Ekmeklik buğdayda çift melez F1 döl kuşağı kullanılarak çoklu genlerin (Nax1, Nax2, Gpc-B1) tek bitkiye aktarılması ve genetik ilişkilerinin incelenmesi
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2025
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Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Artan dünya nüfusu, küresel gıda güvenliği üzerinde ciddi bir baskı oluşturan biyotik ve abiyotik stres koşullarıyla karşı karşıyadır. Abiyotik stres koşullarının başında tuzluluk problemi gelmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, "gizli açlık" olarak adlandırılan, özellikle çinko (Zn) ve demir (Fe) gibi elementlerin yetersiz alımı dünya çapında milyarlarca insanı etkileyen önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Çalışmada, tuzluluğa toleranslı, mikro besin elementlerince zengin yeni buğday genotiplerinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmış ve tuzluluğa toleranslılık genleri (Nax1 ve Nax2) ile mikro besin elementi (Fe ve Zn) ve protein oranını artırma etkisine sahip Gpc-B1 geni hedef gen olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada materyal olarak Kınacı-97 çeşidine Nax1 ve Nax2 geni aktarılan hatlar ile Gpc-B1 geni içeren Yecora Rojo çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Hedef genler melezleme yoluyla aktarılmış ve sonrasında SSR yöntemi ile taranıp pozitif genleri taşıyan genotiplerin seçilimi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın ilk yılında Nax1+Gpc-B1 ve Nax2+Gpc-B1 gen kombinasyonları oluşturulmuştur. İkinci yıl bu genlerin bir araya getirilmesi amaçlanmış fakat üç gen bir araya gelmemiştir. Elde edilen gen kombinasyonu; Nax1+Nax2, Nax1+Gpc-B1 ve Nax2+Gpc-B1 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Melez tohumlar kontrollü sera ortamında saksılara ekilerek Kontrol (0 mM), 50 mM, 100 mM ve 200 mM NaCl uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Genlerin etkileri incelenmek üzere çeşitli analizler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Nax1 ve Nax2 geni içeren (Kın-5907) x (Kın-5924) genotipi düşük Na (0,145) ve B (4,92 mg kg-1) içeriği yanında yüksek Ca (0,64), K/Na (18,07), Ca/Na (4,41) ve protein oranı (%19,42) ile ön plana çıkmış olup tuz stresine karşı üstün dayanıklılık sergilemiştir. Nax2 ve Gpc-B1 genlerini içeren (Kın-5924) x Yecora Rojo genotipi bitki P, Ca, Zn, Fe, S ve Mg içeriği bakımından en yüksek, K, Mg ve Zn içeriği bakımından ise ikinci sırada sonuç veren genotip olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada Nax1 ve Gpc-B1 geni içeren (Kın-5907) x Yecora Rojo genotipi bitki K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn ve B içeriğinde en iyi sonucu vermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, özellikle Nax1, Nax2 ve Gpc-B1 gen kombinasyonlarının tuz toleransı ve besin elementi birikimi üzerindeki olumlu etkisini ortaya koymaktadır.
