XVI. yüzyılda Osmanlı ve Babürlülerin Gayr-i Müslim Politikaları
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Hindistan, Anadolu ve Avrupa coğrafyası he ne kadar birbirinden oldukça uzak
olsa da, farklı dönemlerde bu bölgelerde kurulmuş Türk devletleri ve bu devletlerin
hâkimiyetinde yaşayanların dini inanışları, yaşam tarzları, kendine has ortamları,
kültür ve gelenekleri açısından farklı ve ortak yönleri bulunmaktadır. İslam’ın ortaya
çıkışı ve XI. yüzyıldan itibaren Türk fetihlerinin bu iki bölgede yoğunlaşması, bu
bölgelerin kaderini değiştirmekte oldukça etkili olmuştur. İnsanlık tarihinde ziraat,
askeri faaliyetler, siyasi değişimler, bilimsel faaliyetler ve denizcilik alanında önemli
gelişmeler yaşanmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra dünya nüfusunun artması ve yeni dünyanın
keşfi XVI. yüzyılda Osmanlıları ve Babürlüleri birçok açıdan etkilemiştir. Bu durum
XVII. yüzyıl dünyasında önemli sonuçlar doğurmuştur. İki devletin de Müslüman ve
Türk olmalarına rağmen genel politikaları ve gayrimüslümlere karşı tutumlarında
benzerlikler olduğu gibi farklılıklar da vardır. Bu devletlere özellikle gayrimüslim
tebaalarıyla ilişikleri açısından bakıldığında uyguladıkları politika daha sonra kurulan
devletler için örnek teşkil edebilecek mahiyettedir.
Bu asırda, Osmanlılar ve Babürlü devletleri siyasî fetihler yapmakla
yetinmeyip, gayrimüslim tebaasına verdiği hakları, tanıdığı dini ve dünyevi özgürlük,
ortak ticarî ve ilmi faaliyetler açısından da oldukça yüksek bir seviyeye ulaşmışlardır.
Gayrimüslim tebaa konusunda Osmanlı tebaası ehl-i kitap olması ve Babürlü tebaanın
büyük kısmının pagan olması temel yapı olarak farklık göstermektedir. XVI. yüzyılda
Babürlü Devleti daha kuruluş dönemini yaşarken Osmanlı Devleti ise en ihtişamlı
dönemini yaşamaktadır. Bu yüzden bu iki devlet arasında karşılaştırma yapılması zor
olsa bile oldukça dikkat çekici bir konudur. Bu çalışmada, Osmanlılar ve Babürlerin
gayrimüslim tebaası ile olan ilişkileri ayrıntılılı olarak ortaya konulmaya ve mukayese
edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Although Anatolia, Europe, and India are geographically quite far apart from one another, the Turkish states that have been established there over the years and the populations that have lived there have distinct and shared characteristics in terms of their religions, way of life, special environments, culture, and traditions. The advent of Islam and the concentration of Turkish conquests in these two territories starting in the 11th century had a significant impact on the course of these two regions’ history. Important advancements have been made in the realms of agriculture, warfare, politics, science, and seafaring throughout the course of human history. The Ottomans and the Mughals were also significantly impacted by the growth in global population and the discovery of the New World in the 16th century. The world of the 17th century was affected negatively by this circumstance. Despite the fact that both states were made up of Turks and Muslims, there were some common policies and attitudes regarding non-Muslims that were shared by both. When we examine these governments, particularly in terms of their interactions with their non-Muslim citizens, the policies they adopted can be used as a model for states that were established later. The Ottoman and Mughal governments achieved a very high level in this century in terms of the rights they accorded to their non-Muslim people, the religious and secular freedoms they acknowledged, and the shared commercial and scientific endeavors. These nations not only made political victories. In terms of non-Muslim subjects, there is a contrast in the fundamental structure, with the Ottoman subjects being people of the book and the bulk of the Mughal subjects being pagans. The Ottoman empire was at its most magnificent era when the Mughal state was still in its founding years in the 16th century. Because of this, it is pretty astonishing even if it is challenging to compare these two states. The relationship between the Ottomans and the Mughals and their non-Muslim people has been extensively compared and described in this research.
Although Anatolia, Europe, and India are geographically quite far apart from one another, the Turkish states that have been established there over the years and the populations that have lived there have distinct and shared characteristics in terms of their religions, way of life, special environments, culture, and traditions. The advent of Islam and the concentration of Turkish conquests in these two territories starting in the 11th century had a significant impact on the course of these two regions’ history. Important advancements have been made in the realms of agriculture, warfare, politics, science, and seafaring throughout the course of human history. The Ottomans and the Mughals were also significantly impacted by the growth in global population and the discovery of the New World in the 16th century. The world of the 17th century was affected negatively by this circumstance. Despite the fact that both states were made up of Turks and Muslims, there were some common policies and attitudes regarding non-Muslims that were shared by both. When we examine these governments, particularly in terms of their interactions with their non-Muslim citizens, the policies they adopted can be used as a model for states that were established later. The Ottoman and Mughal governments achieved a very high level in this century in terms of the rights they accorded to their non-Muslim people, the religious and secular freedoms they acknowledged, and the shared commercial and scientific endeavors. These nations not only made political victories. In terms of non-Muslim subjects, there is a contrast in the fundamental structure, with the Ottoman subjects being people of the book and the bulk of the Mughal subjects being pagans. The Ottoman empire was at its most magnificent era when the Mughal state was still in its founding years in the 16th century. Because of this, it is pretty astonishing even if it is challenging to compare these two states. The relationship between the Ottomans and the Mughals and their non-Muslim people has been extensively compared and described in this research.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Babürlüler, Osmanlılar, XVI. yüzyıl, Gayr-i Müslim, Politikaları, Mughals, Ottomans, 16th Century, Non-Muslim, Policies
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Alı, H. A., (2023). XVI. yüzyılda Osmanlı ve Babürlülerin Gayr-i Müslim Politikaları. (Doktora Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
