'Black Diamond' ve 'Angeleno' Erik Çeşitlerinde Hasat Sonrası Kitosan ve Salisilik Asit Uygulamalarının Muhafaza Süresince Kalite Özelliklerine Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Eriklerde hasattan sonra olgunlaşmanın ilerlemesi ve buna bağlı olarak meydana gelen aşırı
yumuşama raf ömrünü sınırlandıran en önemli faktörlerden birisidir. Kısa raf ömrüne sahip olan
ürünlerde hasat sonrası sertlik kaybı ve patojen kaynaklı bozulmalardaki artış pazarlama sürecinde
ekonomik kayıpların oluşmasına neden olmaktadır. Yaş meyve ve sebzelerin depolanmasında düşük
depolama sıcaklığı kalitenin korunması ve raf ömrünün uzatılmasında en fazla tercih edilen yöntemlerden
birisidir. Ancak eriklerde uzun süreli düşük sıcaklık derecesinde depolama üşüme zararına neden olmakta
bu da tüketicinin satın alma tercihlerini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bahçe ürünlerinin hasat sonrası
kalite özelliklerinin korunarak raf ömrünün uzatılması, fizyolojik ve patolojik kaynaklı bozuklukların
azaltılmasında bazı bitkisel hormonların tek başına veya diğer hasat sonrası teknikler ile birlikte kullanımı
ile ilgili çalışmalar yoğunluk kazanmıştır. Salisilik asit ve türevleri bitkilerden doğal olarak sentezlenen
ve bahçe ürünlerinde hasattan sonra etilen sentezini engelleyerek meyve olgunlaşmasını geciktirmekte
etkili olduğu bilinen bitkisel bir hormondur. Yenilebilir kaplamalar meyvelerde fizyolojik değişimleri
yavaşlatarak hasat sonrası kayıpların azalmasında önemli etkiye sahip olan bir uygulamadır.
Bu çalışmada ‘Angeleno’ ve ‘Black Diamond’ çeşitlerinde kitosan, salisilik asit ve
kitosan+salisilik asit uygulamalarının soğukta muhafaza ve raf ömrü koşullarında meyve kalitesine
etkileri araştırılmıştır. Tüm uygulama yapılan ve yapılmayan meyveler plastik kaplara konularak
modifiye atmosfer poşetlere yerleştirilmiş ve ağızları kapatılmıştır. Daha sonra erikler 1 °C’de %90-95
oransal nemde soğuk hava deposunda muhafaza edilmiştir. ‘Angeleno’ 90 gün, ‘Black Diamond’ ise 120
gün süreyle depolanmıştır. Muhafaza süresince meyveler 30’ar gün arayla depodan çıkartılarak yarısı
hemen kalan yarısı da 20 °C sıcaklıkta 3 gün bekletildikten sonra kalite analizleri (ağırlık kaybı, meyve
kabuk rengi, meyve et rengi, meyve eti sertliği, suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı, titre edilebilir asit
miktarı, görsel kalite, üşüme zararı, elektrolit sızıntı, toplam fenolik madde miktarı, poligalakturonaz
enzim aktivitesi, toplam antioksidan aktivite miktarı ve malondialdehit) yapılmıştır.
Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda kitosan, salisilik asit ve kitosan+salisilik asit
uygulamalarının hem soğukta depolama hem de raf ömrü koşullarında kontrol meyvelerine kıyasla meyve
kalite özelliklerini korumada etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ağırlık kaybının azaltılması, renk, sertlik
ve toplam fenolik madde miktarının, malondialdehit içeriği ve elektrolit sızıntı değerinin korunmasında
kitosan+salisilik asit uygulamasının daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak uygulamaların
meyve kalitesine etkisi kalite özelliklerine göre farklılık gösterirken en etkili uygulama kitosan+salisilik
asit olarak belirlenmiştir.
