Farklı azotlu gübre dozlarında yetiştirilen Ekinezya türlerinde (Echinacea pallida(Nutt) Nutt, Echinacea purpurea (l.) Moench) uygulanan farklı kurutma yöntemlerinin ekstrakt kalitesi üzerine etkileri
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Tarih
2012-01-23
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Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada farklı azotlu gübre dozlarında (N0: 0 kg/da, N1: 15 kg/da, N2: 30 kg/da, N3: 45kg/da) yetiştirilen ekinezya türlerinde (Echinacea pallida (Nutt) Nutt, Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) uygulanan farklı kurutma yöntemlerinin (Güneş: 48 sa 28 °C; Gölge: 96 sa 26 °C; Fırın: 72 sa 40 °C) ekstrakt kalitesi üzerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla E. purpurea toprak üstü kısım ve köklerinin, E. pallida köklerinin, su miktarı, renk analizi, yaş herba verimi, mineral madde tayini, fenolik asit miktar tayini (kaftarik, kikorik asit ve ekinakozit), püskürtmeli kurutma verim tayini, partikül büyüklüğü tayini, antioksidan kapasitesi DPPH serbet radikal süpürücü aktivite tayini ve demir iyonu-şelasyon etki tayini ile, toplam fenol ve flavonoit miktar tayini yapılmıştır. E. purpurea herba ve köklerinin en yüksek su içeriğine N0 (0 kg/da) gübre dozu uygulamasıyla, E. pallida köklerinin ise N2 (30 kg/da) gübre dozu uygulamasıyla sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. E. purpurea taze yapraklarının en yüksek L* (parlaklık), a*(kırmızılık), b*(sarılık) değerleri N0 (0 kg/da) gübre dozu ile elde edilirken, kurutma açısından incelendiğinde, en yüksek L* değerine güneşte kurutulan örneklerin, en yüksek a* ve b* değerine ise gölge ve fırında kurutulan örneklerin sahip olduğu görülmüştür. E. purpurea herbalarının, E. pallida herba ve köklerinin yaş verimi en yüksek N2 (30 kg/da) gübre dozu uygulamasıyla elde edilirken, E. purpurea köklerinin yaş verimi N1 (15 kg/da) gübre dozu uygulamasıyla elde edilmiştir. Kurutma yöntemleri açısından incelendiğinde E. purpurea herbasının fırında kurutulduğunda mineral madde içeriklerinin daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca N3 (45 kg/da) gübre dozu uygulanan ve fırında kurutulan E. purpurea herbalarının en yüksek kaftarik asit miktarına sahip olduğu tespit edilmiş (% 0.6073), N2 gübre dozu uygulanan köklerin ise en yüksek kikorik asit içeriğine sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir (% 2.2398). E. pallida köklerinin gölgede kurutulduğunda en yüksek kaftarik ve kikorik asit miktarına sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. E. pallida köklerinde en yüksek kaftarik asit miktarı N1 (15 kg/da) gübre dozu, en yüksek kikorik asit miktarı N0 (0 kg/da) gübre dozu, en yüksek ekinakozit miktarı ise N3 (45 kg/da) gübre dozu uygulamasıyla elde edilmiştir. Püskürtmeli kurutucuda farklı sıcaklık (80, 85, 90°C) ve akış hızlarında (192, 246, 301 lt/sa) kurutulan E. purpurea ekstrelerinin en yüksek verim miktarı ?90°C x 192 lt/sa? uygulamasıyla elde edilirken, en yüksek partikül çapı (7.55 µm) ?80°C x 301 lt/sa? uygulamasıyla, en yüksek kaftarik asit miktarı ise ?80°C x 192 lt/sa? uygulamasıyla elde edilmi ştir. Püskürtmeli kurutucudan (PK) elde edilen E. purpurea ekstrelerinin % DPPH radikal süpürücü etkisi dondurarak kurutucudan (DK) elde edilen ekstrelerden yüksek bulunurken, dondurarak kurutma yöntemiyle elde edilen ekstrelerin % Demir iyonu-şelasyon etkisi, total fenol ve flavonoit miktarının daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
In this research, the effects of diffrerent drying methods (sun: 48 h 28 ° C; Shade: 96 h at 26 ° C, Oven: 72 h at 40°C) applied in Echinacea species which are cultivated(Echinacea pallida (Nutt) Nutt, Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) in various doses of nitrogen fertilizer (N0: 0 kg/da, N1: 15 kg/da, N2: 30 kg/da, N3: 45kg/da) on the extract quality is determined. For this purpose, the water content, the colour analysis, the yield of the fresh aerial parts, the determination of mineral matter, the estimation of the quantity of phenolic acid (caftaric, cichoric acid and echinacoside),the estimation of the efficiency of spray drying, particle size analysis, the estimation of the DPPH free radical scavenger activity, the estimation of the effect of ferric ion chelation, and the estimation of the total amount of phenol and flavanoid, of the aerial parts and roots of E. purpurea and the roots of E. pallida are fulfilled. It is determined that while the maximum water content of E. purpurea and its roots is seen with the N0 (0 kg/da) fertilizer doze application, E. pallida roots reach the maximum water content with the N2 (30kg/da) fertilizer doze application. The maximum L*, a*, b* values of E. purpurea fresh leaves are acquired with the N0 (0 kg/da) fertilizer doze but when it is analyzed in terms of drying, it is observed that the patterns which are sundried have the maximum value of L* while the patterns which are dried in the shade and oven drying have the maximum value of a* and b*. While the highest yield of fresh E. purpurea aerial parts and E. pallida aerial parts and radix were obtained with N2 (30 kg/da) fertilizer dozes, the highest yield of fresh E. purpurea radix was obtained with application of N1 (15 kg/da) fertilizer dozes In terms of drying methods, it is found out that the mineral matter content of the aerial parts of E. purpurea increases when it is dried in the drying-oven. Also it is