Sigara bırakmanın uyku kalitesi, solunum fonksiyon testi ve vücut kompozisyon analizi üzerine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi
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Tarih
2021
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Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Amaç: Bu çalışmada; Sigara bırakma polikliniğine başvuran bireylerde sigara bırakmanın uyku kalitesi, solunum fonksiyon testi ve vücut kompozisyon analizi üzerine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: 01.11.2019 ile 06.03.2020 tarihleri arasında Selçuk Üniversitesi Aile Hekimliği Sigara Bırakma Polikliniğine başvuran 18-64 yaş arasında 856 birey alındı. Çalışmaya katılan bireylere 67 sorudan oluşan anket yüz-yüze tekniği ile uygulandı. Ankette hastaların sosyodemografik özelliklerine yönelik sorular, nikotin bağımlılık düzeylerini belirlemek için Fagerström Nikotin Bağımlılık Testi (FNBT), depresyon semptomatolojilerini değerlendirmek için Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ), uyku kalitelerini değerlendirmek için Pittsburg Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi (PUKİ) kullanıldı. Çalışmaya katılan her bireyin ekspiryum havasında karbonmonoksit (CO) ölçümü, solunum fonksiyon testi (SFT) ve vücut kompozisyon analizi için antropometrik ölçüm olan BIA ile vücut analiz ölçümü yapıldı. BIA yöntemi ile vücut kitle indeksi (VKI), vücut yağ oranı (PBF), visseral yağlanma alanı (VFA) ve bazal metabolizma hızı (BMH) değerlendirilmiştir. Sigarayı bıraktıktan üç ay sonra kontrol değerlendirmeleri tamamlayan 236 bireye yüz yüze tekniği ile kontrol anketi uygulandı, CO, SFT ve BIA vücut analiz ölçümleri tekrarlandı. Bulgular: Sigarayı bırakan bireylerin %25'i kadın (n=59), %75'i erkek (n=177) ve yaş ortalamaları 37,37 ± 12,12 (min:18, maks:64) idi. Bireylerin sigaraya başlama yaşı ortanca değeri 16 (min:9, maks:42), günlük içilen sigara adeti ortalaması 23 ± 8,8, sigara içme süresi ortanca değeri 19 (min:1, maks:51) yıl idi, tükettikleri sigara miktarı ortanca değeri 23 (min:1, maks:104) paket/yıl idi. Bireylerin %40,3'ünün (n=95) nikotin bağımlılık düzeyleri orta ve altı iken %59,7'si (n=141) yüksek ve üzeri nikotin bağımlısı idi. Sigarayı bırakan bireylerin %41,9'unun (n=99) evinde başka bir sigara içen vardı. Sigarayı bırakan bireylerin sigara içme özellikleri ile tasnif edilmiş FNBT grupları arasında; CO düzeyleri (p=0,034), günlük içtikleri sigara adeti (p<0,001), sigara içme süresi (p=0,026) ve paket/yıl (p<0,01) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde ilişki bulundu. Sigarayı bırakan bireylerde üçüncü aydaki BDÖ ortanca değeri (2; 0-20) başvuru anındaki BDÖ ortanca değerine (11; 0-40) göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde düşüktü (p<0,001). Sigarayı bırakan bireylerde üçüncü aydaki PUKİ ortalaması (2,69 ± 2,225) başvuru anındaki PUKİ ortalamasına (5,45 ± 3,42) göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde düşüktü (p<0,001). Sigarayı bırakan bireylerde SFT analizlerini incelediğimizde; üçüncü aydaki FVC ortalaması (4,07 ± 0,89) başvuru anındakine göre (3,78 ± 0,93) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde arttı (p<0,001). 3. aydaki FEV1 ortalaması (3,74 ± 0,84) başvuru anındakine göre (3,34 ± 0,85) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde arttı (p<0,001). 3. aydaki FEV1/FVC oranı ortanca değeri (92; 65-100) başvuru anındakine göre (89; 49-100) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde arttı (p<0,001). 3. aydaki akciğer yaşı ortalaması (39,31 ± 15,87) başvuru anındakine göre (46,14 ± 19,04) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde küçüldü (p<0,001). Sigarayı bırakan bireylerde vücut kompozisyon analizlerini incelediğimizde; 3. aydaki VKI ortanca değeri (26,8; 17,3-44,1) başvuru anındakine göre (25,8; 16-44,1) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde arttı (p<0,001). üçüncü aydaki PBF ortanca değeri (28,4; 8,6-51,1) başvuru anındakine göre (27,5; 6,8-51,1) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde arttı (p<0,001). 3. aydaki VFA ortanca değeri (95,1; 21,6-272,2) başvuru anındakine göre (89,6; 13,6-277,8) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde arttı (p<0,001). 3. aydaki BMH ortalaması (1576,7 ± 223,5) başvuru anındakine göre (1557,4 ± 224,4) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde arttı (p<0,001). Sonuç: Bu çalışma sigara bırakmanın bireye özgü, uygun davranış ve farmakolojik tedavi ile hekim kontrolünde olduğunda mevcut depresyon semptomlarında ve uyku kalitelerinde anlamlı düzeyde iyileşme olduğunu gösterdi. Ayrıca sigara bırakan bireylerin 3 ay içerisinde solunum fonksiyon testinde anlamlı düzeyde düzelme olduğunu, akciğer kapasitelerinde, FEV1/FVC oranında artış ve akciğer yaş ortalamasının kronolojik yaşına yaklaştığı görüldü. Sigara bırakan bireylerde diyet ve egzersiz önerilerine uymadığında bir miktar kilo artışı olabileceğini ancak bu kilo artışının sigara bırakmanın yararları yanında göz ardı edilebilecek kadar düşük olduğu bulundu.
