Arsenik ve kadmiyum stresine maruz kalan buğday köklerinde fosfit uygulamasının ozmotik düzenleme ve antioksidan kapasite üzerine etkileri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Doku ve organlarda fazla biriken ağır metaller bitkilerdeki vejetatif ve generatif organların gelişimini olumsuz olarak etkilemektedir. Gündeme, çevre kirliliğinde önemli rolleri ve farklı kullanım alanlarıyla gelen arsenik (As) ve kadmiyum (Cd) toksik ağır metallerdendir. As ve Cd'nin toprak ve su kaynaklarındaki kontaminasyonu, dokulara alınımıyla bitkinin metabolizmasını etkileyerek çeşitli fizyolojik ve yapısal bozukluklara neden olması, dünya genelinde önemli bir sorundur. Bir biyostimülan olan fosfitin (Phi), diğer biyostimülanlar gibi bitki gelişimi ve verimine olumlu etkisi ve bitki stres toleransını arttırıcı özelliğinden dolayı bitkiye topraktan, yapraktan, tohumdan uygulanabilmekte ve ayrıyeten toprak yapısını da düzenleyici rolleri bulunmaktadır. Bu sebeple, bu çalışmada arsenik (As, 100 μM) ve/veya kadmiyum (Cd, 100 μM) stresine maruz bırakılan buğday bitkisi köklerinde, dışarıdan farklı dozlarda fosfit (Phi1, 1 g L-1; Phi2, 3 g L-1) uygulanarak, fizyolojik ve morfolojik farklılıklar gözlenmiş, ozmotik düzenleme ve antioksidan kapasite üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. As ve Cd stresine maruz kalan buğday köklerinde sırasıyla %26 ve %34 azalmış ozmotik potansiyel saptanmıştır. Stresle birlikte tüm fosfit uygulamaları negatif yöndeki ozmotik potansiyel artışını kontrol seviyelerine yaklaştırmıştır. As ve/veya Cd stresi altındaki buğday köklerinin H2O2 içeriklerinde ciddi artışlar belirlenmiştir. Stresle birlikte uygulanan hem düşük hem de yüksek konsantrasyondaki fosfit H2O2 içeriğini önemli oranda düşürmüştür. Aynı şekilde, ağır metal stresi ile birlikte uygulanmış fosfit dozlarında strese kıyasla lipid peroksidasyon seviyesinde önemli düşüşler meydana gelmiştir. As ve/veya Cd'a maruz kalan buğday köklerine Phi1 ve Phi2 uygulamaları sonucu genel olarak SOD, CAT, POX, APX ve GR antioksidan enzim aktivitelerinde artış gözlenmiştir. Yalnızca Cd grubu bitkilerde Phi1 uygulama dozu SOD ve CAT enzim aktivitelerini indüklemede daha başarılı olmuştur. Phi uygulamaları buğday köklerinde AsA-GSH döngüsünü tetikleyerek ağır metal stresine karşı hücresel redoks dengesinin korunmasına katkı sağlamıştır. Çalışma sonunda elde edilen veriler fosfit uygulamalarının ağır metal stresine karşı toleransta, ozmotik dengeyi koruyarak, oksidatif stres hasarını hafifleterek ve antioksidan savunma sistemini tetikleyerek etkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Heavy metals that accumulate excessively in tissues and organs negatively affect the development of vegetative and generative organs in plants. Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd), which come to the fore with their important roles in environmental pollution and different areas of use, are toxic heavy metals. Contamination of As and Cd in soil and water resources, causing various physiological and structural disorders by affecting the metabolism of plants through their uptake into tissues, is an important problem worldwide. Phosphite (Phi), which is a biostimulant, can be applied to the plant from soil, leaves and seeds due to its positive effect on plant development, nutrition, product quality and yield, and its ability to increase plant stress tolerance, like other biostimulants, and it also has a regulating role in soil structure. For this reason, in this study, wheat plant roots exposed to arsenic (As, 100 μM) and/or cadmium (Cd, 100 μM) stress were excreted at different doses of phosphite (Phi1, 1 g L-1; Phi2, 3 g L-1). Physiological and morphological differences were observed, and its effects on osmotic regulation and antioxidant capacity were examined. A 26% and 34% decreased osmotic potential was detected in wheat roots exposed to As and Cd stress, respectively. With stress, all phosphite applications brought the negative osmotic potential increase closer to control levels. Significant increases were determined in the H2O2 contents of wheat roots under As and/or Cd stress. Both low and high concentrations of phosphite applied with stress significantly reduced the H2O2 content. Likewise, significant decreases in lipid peroxidation levels occurred in phosphite doses applied together with heavy metal stress compared to stress. As a result of Phi1 and Phi2 treatments to wheat roots exposed to As and/or Cd, an increase in SOD, CAT, POX, APX and GR antioxidant enzyme activities was generally observed. Only in Cd group plants, Phi1 application dose was more successful in inducing SOD and CAT enzyme activities. Phi treatments contributed to the preservation of cellular redox balance against heavy metal stress by triggering the AsA-GSH cycle in wheat roots. The data obtained at the end of the study reveal that phosphite applications are effective in tolerance to heavy metal stress by maintaining osmotic balance, alleviating oxidative stress damage and triggering the antioxidant defense system.
Heavy metals that accumulate excessively in tissues and organs negatively affect the development of vegetative and generative organs in plants. Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd), which come to the fore with their important roles in environmental pollution and different areas of use, are toxic heavy metals. Contamination of As and Cd in soil and water resources, causing various physiological and structural disorders by affecting the metabolism of plants through their uptake into tissues, is an important problem worldwide. Phosphite (Phi), which is a biostimulant, can be applied to the plant from soil, leaves and seeds due to its positive effect on plant development, nutrition, product quality and yield, and its ability to increase plant stress tolerance, like other biostimulants, and it also has a regulating role in soil structure. For this reason, in this study, wheat plant roots exposed to arsenic (As, 100 μM) and/or cadmium (Cd, 100 μM) stress were excreted at different doses of phosphite (Phi1, 1 g L-1; Phi2, 3 g L-1). Physiological and morphological differences were observed, and its effects on osmotic regulation and antioxidant capacity were examined. A 26% and 34% decreased osmotic potential was detected in wheat roots exposed to As and Cd stress, respectively. With stress, all phosphite applications brought the negative osmotic potential increase closer to control levels. Significant increases were determined in the H2O2 contents of wheat roots under As and/or Cd stress. Both low and high concentrations of phosphite applied with stress significantly reduced the H2O2 content. Likewise, significant decreases in lipid peroxidation levels occurred in phosphite doses applied together with heavy metal stress compared to stress. As a result of Phi1 and Phi2 treatments to wheat roots exposed to As and/or Cd, an increase in SOD, CAT, POX, APX and GR antioxidant enzyme activities was generally observed. Only in Cd group plants, Phi1 application dose was more successful in inducing SOD and CAT enzyme activities. Phi treatments contributed to the preservation of cellular redox balance against heavy metal stress by triggering the AsA-GSH cycle in wheat roots. The data obtained at the end of the study reveal that phosphite applications are effective in tolerance to heavy metal stress by maintaining osmotic balance, alleviating oxidative stress damage and triggering the antioxidant defense system.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Antioksidan, Arsenik, Fosfit, Kadmiyum, ROS, Antioxidant, Arsenic, Cadmium, Phosphite
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Çenebaşı B., (2024). Arsenik ve Kadmiyum Stresine Maruz Kalan Buğday Köklerinde Fosfit Uygulamasının Ozmotik Düzenleme ve Antioksidan Kapasite Üzerine Etkileri. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
