the audible low frequency range for a nickel foam panel requires an appropriate structural design [2]. In addition, the occupational health and safety of seafarers were evaluated. The effect of exposure to noise and vibration, which consists of work routines on ships, high risk frequency and high-intensity operations, on work stress has been analyzed. The data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed statistically through multiple and simple regression analyses.Öğe Enhancing Mechanical Properties of High-Density Polyethylene with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: A Predictive Artificial Neural Network Approach(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023 Ağustos) Ekinci, Şerafettin; Taşyürek, Mustafa; Kahramanlı Örnek, HumarComposite materials have been enhanced by incorporating Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs) into polymers to achieve superior mechanical properties. High-density polyethylene (HDPE), a versatile polymer, can benefit from nanoparticle reinforcement to enhance its mechanical properties. In this research, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with weight fractions of 1%, 3%, and 5% were incorporated into polyethylene (PE) through melt blending using a twinscrew extruder. The resulting multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/HDPE composite was molded into tensile test bars using the injection technique. Tensile tests were conducted on the samples using a hydraulic tester in accordance with ASTM D 638 standards. To predict properties such as elongation at break, maximum force, and maximum stress, four distinct Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were developed. Statistical metrics such as R2 , MAE, and RMSE were employed to assess the performance of these models. The outcomes demonstrate that the model trained with the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm exhibited superior predictive accuracy compared to the other models.Öğe Improving The Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Based 3D Printing Materials: Current Methods and Applications(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023 Ağustos) Gezer, Furkan Hakkı; Şahin, İsmailAdvancements in technology have led to the growing popularity of additive manufacturing (AM), commonly referred to as 3D printing. The Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) method, alternatively known as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), involves the layer-by-layer melting of thermoplastic filaments to create 3D scaffolds or models. FDM is used more frequently than other methods due to its easy use and low cost. It finds extensive applications across diverse fields, including automotive, biomedical, aerospace, household and educational tools. Polylactic Acid (PLA) is commonly used in FDM 3D applications due to its structural properties such as low melting point, non-toxicity, non-irritation and good biological compatibility and has become more popular over time. PLA has become more popular due to its compatibility and the advantages it offers. However, although PLA has many advantages, it also has some disadvantages. One of the most significant drawbacks is its weak mechanical behaviour. Several research studies have been conducted to enhance the mechanical behaviour of these objects. These studies generally include the addition of another biomaterial, metal or composite to the structure of PLA, finding the optimum printing parameters (such as nozzle temperature, printing angle, printing density, layer thickness), selecting appropriate printing patterns and developing different unit cells. In recent times, there have been endeavors to adopt a fresh approach distinct from previous studies. The properties of PLA have been examined using different methods, comparative analyses have been conducted using various models and unit cells, scaffolds have been created by incorporating different materials into the structure of PLA and various analyses have been performed on these scaffolds. Recent studies conducted using novel methods are mentioned in this review article.Öğe Three Different Modified Discrete Versions of Dynamic Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm For Detection of Cohesive Subgroups in Social Networks(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023 Ağustos) Koç, İsmailMany networks in nature, society and technology are represented by the level of organization, where groups of nodes form tightly connected units called communities or modules that are only weakly connected to each other. Social networks can be thought of as a group or community, which are groups of nodes with a large number of connections to each other. Identifying these communities by modularity helps to solve the modularity maximization problem. The modularity value determines the quality of the resulting community. Community detection (CD) helps to uncover potential sub-community structures in the network that play a critical role in various research areas. Since CD problems have NP-hard problem structure, it is very difficult to obtain the optimal modularity value with classical methods. Therefore, metaheuristics are frequently preferred in the literature for solving CD problems. In this study, the DAOA algorithm, which has been recently proposed for solving continuous problems, is adapted to the CD problem. In order to improve the solution quality of the DAOA algorithm, some modifications were made in the core parameters. In addition, global and local search supports were added to the DAOA algorithm and three different modifications were applied to the algorithm in total. According to the results performed under equal conditions, among the three modified algorithms, the algorithm with parameter modification was the best in 2 out of 5 networks. DAOA with global search was the best in 3 networks, while the algorithm with local search was the best in 2 networks. However, the basic DAOA could not achieve the best result in any of the 5 networks. This clearly shows the success of the modifications on the algorithm. On the other hand, when compared with the algorithms in the literature, the proposed DAOA algorithm achieved 80% success out of 10 algorithms in total. This shows that the proposed DAOA algorithm can be used as an alternative for discrete problemsÖğe EEG-Based Autism Spectrum Disorder Detection: A Bibliometric Analysis(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2022 Ağustos) Aljanabi, Ehssan; Türker, İlkerAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common disease in society. Many parents suffer from ignorance of these disorders. Despite the wide prevalence and severity of these disorders, we know little about the neurological basis of the interventions for the purpose of