Aim: In this study; It was aimed to evaluate the effects of smoking cessation on sleep quality, respiratory function test and body composition analysis in individuals who applied to the smoking cessation clinic. Materials and Methods: 856 individuals between the ages of 18-64 who applied to Selcuk University Family Medicine Smoking Cessation Outpatient Clinic between 01.11.2019 and 06.03.2020 were included. A questionnaire consisting of 67 questions was applied to the individuals participating in the study using the face-to-face technique. In the questionnaire, questions about the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) to determine the nicotine addiction levels, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to evaluate the depression symptomatology, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate the sleep quality were used. Each individual participating in the study underwent a carbon monoxide (CO) measurement in the expiratory air, respiratory function test (RFT) and BIA, an anthropometric measurement for body composition analysis. Body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), visceral fat area (VFA) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) were evaluated using the BIA method. A follow-up questionnaire was applied to 236 individuals who completed control evaluations three months after quitting smoking, using the face-to-face technique. BIA body analysis, measurement of CO level and PFT were repeated. Results: The %25 of the individuals who quitted smoking were female (n=59), while 75% were male (n=177), and their mean age was 37.37 ± 12.12 (min:18, max:64). The median age of individuals' starting smoking was 16 (min:9, max:42), the average number of cigarettes smoked per day was 23 ± 8.8, the median value of smoking duration was 19 (min:1, max:51) years, and the median value of amount of cigarettes they consumed was 23 (min:1, max:104) packs / year. While 40.3% of the individuals (n=95) had nicotine addiction levels of medium and below, 59.7% (n=141) were addicted to nicotine in high levels and above. 41.9% of individuals who quitted smoking (n=99) had another smoker in their home. Among the FTND groups classified by the smoking characteristics of individuals who quitted smoking; a statistically significant correlation was found between their CO levels (p=0.034), the number of cigarettes they smoked daily (p<0.001), duration of smoking (p=0.026) and pack / year (p<0.01). In individuals who quitted smoking, the median value of BDI (2; min:0, max:20) at 3-month follow-up was statistically significantly lower than the BDI median value at the time of first admission (11; min:0, max:40) (p<0.001). In individuals who quitted smoking, the average PSQI score at the 3rd month (2.69 ± 2.225) was statistically significantly lower than the average PSQI score at the time of first admission (5.45 ± 3.42) (p<0.001). When we analyzed the PFTs of individuals who quitted smoking; The mean FVC at the 3rd month (4.07 ± 0.89) increased statistically significantly compared to that at initial presentation (3.78 ± 0.93). The mean FEV1 at the 3rd month (3.74 ± 0.84) was statistically significantly higher than that at first admission (3.34 ± 0.85), (p<0.001). The median value of FEV1 / FVC ratio at 3-month follow-up (92; min:65, maks:100) increased statistically significantly (p<0.001) compared to that at first presentation (89; min:49, max:100). The mean lung age at 3-month follow-up (39.31 ± 15.87) was statistically significantly smaller than that at the time of initial presentation (46.14 ± 19.04) (p<0.001). When we examined the body composition analysis of individuals who quitted smoking; The median BMI (26.8; min:17.3, max:44.1) at 3-month follow-up increased statistically significantly (p<0.001) compared to the one at first admission (25.8; min:16, max:44.1). The median BFP (28.4; min:8.6, max:51.1) at 3-month follow-up increased statistically significantly (p<0.001) compared to that at the time of initial admission (27.5; min:6.8, max:51.1). The median VFA at the 3rd month (95.1; min:21.6, max:272.2) increased statistically significantly (p<0.001) compared to the one at first presentation (89.6; min:13.6, max:277.8). The mean BMR at 3-month follow-up (1576.7 ± 223.5) increased statistically significantly (p<0.001) compared to the one at the time of first admission (1557.4 ± 224.4). Conclusion: This study showed that when smoking cessation was under physician control with individualized, appropriate behavior and pharmacological treatment, there was a significant improvement in existing depression symptoms and sleep quality. In addition, it was observed that individuals who quitted smoking significantly improved in their respiratory function test within 3 months, increased lung capacity, FEV1 / FVC ratio, and mean lung age approached their chronological age. It was found that individuals who quitted smoking might experience some weight gain if they did not comply with the diet and exercise recommendations, but this weight gain is negligible beside the benefits of smoking cessation.
