Hülâgû Han döneminde Anadolu’da görev yapan Moğol komutanları
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Tarih
2018
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Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Merkezi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Moğolların 1251 yılında düzenledikleri büyük kurultayda Batu Han’ın da desteğini alarak Büyük Han seçilen Mengü Han (1251-1259), idareyi ele aldıktan sonra ülkesinde yeni düzenlemeler yapmıştır. Mengü Han; merkezi otoriteyi güçlendirmek ve doğuda da batıda da sınırları genişletebilmek için kardeşlerinden Kubilay’ı Çin’e, Hülâgû’yü Batı’ya İslam Dünyası üzerine göndermiştir. Türkistan ve İran topraklarını geçerek Bağdat önlerine gelen Hülâgû, Abbasi Halifeliğini yıkarak İran, Irak, Azerbaycan ve Suriye topraklarının bir kısmını da içine alan geniş bir coğrafyada İlhanlı devletini kurmuştur. Büyük Han’a bağlı olan İlhanlı Devleti, Mısır dışında kalan tüm İslam toprakları üzerinde hâkimiyetini sağlamıştır. Daha önce Moğol istilasına uğrayan Anadolu da ise Moğol tahakkümü şiddetini arttırmıştır. Hülâgû Han’ın Suriye’de hâkimiyet mücadelesi daha önce istila edilen Anadolu’daki Moğol etkisinin uc bölgelere kadar hissedilmesine sebep olmuştur. Hülâgû Han Anadolu’ya atadığı komutanlar ve vergi memurları ile burada İlhanlı hâkimiyetini tesis etmiştir. Türkiye Selçuklu Devletin’de Moğol tahakkümünün başlamasıyla birlikte, İlhanlılar tarafından Anadolu’ya birçok komutan gönderilmiştir. Komutanlar bulundukları bölgede Moğol karşıtı gruplarla mücadele ederek, İlhanlı hâkimiyetini tesis etmişler, halkı Moğollara itaat etmeye zorlamışlardır. Bu amaçla da Moğol karşıtı birçok kişiyi katledip, şehir ve bölgeleri yağma ve talandan geri kalmamışlardır. Bu çalışmamızda; öncelikle Anadolu’nun istilasında görev alan Moğol komutanları; Çurmagun Noyan, Elçigiday Noyan, Baycu Noyan, Yasavur Noyan, Hoca Noyan, Engürek Noyan gibi önemli Moğol Noyanların faaliyetlerini anlattık. Akabinde ise Hülâgû Han döneminde Anadolu’ya gönderilen veya burada görev yapan Alıncak Noyan, İlkan Noyan, Nabşi Noyan ve Uruktu Noyan hakkında dönemin kaynaklarının sunduğu bilgilerle ayrıntılı zikredilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu komutanların Anadolu’da yapmış olduğu faaliyetlerine, zulümlerine, katliamlarına ve yağmalarını ele aldık. Ayrıca Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti’nin idari, askeri ve ekonomik alandaki yöneticiler ve emîrlerin birlikte yürüttüğü faaliyetler zikredilerek, bu durumun Anadolu Selçuklu devleti ve Müslüman Anadolu halkı üzerindeki etkilerine değinilmiştir.