Excessive softening resulting from the postharvest senescence is one of the prime factors restricting the shelf life of plums. Postharvest softening and pathogen induced disorders in the commodities characterized with short shelf life necessarily loss their market qualities. Low temperature is a key strategy in maintaining the quality and extending the shelf life of fresh fruits and vegetables. However, long storage duration accompanied by low temperature causes chilling damage affecting the consumer preference. The employment of certain plant hormones, alone or in combination with various postharvest technologies have frequently being used recently to maintain the quality of horticultural commodities by delaying the physiological and pathological disorders. Salicylic acid and its derivatives are synthesized from the plants and known with its effect on restricting the postharvest ethylene biosynthesis thereby delaying the fruit ripening. Edible coatings with such substances are the treatments that decrease the postharvest loses by limiting the physiological processes in produces. In this study, the effects of chitosan, salicylic acid and chitosan+salicylic acid treatments on fruit quality in 'Angeleno' and 'Black Diamond' cultivars were investigated under cold storage and shelf life conditions. All treated and untreated fruits were placed in plastic containers and placed in modified atmosphere bags and their mouths were closed. Then, the plums were stored in a cold storage at 1 °C and 90-95% relative humidity. 'Angeleno' is stored for 90 days, and 'Black Diamond' for 120 days. During the storage period, the fruits were taken out of the warehouse at 30-day intervals, half immediately and the remaining half kept at 20 °C for 3 days, then quality analyzes (weight loss, fruit skin color, fruit flesh color, fruit firmness, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, visual quality, chilling injury, electrolyte leakage, total phenolic content, polygalactronase enzyme activity, total antioxidant activity and malondialdehyde) were made. As a result of the evaluations, it was concluded that chitosan, salicylic acid and chitosan+salicylic acid applications were effective in preserving fruit quality characteristics compared to control fruits under both cold storage and shelf life conditions. It was determined that chitosan+salicylic acid application gave better results in reducing weight loss, preserving color, hardness and total phenolic substance content, malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage value. As a result, while the effect of applications on fruit quality differs according to quality characteristics, the most effective application was determined as chitosan + salicylic acid.
Excessive softening resulting from the postharvest senescence is one of the prime factors restricting the shelf life of plums. Postharvest softening and pathogen induced disorders in the commodities characterized with short shelf life necessarily loss their market qualities. Low temperature is a key strategy in maintaining the quality and extending the shelf life of fresh fruits and vegetables. However, long storage duration accompanied by low temperature causes chilling damage affecting the consumer preference. The employment of certain plant hormones, alone or in combination with various postharvest technologies have frequently being used recently to maintain the quality of horticultural commodities by delaying the physiological and pathological disorders. Salicylic acid and its derivatives are synthesized from the plants and known with its effect on restricting the postharvest ethylene biosynthesis thereby delaying the fruit ripening. Edible coatings with such substances are the treatments that decrease the postharvest loses by limiting the physiological processes in produces. In this study, the effects of chitosan, salicylic acid and chitosan+salicylic acid treatments on fruit quality in 'Angeleno' and 'Black Diamond' cultivars were investigated under cold storage and shelf life conditions. All treated and untreated fruits were placed in plastic containers and placed in modified atmosphere bags and their mouths were closed. Then, the plums were stored in a cold storage at 1 °C and 90-95% relative humidity. 'Angeleno' is stored for 90 days, and 'Black Diamond' for 120 days. During the storage period, the fruits were taken out of the warehouse at 30-day intervals, half immediately and the remaining half kept at 20 °C for 3 days, then quality analyzes (weight loss, fruit skin color, fruit flesh color, fruit firmness, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, visual quality, chilling injury, electrolyte leakage, total phenolic content, polygalactronase enzyme activity, total antioxidant activity and malondialdehyde) were made. As a result of the evaluations, it was concluded that chitosan, salicylic acid and chitosan+salicylic acid applications were effective in preserving fruit quality characteristics compared to control fruits under both cold storage and shelf life conditions. It was determined that chitosan+salicylic acid application gave better results in reducing weight loss, preserving color, hardness and total phenolic substance content, malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage value. As a result, while the effect of applications on fruit quality differs according to quality characteristics, the most effective application was determined as chitosan + salicylic acid.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Muhafaza, kalite, erik, salisilik asit, kitosan, üşüme zararı, Storage, quality, plum, salicylic acid, chitosan, chilling injury
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Çavdarcı, M., (2022). 'Black Diamond' ve 'Angeleno' Erik Çeşitlerinde Hasat Sonrası Kitosan ve Salisilik Asit Uygulamalarının Muhafaza Süresince Kalite Özelliklerine Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