Aim: In this study; It was aimed to evaluate the effects of smoking cessation on sleep quality, respiratory function test and body composition analysis in individuals who applied to the smoking cessation clinic. Materials and Methods: 856 individuals between the ages of 18-64 who applied to Selcuk University Family Medicine Smoking Cessation Outpatient Clinic between 01.11.2019 and 06.03.2020 were included. A questionnaire consisting of 67 questions was applied to the individuals participating in the study using the face-to-face technique. In the questionnaire, questions about the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) to determine the nicotine addiction levels, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to evaluate the depression symptomatology, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate the sleep quality were used. Each individual participating in the study underwent a carbon monoxide (CO) measurement in the expiratory air, respiratory function test (RFT) and BIA, an anthropometric measurement for body composition analysis. Body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), visceral fat area (VFA) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) were evaluated using the BIA method. A follow-up questionnaire was applied to 236 individuals who completed control evaluations three months after quitting smoking, using the face-to-face technique. BIA body analysis, measurement of CO level and PFT were repeated. Results: The %25 of the individuals who quitted smoking were female (n=59), while 75% were male (n=177), and their mean age was 37.37 ± 12.12 (min:18, max:64). The median age of individuals' starting smoking was 16 (min:9, max:42), the average number of cigarettes smoked per day was 23 ± 8.8, the median value of smoking duration was 19 (min:1, max:51) years, and the median value of amount of cigarettes they consumed was 23 (min:1, max:104) packs / year. While 40.3% of the individuals (n=95) had nicotine addiction levels of medium and below, 59.7% (n=141) were addicted to nicotine in high levels and above. 41.9% of individuals who quitted smoking (n=99) had another smoker in their home. Among the FTND groups classified by the smoking characteristics of individuals who quitted smoking; a statistically significant correlation was found between their CO levels (p=0.034), the number of cigarettes they smoked daily (p<0.001), duration of smoking (p=0.026) and pack / year (p<0.01). In individuals who quitted smoking, the median value of BDI (2; min:0, max:20) at 3-month follow-up was statistically significantly lower than the BDI median value at the time of first admission (11; min:0, max:40) (p<0.001). In individuals who quitted smoking, the average PSQI score at the 3rd month (2.69 ± 2.225) was statistically significantly lower than the average PSQI score at the time of first admission (5.45 ± 3.42) (p<0.001). When we analyzed the PFTs of individuals who quitted smoking; The mean FVC at the 3rd month (4.07 ± 0.89) increased statistically significantly compared to that at initial presentation (3.78 ± 0.93). The mean FEV1 at the 3rd month (3.74 ± 0.84) was statistically significantly higher than that at first admission (3.34 ± 0.85), (p<0.001). The median value of FEV1 / FVC ratio at 3-month follow-up (92; min:65, maks:100) increased statistically significantly (p<0.001) compared to that at first presentation (89; min:49, max:100). The mean lung age at 3-month follow-up (39.31 ± 15.87) was statistically significantly smaller than that at the time of initial presentation (46.14 ± 19.04) (p<0.001). When we examined the body composition analysis of individuals who quitted smoking; The median BMI (26.8; min:17.3, max:44.1) at 3-month follow-up increased statistically significantly (p<0.001) compared to the one at first admission (25.8; min:16, max:44.1). The median BFP (28.4; min:8.6, max:51.1) at 3-month follow-up increased statistically significantly (p<0.001) compared to that at the time of initial admission (27.5; min:6.8, max:51.1). The median VFA at the 3rd month (95.1; min:21.6, max:272.2) increased statistically significantly (p<0.001) compared to the one at first presentation (89.6; min:13.6, max:277.8). The mean BMR at 3-month follow-up (1576.7 ± 223.5) increased statistically significantly (p<0.001) compared to the one at the time of first admission (1557.4 ± 224.4). Conclusion: This study showed that when smoking cessation was under physician control with individualized, appropriate behavior and pharmacological treatment, there was a significant improvement in existing depression symptoms and sleep quality. In addition, it was observed that individuals who quitted smoking significantly improved in their respiratory function test within 3 months, increased lung capacity, FEV1 / FVC ratio, and mean lung age approached their chronological age. It was found that individuals who quitted smoking might experience some weight gain if they did not comply with the diet and exercise recommendations, but this weight gain is negligible beside the benefits of smoking cessation.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sigara, Depresyon, Akciğer Yaşı, Uyku, Vücut Kompozisyon Analizi, Smoking, Depression, Lung Age, Sleep, Body Composition Analysis
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Titrek, A. (2021). Sigara bırakmanın uyku kalitesi, solunum fonksiyon testi ve vücut kompozisyon analizi üzerine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. (Uzmanlık Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Konya.