identifying these disorders. One of the popular methods to detect ASD is the Electroencephalography (EEG) signal analysis, thanks to its non-invasive, inexpensive, and accessible nature compared to other neuroimaging technologies. This study contains an overview of detecting ASD with EEG with a bibliometric view driven by the publication statistics provided from the Web of Science database. The analysis includes statistical inferences on the number of publications and received citations in yearly resolution, distribution of document types, research areas, countries, together with the most influential publications, institutions, authors, and journalÖğe Assessment of Strength Characteristics of Propylene Glycol Self-Curing Concrete(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023 Ağustos) Amusan, Grace Modupeola; Orogbade, Blessing Olufunmi; Musa, Adekunle Ibrahim; Opafola, Omobolaji Taofeek; Adeyemi, Hezekiah OluwoleConcrete with special features of self-curing had assisted in ameliorating the problem of improper curing in construction industries. This study evaluated the use of Propylene Glycol (PG) in the compressive and flexural strength of self-curing concrete. Concrete grades M15, M20, and M30 were batched by weight, and propylene glycol was added to the mix, within the dosage of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2%, respectively. Concrete cubes and prisms of sizes 150 × 150 × 150 mm and 100 × 100 × 400 mm were cast from the mixtures and allowed to cure internally in the open air for 28 days to produce Propylene Glycol Self-Cured Concrete (PGSCC). Two control samples were cast without PG addition, cured by ponding and open air for 28 days to produce Open-air Cured Concrete (OCC) and Ponding Cured Concrete (PCC). Compressive and flexural strength tests were conducted on the PGSCC and control samples. PGSCC had compressive strengths of 18.67, 22.40, and 31.29 N/mm2 and flexural strengths of 3.24, 3.55, and 4.20 N/mm2 compared to the control’s compressive strengths of 16.41, 20.59, and 27.70 N/mm2 and flexural strengths 3.03, 3.43 and 3.95 N/mm2 for concrete grade M15, 20 and 30, respectively. Propylene glycol addition within the dosage of 0.5 to 1.5% in concrete improves the compressive and flexural strength of concrete. The use of propylene glycol was found to be effective and a good agent for self-curing concrete technology.Öğe A Review of the Usability of Photogrammetry Technique for Studying the Structural Behavior of Historical Buildings(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023 Nisan) Kutlu, Izzettin; Soyluk, Asena; Aydın, SerdarThe structural integrity and performance of historical buildings are important factors in their survival for generations. There are many research and development in the examination of structural behavior of historical buildings, with technological developments that allow innovative techniques spread very rapidly in design and construction practice. Conventional surveying techniques that still exist in practice are replaced with their enhanced digital counterparts for more accuracy in measuring structural deformation. As one of the novel techniques, photogrammetry provides 3D digital models out of high-quality images which define the level of detail in preservation and documentation projects. Especially in numerical modeling of historical buildings, it is required to ensure a certain level of accuracy in the digitization of complex geometrical and material properties, for which photogrammetry provides easy-to-use, inexpensive and time-saving solutions. In the context of studying cultural heritage, which possess unique architectural and cultural values, it is essential to examine structural and seismic behavior of historical buildings and monuments. Within this context, it is highly important to conceive new methods that integrate the monitoring processes of structural behaviors of historical buildings and innovative technologies. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the advantages in the use of photogrammetry for studying the structural behavior of historical buildings, which fills an important research gap in the field. The study provides an extensive review of the literature that focuses on the use of photogrammetry by classifying the works according to the headings of “topic,” “methodology,” “site,” and “findings.” One of the findings is that there is a limited number of works that attempt to integrate the use of photogrammetry with structural analysis. Despite the confirmed effectiveness of the method, it is found out that there are four studies that focus on photogrammetry to conduct structural analysis. With the increased use of photogrammetry that is computationally inexpensive and timesaving, it will be advantageous for researchers, engineers and surveyors who work on taking important decisions about the preservation of historical buildings. Besides, the research shows the potential of the technology of photogrammetry as a holistic approach for bringing together the disciplines of architecture and engineering that usually require two distinct expertise in terms of analyzing the structural behavior of historical buildings under static and dynamic loads.Öğe The Influence of Various Additives on the Plasticity Properties of Clayey Soil(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2023 Nisan) Demiröz, Atila; Saran, Onur; Hamed, Elnour Ahmed AbdallahProperties of clayey soils including cohesion, plasticity, and shrinkage are crucial. Plasticity has a substantial impact on the geotechnical properties of clayey soils. Generally, high plasticity clayey soils have low bearing capacity and high swelling and settlement potential. For this reason, they are often not recommended as foundation ground. When these types of soils come into touch with water, they may undergo swelling, shrinking and immediate settlement. This situation negatively affects the structures established on the ground such as (road pavements, light constructions, etc.). Soil stabilization procedures including the addition of various chemical additives to the soil are extensively employed in this situation. In recent studies, many additives such as cement, lime, fly ash, silica fume have been added to various soil types and their effects on the geotechnical properties of soils have been investigated. The effects of various additions on the consistency limits of high plastic clayey soil were investigated in this study. The clayey soil was submitted to liquid limit and plastic limit tests by adding silica fume, lime, and fly ash at varying ratios. As a results, the chemicals utilized in the study were shown to considerably reduce the plasticity index of the soil. Lime has been determined to be the most effective additive on the consistency limits among the additives used.