Möngke Han (1251-1259) who was selected as the leader of Mongols after the death of Chingis through a great kurultay with Batu Khan’s support in 1251 launched new regulations all across the country. He assigned his brothers to different regions in order to expand the territories towards west and strengthen the central authority such as Kublai Khan of China and Hulagu of Near East. Hülâgû, who came to the front of Baghdad by crossing Turkestan and Iranian lands, destroyed the Abbasid Caliphate and established the Ilkhanids in a wide geography including some parts of Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan and Syria. Ilkhanids, which was led by the Great Khan, had dominated all the Islamic lands outside of Egypt. In Anatolia, where Mongol invasions were inflicted, the violence of Mongol domination increased as Hülâgû established the Ilkhanids. The establishment of Ilkhanids and the struggle of Hülâgû khan's dominance in Syria caused the Mongol influence in Anatolia to be felt as far as the frontiers. Hülâgû Han established the control of Ilkhanids with the commanders and tax officers he assigned to Anatolia. After the Mongol rule have inflicted over the Anatolian Seljuks, many Ilkhanid commanders were sent to Anatolia. The commanders were fighting against Mongol groups in the region where they were established, and forced the people to obey the Mongols. To this end, many of the anti- Mongolian people were killed and the cities and regions were looted and plundered. In this study; the Mongol commanders, who were primarily involved in the invasion of Anatolia are investigated regarding the important Mongol Noyans, such as Çurmagun Noyan, Elçigiday Noyan, Baycu Noyan, Yasavur Noyan, Hoca Noyan, Engürek Noyan. Subsequently, we tried to elaborate on the information provided by the sources of the period about Alıncak Noyan, İlkan Noyan, Nabşi Noyan and Uruktu Noyan who were sent to or served in Anatolia during the period of Hülâgû Han. We discussed the activities, persecutions, massacres and plundering of these commanders in Anatolia. In addition, the activities carried out by the administrative, military and economic managers of the Anatolian Seljuk State together with the commanders of the Seljuk State were mentioned and the effects of this situation on the Anatolian Seljuk State and the Muslim Anatolian people were mentioned.
Möngke Han (1251-1259) who was selected as the leader of Mongols after the death of Chingis through a great kurultay with Batu Khan’s support in 1251 launched new regulations all across the country. He assigned his brothers to different regions in order to expand the territories towards west and strengthen the central authority such as Kublai Khan of China and Hulagu of Near East. Hülâgû, who came to the front of Baghdad by crossing Turkestan and Iranian lands, destroyed the Abbasid Caliphate and established the Ilkhanids in a wide geography including some parts of Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan and Syria. Ilkhanids, which was led by the Great Khan, had dominated all the Islamic lands outside of Egypt. In Anatolia, where Mongol invasions were inflicted, the violence of Mongol domination increased as Hülâgû established the Ilkhanids. The establishment of Ilkhanids and the struggle of Hülâgû khan's dominance in Syria caused the Mongol influence in Anatolia to be felt as far as the frontiers. Hülâgû Han established the control of Ilkhanids with the commanders and tax officers he assigned to Anatolia. After the Mongol rule have inflicted over the Anatolian Seljuks, many Ilkhanid commanders were sent to Anatolia. The commanders were fighting against Mongol groups in the region where they were established, and forced the people to obey the Mongols. To this end, many of the anti- Mongolian people were killed and the cities and regions were looted and plundered. In this study; the Mongol commanders, who were primarily involved in the invasion of Anatolia are investigated regarding the important Mongol Noyans, such as Çurmagun Noyan, Elçigiday Noyan, Baycu Noyan, Yasavur Noyan, Hoca Noyan, Engürek Noyan. Subsequently, we tried to elaborate on the information provided by the sources of the period about Alıncak Noyan, İlkan Noyan, Nabşi Noyan and Uruktu Noyan who were sent to or served in Anatolia during the period of Hülâgû Han. We discussed the activities, persecutions, massacres and plundering of these commanders in Anatolia. In addition, the activities carried out by the administrative, military and economic managers of the Anatolian Seljuk State together with the commanders of the Seljuk State were mentioned and the effects of this situation on the Anatolian Seljuk State and the Muslim Anatolian people were mentioned.
Açıklama
Url: http://usad.selcuk.edu.tr/usad/article/view/154
Anahtar Kelimeler
Moğollar, İlhanlılar, Hülâgû Han, Anadolu, Moğol komutanları, Mongols, Ilkhanids, Anatolia, Mongol commanders
Kaynak
Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Akkuş, M., Bağcı, B. (2018). Hülâgû Han döneminde Anadolu’da görev yapan Moğol komutanları. Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi, (9), 150-171.