determined that dried in the oven drying, the aerial parts of E. purpurea to which N3 (45kg/da) fertilizer doze is applied have the maximum amount of caftaric acid(% 0.6073) and the roots to which N2 fertilizer doze is applied have the maximum content of cichoric acid (% 2.2398). It is observed that the roots of E. pallida have the maximum content of caftaric and cichoric acid when they are dried in the shade. The maximum amount of caftaric acid in the roots of E. pallida is obtained with the N1 (15kg/da) fertilizer doze application while the maximum amount of cichoric acid is obtained with the N0 (0 kg/da) fertilizer doze application. Moreover, the maximum amount of echinacoside is obtained with the N3 (45kg/da) fertilizer doze application. While the maximum efficiency amount of E. purpurea extracts which are dried in the spray drier in the different temperature (80, 85, 90°C) and flow rate (192, 246, 301 lt/h) is obtained with the application of ?90°C x 192 lt/h?, maximum particle diameter (7.55 µm) is obtained with the application of ?80°C x 301 lt/h? and maximum amount of caftaric acid is obtained with the application of ?80°C x 192 lt/h?. While % DPPH radical scavenger effect of E. purpurea extracts acquired from spray drier (SD) is calculated as higher than the extracts that are freeze-dried (FD), the amount of total phenol and flavonoid, and % ferric ion chelation effect of the extracts which are obtained by the method of freze-dry are seemed to be higher.
In this research, the effects of diffrerent drying methods (sun: 48 h 28 ° C; Shade: 96 h at 26 ° C, Oven: 72 h at 40°C) applied in Echinacea species which are cultivated(Echinacea pallida (Nutt) Nutt, Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) in various doses of nitrogen fertilizer (N0: 0 kg/da, N1: 15 kg/da, N2: 30 kg/da, N3: 45kg/da) on the extract quality is determined. For this purpose, the water content, the colour analysis, the yield of the fresh aerial parts, the determination of mineral matter, the estimation of the quantity of phenolic acid (caftaric, cichoric acid and echinacoside),the estimation of the efficiency of spray drying, particle size analysis, the estimation of the DPPH free radical scavenger activity, the estimation of the effect of ferric ion chelation, and the estimation of the total amount of phenol and flavanoid, of the aerial parts and roots of E. purpurea and the roots of E. pallida are fulfilled. It is determined that while the maximum water content of E. purpurea and its roots is seen with the N0 (0 kg/da) fertilizer doze application, E. pallida roots reach the maximum water content with the N2 (30kg/da) fertilizer doze application. The maximum L*, a*, b* values of E. purpurea fresh leaves are acquired with the N0 (0 kg/da) fertilizer doze but when it is analyzed in terms of drying, it is observed that the patterns which are sundried have the maximum value of L* while the patterns which are dried in the shade and oven drying have the maximum value of a* and b*. While the highest yield of fresh E. purpurea aerial parts and E. pallida aerial parts and radix were obtained with N2 (30 kg/da) fertilizer dozes, the highest yield of fresh E. purpurea radix was obtained with application of N1 (15 kg/da) fertilizer dozes In terms of drying methods, it is found out that the mineral matter content of the aerial parts of E. purpurea increases when it is dried in the drying-oven. Also it is determined that dried in the oven drying, the aerial parts of E. purpurea to which N3 (45kg/da) fertilizer doze is applied have the maximum amount of caftaric acid(% 0.6073) and the roots to which N2 fertilizer doze is applied have the maximum content of cichoric acid (% 2.2398). It is observed that the roots of E. pallida have the maximum content of caftaric and cichoric acid when they are dried in the shade. The maximum amount of caftaric acid in the roots of E. pallida is obtained with the N1 (15kg/da) fertilizer doze application while the maximum amount of cichoric acid is obtained with the N0 (0 kg/da) fertilizer doze application. Moreover, the maximum amount of echinacoside is obtained with the N3 (45kg/da) fertilizer doze application. While the maximum efficiency amount of E. purpurea extracts which are dried in the spray drier in the different temperature (80, 85, 90°C) and flow rate (192, 246, 301 lt/h) is obtained with the application of ?90°C x 192 lt/h?, maximum particle diameter (7.55 µm) is obtained with the application of ?80°C x 301 lt/h? and maximum amount of caftaric acid is obtained with the application of ?80°C x 192 lt/h?. While % DPPH radical scavenger effect of E. purpurea extracts acquired from spray drier (SD) is calculated as higher than the extracts that are freeze-dried (FD), the amount of total phenol and flavonoid, and % ferric ion chelation effect of the extracts which are obtained by the method of freze-dry are seemed to be higher.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Echinacea pallida, Echinacea purpurea, Kurutma, Gübre dozu, Drying, Nitrogen fertilizer, Fertilizer grade
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Çoksarı, G. (2012). Farklı azotlu gübre dozlarında yetiştirilen Ekinezya türlerinde (Echinacea pallida(Nutt) Nutt, Echinacea purpurea (l.) Moench) uygulanan farklı kurutma yöntemlerinin ekstrakt kalitesi üzerine etkileri.Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yayımlanmış yüksek lisans tezi, Konya.
