Ankara Roma Hamamı ve hamamda ele geçen sütun başlıkları
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2009
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Hamamlar büyük şehirler için önemli yapılardır antik devirde. Çünkü bu şehirlerde oturan ve konuk olan insanlar bu hamamlardan faydalanmaktaydı. Bu binalar eğlenme, temizlenme ve tedavi amaçlı kullanılıyordu. Özellikle Roma dönemi şehirlerinin önemli yapıları arasına girmiştir. Roma'nın Galatia eyaletine merkezlik yapan Ankara da anıtsal boyutta bir hamama sahipti. Ankara Roma Hamamı döneminin ünlü yapıları arasında olup, ihtişamlı mimarisiyle dikkat çekmektedir. Büyük mimari bir kompleks olarak tasarlanan hamam yapısı, İS. 3. yy'da Roma İmparatoru Caracalla döneminde (İS. 212-217), tanrı Asklepion adına yaptırılmıştır. Günümüzde Ulus meydanından kuzeye çıkan Çankırı caddesi üzerindedir. Araştırmada, hamam bahçesinde sergilenen 64 adet sütun başlığı incelenmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler ve karşılaştırmalar sonucunda başlıklara tarihlendirme yapılmıştır. Sadece 1 adet İon Başlığı vardır, geriye kalan eserler Korinth Başlığı'dır. Sadece 1 adet İon Başlığı vardır, geriye kalan eserler Korinth Başlığı'dır. Buna göre, Geç Hadrian döneminden (İS.140) başlamak üzere, İS. 230 yılına kadar tarihlenen eserler mevcuttur. Ayrıca, tahribattan dolayı 7 adet esere tarihlendirme yapılamamıştır. Belirlenen ters çan biçimli yalın kalathos formu, bazı değişiklikle her evrede kullanılmıştır. Başta birbirlerine belli bir aralıkla işlenen ilk sıra akanthus yaprakları, İS.150'lerde birbirlerine yaklaşmaya başlamış ve 2. yy'ın sonlarından itibaren bitişik işlenmiştir. Buna bağlı olarak, ilk başlarda yaprak uçlarında yüzük formu görülürken, yapraklar birleştikten sonra bu form üçgen bir hal almıştır. Bunun içindir ki, başlık, doğallıktan uzaklaşıp, basma kalıp bir düzene oturtulmuştur. Matkabın yoğun kullanımıyla, başlıklarda sert bir görünüm olmuştur. Metalliğe doğru uzanan bu görünüm, Caracalla döneminin sert ve tutucu yönünü vurgular gibidir.
As natives and quests in capitals used baths, in ancient times baths are important structures in these capitals. These structures were being used for entertainment, purity, treatment. Especially, it is included in the important structures of the cities in Rome Period. Ankara which was the centre of the Galatia, had a monumental bath. Ankara is included in the important structures of Roman Bath Period, and also draws attention with its magnificence architecture. Its bath structure, which was planned as a big arhitecture complex, were made for the honour of the God Asklepion, during AD 3rd century , in the period of the Rome Emperor Caracalla. Nowadays it is on the street of Çankırı which is in the North of the Ulus Square. In research 64 column capitals were examined, which were on display in bath Garden. As a result of examination and comparasion capitals were put a date on. There is only one Ion Capital, others are Korinth Capital. According to this these are historical buildings which were put a date on from the Late Hadrion Period to the AD 230. Because of the destructions seven historical building could not put a date on. The bare Kalathos form, which was determined as a reciprocal bell, was used in every stage with come changes . Firstly Akanthus leaves were processed as discontinuously, during 150 AD. They started to approach each other and after 2th century. They were processed spaceless. Be subject to this, ring form was seen in leaf point, after processing spaceless this form was transformed into triangle. Because of this, capital lost its naturality, and turned into cliche. As drill was used frequently, capitals have started to be seen hard. This hard appearance, which is like metal, is something emphasizing the hard and fundamentalist side of the Caracalla Period.
As natives and quests in capitals used baths, in ancient times baths are important structures in these capitals. These structures were being used for entertainment, purity, treatment. Especially, it is included in the important structures of the cities in Rome Period. Ankara which was the centre of the Galatia, had a monumental bath. Ankara is included in the important structures of Roman Bath Period, and also draws attention with its magnificence architecture. Its bath structure, which was planned as a big arhitecture complex, were made for the honour of the God Asklepion, during AD 3rd century , in the period of the Rome Emperor Caracalla. Nowadays it is on the street of Çankırı which is in the North of the Ulus Square. In research 64 column capitals were examined, which were on display in bath Garden. As a result of examination and comparasion capitals were put a date on. There is only one Ion Capital, others are Korinth Capital. According to this these are historical buildings which were put a date on from the Late Hadrion Period to the AD 230. Because of the destructions seven historical building could not put a date on. The bare Kalathos form, which was determined as a reciprocal bell, was used in every stage with come changes . Firstly Akanthus leaves were processed as discontinuously, during 150 AD. They started to approach each other and after 2th century. They were processed spaceless. Be subject to this, ring form was seen in leaf point, after processing spaceless this form was transformed into triangle. Because of this, capital lost its naturality, and turned into cliche. As drill was used frequently, capitals have started to be seen hard. This hard appearance, which is like metal, is something emphasizing the hard and fundamentalist side of the Caracalla Period.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ankara, Hamamlar, Baths, Roma Hamamı, Roman Bath, Sütunlar, Columns
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Bakar, N. (2009). Ankara Roma Hamamı ve hamamda ele geçen sütun başlıkları. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yayımlanmış yüksek lisans tezi, Konya.
