Akkeçilerde farklı altlık sistemlerinin süt verimine, somatik hücre sayısına, hayvan davranışlarına ve refahına etkisi
Yükleniyor...
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırmada, Akkeçilerde farklı altlık sistemlerinin (ızgara. kauçuk ve beton), süt verimine ve birleşenlerine, somatik hücre sayısına, hayvan davranışlarına ve refahına etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın materyalini 2-4 yaşlı 15 baş dişi Akkeçi oluşturmuştur. Keçilerin barınaklarındaki dinlenme alanları 3'e bölünmüş ve ızgara, kauçuk ve beton zemin üzerine saman serilerek altıklar hazırlanmıştır. Keçilerden aylık kontrol sağımlarıyla elde edilen verilerden Trapez II yöntemiyle laktasyon süt verimi ve süresi hesaplanmıştır. Laktasyon dönemi boyunca kontrol sağımlarında süt örnekleri alınarak, sütte yağ (%), protein (%), laktoz (%), yağsız kuru madde (%), elektriksel iletkenlik (µS/cm), donma noktası (°C), yoğunluk (kg/m3) ve pH içerikleri ile somatik hücre sayısı (SHS) belirlenmiştir. Süt bileşenlerinin analizleri, Süt Analiz Cihazında (Milkotester Master Pro, Milk Analyzer) gerçekleştirilmiştir. SHS'nın belirlenmesinde standart analiz yöntemi (mikroskopla sayım) uygulanmıştır. Buna ek olarak keçilerin davranışını tespit etmek amacıyla, işletmede dört mevsim ve her mevsimi temsil eden 10 gün süresince toplamda 40 gün kamerayla kayıt yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın yürütüldüğü bölmelere yerleştirilmiş kameralarla günün 24 saati sürekli çekim yapılarak keçilerin davranışları gözlemlenmiştir. Refah verileri ise, Avrupa Birliği tarafından desteklene AWIN projesinin ortaya koyduğu protokolü kullanmak suretiyle, 15 gün arayla toplanmıştır. Araştırmada zemin tipi, sağım zamanı ve laktasyon dönemleri arasındaki farklılıklar, faktöriyel düzende tekrarlanan ölçümlü varyans analizi tekniği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Davranış bakımından mevsimlerin ve altlık tiplerinin arasında istatistik bir fark olup olmadığının belirlenmesinde faktöriyel düzende tekrarlanan ölçüm varyans analiz tekniği yanında Friedman testi uygulanmıştır. Süt bileşenleri bakımından, pH hariç, üzerinde durulan tüm özelliklerde laktasyon dönemleri arasındaki farklılıklar istatistik olarak önemli bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Sütteki yağ (%) ve yağsız kuru madde oranı (%) bakımından yapılan varyans analizinde sağım zamanı x laktasyon dönemi interaksiyonu istatistik olarak önemli (p<0.05), pH değeri bakımından da zemin tiplerinin ortalamaları arasındaki farkların istatistik olarak önemli (p<0.05) olduğu bulunmuştur. Davranışlar incelendiğinde, yatma süresi, yem yeme süresi, ayakta geviş getirme süresi ve yatarak geviş getirme süreleri bakımından sadece mevsimlerin arasındaki farklar istatistik olarak önemli (p<0.05) bulunurken, hareket etme süresi ve su içme (adet) davranışları bakımından da mevsimler arasındaki fark istatistik olarak önemli bulunmuştur (p<0.01). Ayakta durma süresi ve idrar (adet) davranışları bakımından ise altlık tipleri ve mevsim interaksiyonu sırasıyla %5 ve %1 seviyelerinde istatistik olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak altık sistemleri (Izgara, kauçuk ve beton) araştırmada üzerinde durulan özelikler bakımından değerlendirildiğinde; Kauçuk altık sisteminin gereken eğimi sağlamak koşuluyla diğer altık sistemlerine kıyasla daha ekonomik, dayanaklı ve tercih edilebilir olduğu müşahede edilmiştir. Ayrıca kauçuk altık sisteminde yaralanma oranı da düşük olup, özelikle yaz aylarında dineme açısından keçiler tarafından daha fazla tercih edilmektedir.
In this study, the effects of different litter systems (grid, rubber, and concrete) on milk yield, components, somatic cell count, animal behavior, and welfare in Akkeçi goats were investigated. The material of the study consisted of 15 female Akkeçi goats aged 2-4 years. The resting areas of the goats' shelters were divided into three pens and use with grids, rubber on the grids and straw on the concrete floor. Lactation milk yield and duration were calculated using the Trapez II method based on monthly control milkings data. In the course of the lactation period, milk samples were taken during control milkings to investigate fat (%), protein (%), lactose (%), non-fat dry matter (%), electrical conductivity (µS/cm), freezing point (°C), density (kg/m3), pH content and somatic cell count (SCC) in the milk. The analyses of milk components were performed using Milkotester Master Pro and Milk Analyzer. Standard analysis method (microscopic counting) was applied for SCC determination. Additionally, to observe the goat behaviors, one camera was set up in each trial pens and a total of 40 days in which 10 days representing each of the four seasons were recorded. Continuous recordings were made 24 hours a day with cameras placed in the areas where the research was conducted to observe the goat behaviors. Welfare data were collected every 15 days using the protocol put forward by the AWIN project supported by the European Union. Differences between flooring types, milking times, and lactation periods were evaluated using factorial repeated measures analysis technique. To determine if there was a statistical difference between seasons and litter types in terms of behavior, Friedman test was applied in addition to the factorial repeated measures analysis technique. For milk components, except for pH, differences between lactation periods were found to be statistically significant in all features emphasized (p <0.05). In the variance analysis of milk fat (%) and non-fat dry matter ratio (%) in terms of milking time x lactation period interaction, it was statistically significant (p <0.05). Differences in pH values between flooring types were also found to be statistically significant (p <0.05). In point of behavior, only differences between seasons were statistically significant in terms of lying time, feeding time, standing rumination time and lying rumination times (p <0.05), while differences between seasons were also statistically significant in terms of movement time and water drinking (number) behaviors (p <0.01). With regard to standing time and urination (number) behaviors, flooring types and season interaction were found to be statistically significant at levels of 5% and 1%, respectively. In conclusion, when the features emphasized in the research for the litter systems (Grid, Rubber and Concrete) are evaluated; it is observed that the Rubber litter system is more economical, durable, and preferable compared to other litter systems, provided that the required slope is ensured. In addition, the injury rate in the rubber bedding system is low and it is preferred by goats for resting especially in the summer months.
In this study, the effects of different litter systems (grid, rubber, and concrete) on milk yield, components, somatic cell count, animal behavior, and welfare in Akkeçi goats were investigated. The material of the study consisted of 15 female Akkeçi goats aged 2-4 years. The resting areas of the goats' shelters were divided into three pens and use with grids, rubber on the grids and straw on the concrete floor. Lactation milk yield and duration were calculated using the Trapez II method based on monthly control milkings data. In the course of the lactation period, milk samples were taken during control milkings to investigate fat (%), protein (%), lactose (%), non-fat dry matter (%), electrical conductivity (µS/cm), freezing point (°C), density (kg/m3), pH content and somatic cell count (SCC) in the milk. The analyses of milk components were performed using Milkotester Master Pro and Milk Analyzer. Standard analysis method (microscopic counting) was applied for SCC determination. Additionally, to observe the goat behaviors, one camera was set up in each trial pens and a total of 40 days in which 10 days representing each of the four seasons were recorded. Continuous recordings were made 24 hours a day with cameras placed in the areas where the research was conducted to observe the goat behaviors. Welfare data were collected every 15 days using the protocol put forward by the AWIN project supported by the European Union. Differences between flooring types, milking times, and lactation periods were evaluated using factorial repeated measures analysis technique. To determine if there was a statistical difference between seasons and litter types in terms of behavior, Friedman test was applied in addition to the factorial repeated measures analysis technique. For milk components, except for pH, differences between lactation periods were found to be statistically significant in all features emphasized (p <0.05). In the variance analysis of milk fat (%) and non-fat dry matter ratio (%) in terms of milking time x lactation period interaction, it was statistically significant (p <0.05). Differences in pH values between flooring types were also found to be statistically significant (p <0.05). In point of behavior, only differences between seasons were statistically significant in terms of lying time, feeding time, standing rumination time and lying rumination times (p <0.05), while differences between seasons were also statistically significant in terms of movement time and water drinking (number) behaviors (p <0.01). With regard to standing time and urination (number) behaviors, flooring types and season interaction were found to be statistically significant at levels of 5% and 1%, respectively. In conclusion, when the features emphasized in the research for the litter systems (Grid, Rubber and Concrete) are evaluated; it is observed that the Rubber litter system is more economical, durable, and preferable compared to other litter systems, provided that the required slope is ensured. In addition, the injury rate in the rubber bedding system is low and it is preferred by goats for resting especially in the summer months.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Akkeçi, Davranış, Refah, Süt Bileşenleri, Zemin Tipi, Floor Type, Milk Components, Behavior, Welfare
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Alshawı J. Z. A., (2024). Akkeçilerde Farklı Altlık Sistemlerinin Süt Verimine, Somatik Hücre Sayısına, Hayvan Davranışlarına ve Refahına Etkisi. (Doktora Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
