Cumhuriyet’e Giden Yol: Saltanatın Kaldırılması Sürecinde Yaşanan Siyasal Sistem Tartışmaları
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023 Ekim
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Mudanya Mütarekesi gereğince Yunanistan’ın boşaltacağı Trakya’yı Türkiye
Büyük Millet Meclisi Hükümeti adına teslim almakla görevlendirilen Refet Paşa,
19 Ekim 1922’de İstanbul’a geldi. Yaklaşık dört yıldır fiili işgal altında bulunan
İstanbul ahalisi, Refet Paşa’yı büyük bir sevinç ve coşku ile karşıladı. Refet Paşa,
kendisini karşılayan Padişah ve hükümetin temsilcilerine, TBMM Hükümeti’nin
İstanbul’da bir padişah ve hükümet tanımadığını açıkladı. Yaptığı konuşmalarda,
verdiği röportajlarda Anadolu’da kurulan Yeni Türk devletinin yönetim biçimine
yönelik önemli açıklamalar yaptı. Bu açıklamalarda Anadolu’da kurulan sistemi
saltanat-ı milliye olarak tanımlıyordu ve kurulan sistemin kuvvetler birliğine
dayalı meclis hükümeti sistemi olduğunu cumhuriyet veya meşrutiyet gibi
sistemlere benzemediğini, Anadolu’nun kendi ihtiyaçlarından doğduğunu
savunuyordu. Refet Paşa’nın bu konuşmalarına karşı İstanbul Baro Başkanı Lütfi
Fikri Bey bir risale yazarak onun görüşlerini eleştirdi. Lütfi Fikri’ye göre
Türkiye’ye en uygun sistem meşrutiyet sistemiydi. Lütfi Fikri Bey’in risalesinin
yayımlanmasından sonra Türkiye’deki rejimin ne olacağına dair tartışmalar hız
kazandı. Bu arada 1 Kasım 1922’de TBMM kararıyla saltanat ve hilafet
birbirinden ayrıldı ve saltanat kaldırıldı. Saltanatın kaldırılmasından sonra
Anadolu’da uygulanan meclis hükümeti sistemi ile alakalı tartışmalar devam etti.
Bu bağlamda Lütfi Fikri Bey’in risalesine karşı çeşitli risaleler yayımlandı. Aynı
zamanda konu dönemin basınına da yansıdı. Tartışmalar genellikle meşrutiyet,
cumhuriyet, kuvvetler ayrılığı, kuvvetler birliği, hâkimiyet-i milliye, meclis
hükümeti sistemi konuları üzerinden yürütüldü.
According to the Armistice of Mudanya, Refet Pasha, who was assigned to take over Thrace which Greece was going to evacuate on behalf of the Government of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, arrived in Istanbul on October 19, 1922. The people of Istanbul, who have been under the actual occupation for about four years, welcomed Refet Pasha with great joy and enthusiasm. Refet Pasha announced to the Sultan and the representatives of the government, who greeted him, that the Government of the Grand National Assembly did not recognize a sultan and a government in Istanbul. In his speeches and interviews, he made important statements about the management style of the New Turkish state established in Anatolia. In these statements, he defined the system established in Anatolia as the sultanate-ı milliye (national reign) and argued that the established system was a parliamentary government system based on the union of forces, not similar to systems such as a republic or a constitutional monarchy, and that it was born out of Anatolia's own needs. Against these speeches of Refet Pasha, Lütfi Fikri Bey, who was the President of the Istanbul Bar Association, wrote a pamphlet and criticized his views. According to Lütfi Fikri, the most suitable system for Turkey was the constitutional system. After the publication of Lütfi Fikri Bey's pamphlet, discussions on what the regime in Turkey would be gained momentum. Meanwhile, on November 1, 1922, the sultanate and the caliphate were separated from each other by the decision of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the sultanate was abolished. After the abolition of the Sultanate, the discussions about the parliamentary government system implemented in Anatolia continued. In this context, various pamphlets were published against Lütfi Fikri Bey's pamphlet. At the same time, the issue was reflected in the press of the period. Discussions were generally carried out on the topics of constitutionalism, republic, separation of powers, unity of powers, national sovereignty, parliamentary government system.
According to the Armistice of Mudanya, Refet Pasha, who was assigned to take over Thrace which Greece was going to evacuate on behalf of the Government of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, arrived in Istanbul on October 19, 1922. The people of Istanbul, who have been under the actual occupation for about four years, welcomed Refet Pasha with great joy and enthusiasm. Refet Pasha announced to the Sultan and the representatives of the government, who greeted him, that the Government of the Grand National Assembly did not recognize a sultan and a government in Istanbul. In his speeches and interviews, he made important statements about the management style of the New Turkish state established in Anatolia. In these statements, he defined the system established in Anatolia as the sultanate-ı milliye (national reign) and argued that the established system was a parliamentary government system based on the union of forces, not similar to systems such as a republic or a constitutional monarchy, and that it was born out of Anatolia's own needs. Against these speeches of Refet Pasha, Lütfi Fikri Bey, who was the President of the Istanbul Bar Association, wrote a pamphlet and criticized his views. According to Lütfi Fikri, the most suitable system for Turkey was the constitutional system. After the publication of Lütfi Fikri Bey's pamphlet, discussions on what the regime in Turkey would be gained momentum. Meanwhile, on November 1, 1922, the sultanate and the caliphate were separated from each other by the decision of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the sultanate was abolished. After the abolition of the Sultanate, the discussions about the parliamentary government system implemented in Anatolia continued. In this context, various pamphlets were published against Lütfi Fikri Bey's pamphlet. At the same time, the issue was reflected in the press of the period. Discussions were generally carried out on the topics of constitutionalism, republic, separation of powers, unity of powers, national sovereignty, parliamentary government system.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Saltanat-ı milliye, kuvvetler birliği/ayrılığı, cumhuriyet, meşrutiyet, meclis hükümeti, National Sultanate, union/separation of powers, republic, constitutionalism, parliamentary government
Kaynak
Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
59
Künye
Özkan, A., (2023). Cumhuriyet’e Giden Yol: Saltanatın Kaldırılması Sürecinde Yaşanan Siyasal Sistem Tartışmaları. Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (59), 109-137.
DOI: 10.21563/sutad.1378257
