Beğavî'nin Meâlimü't-Tenzîl İsimli Tefsirindeki hadislerin tahriç ve değerlendirilmesi (Furkan, Şuarâ, Neml, Kasas, Ankebût ve Rûm Sûreleri)
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2024
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Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
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Abstract
Müfessirlerin Kur'ân'ı tefsir ederken başta Hz. Peygamber'den (s.a.s.) ve varsa sahâbe ve tâbiinden pek çok rivâyet naklederek yazdıkları tefsirlere rivâyet tefsiri adı verilmektedir. Beğavî'nin yazmış olduğu Me'âlimü't-tenzîl adlı tefsir kitabı da rivâyet türü bir tefsir olup bu alanda müstesna bir yere sahiptir. Beğavî, tefsirinde rivâyet ekolü geleneğine uyarak öncelikle Allah Rasûlü'ne nispet edilen merfû' rivayetler olmak üzere ashâb-ı kirâmın mevkûf haberlerini ve tâbiûndan çok sayıda maktû' rivâyeti nakletmiştir. Tefsirine aldığı rivâyetlerin senedini kimi zaman zikrederek kimi zaman zikretmeksizin, bazen yalnızca sahâbî râvisini söyleyerek muallâk bir şekilde aktarmıştır. Eserde, sıhhat bakımından sahîh, sahîh li ğayrihî, hasen, hasen li ğayrihî ve zayıf rivâyetler olduğu gibi sayısı az da olsa mevzû' ve aslı olmayan rivâyetlere de rastlanmaktadır. Çalışmamızda ilk önce Beğavî'nin hayatı ve eserleri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Daha sonra Furkân, Şuarâ, Neml, Kasas, Ankebût ve Rûm sûrelerinde müracaat ettiği 98 rivâyetin kaynakları tespit edilmiş ve sıhhat dereceleri hakkında değerlendirmede bulunulmuştur. Daha önce başlanmış bir çalışmanın devamı mahiyetinde olması hasebiyle ve tez hacmini aşmaması için mezkûr altı sûre ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada muhaddis bir âlimin tefsirinde istifade ettiği rivâyetleri kullanma biçimi incelenmiş ve bu rivâyetlerin durum değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Sonuç itibariyle Beğavî'nin yararlandığı 98 rivâyetin 69'u (% 70.40) mûteber hadis kaynaklarında mevcut olup makbul hadis sınıfına girmektedir.
The commentaries written by commentators by quoting many narrations from the Sunnah and, if any, from the companions and followers while interpreting the Quran are called narration tafsir. The commentary book titled Ma'alim at-tanzil, written by Baghawî, is a narration type commentary and has an exceptional place in this field. In his tafsir, Baghawi, as required by the narration school, made many quotations from the Prophet of Allah (s.a.s.), his companions and followers. In other words, he used marfû', mavkûf and maktû' narrations. He conveyed the narrations he included in his commentary, sometimes by mentioning the narration, sometimes without mentioning the narration, sometimes by quoting the narrator of the companions, and sometimes in an ambiguous manner. In the work, in terms of authenticity, there are sahih, hasan, non-hasan and weak narrations, as well as unfounded narrations, although their number is small. In our study, firstly, information about Baghawi's life and works is given. Later, the sources of the 98 narrations he used in the Surahs al-Furqan, al-Shuara, al-Naml, al-Qasas, al-Ankabut and al-Rum were recorded and their sources were determined and their degree of authenticity was evaluated. The six surahs mentioned were discussed since they are the continuation of a previously started study and in order not to exceed the volume of the thesis. Our main goal in this study is to examine the way a hadith scholar uses the narrations he narrated in his tafsir and to evaluate the situation of these narrations. As a result, the overwhelming majority of the 98 narrations narrated by Baghawi are available in reliable hadith sources. Many of the narrations fall into the category of acceptable hadiths.
The commentaries written by commentators by quoting many narrations from the Sunnah and, if any, from the companions and followers while interpreting the Quran are called narration tafsir. The commentary book titled Ma'alim at-tanzil, written by Baghawî, is a narration type commentary and has an exceptional place in this field. In his tafsir, Baghawi, as required by the narration school, made many quotations from the Prophet of Allah (s.a.s.), his companions and followers. In other words, he used marfû', mavkûf and maktû' narrations. He conveyed the narrations he included in his commentary, sometimes by mentioning the narration, sometimes without mentioning the narration, sometimes by quoting the narrator of the companions, and sometimes in an ambiguous manner. In the work, in terms of authenticity, there are sahih, hasan, non-hasan and weak narrations, as well as unfounded narrations, although their number is small. In our study, firstly, information about Baghawi's life and works is given. Later, the sources of the 98 narrations he used in the Surahs al-Furqan, al-Shuara, al-Naml, al-Qasas, al-Ankabut and al-Rum were recorded and their sources were determined and their degree of authenticity was evaluated. The six surahs mentioned were discussed since they are the continuation of a previously started study and in order not to exceed the volume of the thesis. Our main goal in this study is to examine the way a hadith scholar uses the narrations he narrated in his tafsir and to evaluate the situation of these narrations. As a result, the overwhelming majority of the 98 narrations narrated by Baghawi are available in reliable hadith sources. Many of the narrations fall into the category of acceptable hadiths.
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Hadîs, Beğavî, Me'âlimü't-tenzîl, Furkân Sûresi, Şuarâ Sûresi, Neml Sûresi, Kasas Sûresi, Ankebût Sûresi ve Rûm Sûresi, Hadith, Al-Baghawi, Ma'alim Al-Tanzil, Surahs Al-Furqan, Al-Shuara, Al-Naml, Al-Qasas, Al-Ankabut and Al-Rum
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Şakacı, F. (2024). Beğavî'nin Meâlimü't-Tenzîl İsimli Tefsirindeki hadislerin tahriç ve değerlendirilmesi (Furkan, Şuarâ, Neml, Kasas, Ankebût ve Rûm Sûreleri). (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya.