The increasing global population faces biotic and abiotic stress conditions that exert significant pressure on global food security. Among abiotic stress factors, salinity is one of the most critical challenges. Additionally, "hidden hunger," characterized by insufficient intake of elements such as zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), represents a major public health issue affecting billions of people worldwide. This study aimed to develop new wheat genotypes that are tolerant to salinity and rich in micronutrients. The genes Nax1 and Nax2, which confer salinity tolerance, and the Gpc-B1 gene, which enhances Fe, Zn, and protein content, were selected as target genes. As plant materials, lines carrying Nax1 and Nax2 genes introgressed into the Kınacı-97 cultivar and the Yecora Rojo cultivar containing the Gpc-B1 gene were used. The target genes were transferred via hybridization and subsequently screened using the SSR method to select genotypes carrying the desired genes. In the first year of the study, Nax1+Gpc-B1 and Nax2+Gpc-B1 gene combinations were established. In the second year, the goal was to combine all three genes; however, no genotype carrying all three genes simultaneously was obtained. The final gene combinations were Nax1+Nax2, Nax1+Gpc-B1, and Nax2+Gpc-B1. Hybrid seeds were sown in pots under controlled greenhouse conditions, and NaCl treatments of 0 mM (control), 50 mM, 100 mM, and 200 mM were applied. Various analyses were conducted to examine the effects of the genes. Various analyses were conducted to examine the effects of the genes. According to the results, the (Kın- v 5907) × (Kın-5924) genotype, which carries the Nax1 and Nax2 genes, stood out with its low Na (0.145) and B (4.92 mg kg⁻¹) content, as well as high Ca (0.64), K/Na (18.07), Ca/Na (4.41) ratios, and protein content (19.42%). This genotype exhibited superior tolerance to salt stress. The (Kın-5924) × Yecora Rojo genotype, which contains the Nax2 and Gpc-B1 genes, was identified as the genotype with the highest levels of P, Ca, Zn, Fe, S, and Mg, while ranking second in terms of K, Mg, and Zn content. In addition, the (Kın-5907) × Yecora Rojo genotype, which harbors the Nax1 and Gpc-B1 genes, demonstrated the best results in terms of K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and B accumulation in the plant. The findings highlight the positive impact of Nax1, Nax2, and Gpc-B1 gene combinations on salinity tolerance and nutrient accumulation in wheat.
The increasing global population faces biotic and abiotic stress conditions that exert significant pressure on global food security. Among abiotic stress factors, salinity is one of the most critical challenges. Additionally, "hidden hunger," characterized by insufficient intake of elements such as zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), represents a major public health issue affecting billions of people worldwide. This study aimed to develop new wheat genotypes that are tolerant to salinity and rich in micronutrients. The genes Nax1 and Nax2, which confer salinity tolerance, and the Gpc-B1 gene, which enhances Fe, Zn, and protein content, were selected as target genes. As plant materials, lines carrying Nax1 and Nax2 genes introgressed into the Kınacı-97 cultivar and the Yecora Rojo cultivar containing the Gpc-B1 gene were used. The target genes were transferred via hybridization and subsequently screened using the SSR method to select genotypes carrying the desired genes. In the first year of the study, Nax1+Gpc-B1 and Nax2+Gpc-B1 gene combinations were established. In the second year, the goal was to combine all three genes; however, no genotype carrying all three genes simultaneously was obtained. The final gene combinations were Nax1+Nax2, Nax1+Gpc-B1, and Nax2+Gpc-B1. Hybrid seeds were sown in pots under controlled greenhouse conditions, and NaCl treatments of 0 mM (control), 50 mM, 100 mM, and 200 mM were applied. Various analyses were conducted to examine the effects of the genes. Various analyses were conducted to examine the effects of the genes. According to the results, the (Kın- v 5907) × (Kın-5924) genotype, which carries the Nax1 and Nax2 genes, stood out with its low Na (0.145) and B (4.92 mg kg⁻¹) content, as well as high Ca (0.64), K/Na (18.07), Ca/Na (4.41) ratios, and protein content (19.42%). This genotype exhibited superior tolerance to salt stress. The (Kın-5924) × Yecora Rojo genotype, which contains the Nax2 and Gpc-B1 genes, was identified as the genotype with the highest levels of P, Ca, Zn, Fe, S, and Mg, while ranking second in terms of K, Mg, and Zn content. In addition, the (Kın-5907) × Yecora Rojo genotype, which harbors the Nax1 and Gpc-B1 genes, demonstrated the best results in terms of K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and B accumulation in the plant. The findings highlight the positive impact of Nax1, Nax2, and Gpc-B1 gene combinations on salinity tolerance and nutrient accumulation in wheat.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ekmeklik Buğday, Gpc-B1, Moleküler Marker, Nax1, Nax2, SSR, Bread Wheat, Molecular Marker
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
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Sayı
Künye
Çakır, İ. (2025). Ekmeklik buğdayda çift melez F1 döl kuşağı kullanılarak çoklu genlerin (Nax1, Nax2, Gpc-B1) tek bitkiye aktarılması ve genetik ilişkilerinin incelenmesi. (Doktora Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya
