Zihinsel Engelli Çocuğu Olan Babaların Ebeveynlik Deneyimleri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırma, zihinsel engelli çocuğu olan babaların zihinsel engelli çocuğunun olması ilgili
deneyimlerini, zihinsel engelli çocuklarının olmasının babaların hayatlarına yansımasını, zihinsel
engelli çocuğun bakımına babanın katılımının nasıl olduğunu ortaya çıkarma amacı taşımaktadır. Bu
amaç doğrultusunda araştırmada nitel yöntem ve teknikler kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmada 1-18 yaş aralığında zihinsel engelli çocuğu olan babalar ile çalışmıştır.
Araştırmada fenomenolojik yaklaşım kullanılarak babaların deneyimlerinin derinlemesine anlaşılması
hedeflenmiştir. Kar topu zincirleme örneklem yöntemi kullanılarak Nevşehir ilinde bulunan özel
rehabilitasyon merkezleri aracılığıyla yirmi beş babaya ulaşılarak katılımcı grubu oluşturulmuştur.
Katılımcı grubu ile araştırma amacına uygun olarak hazırlanmış olan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme ve
demografik bilgi formu ile derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılar ile yapılan
derinlemesine görüşmelerden elde edilen bilgiler betimsel analiz yöntemiyle temalar oluşturularak
analiz edilmiştir. Analiz, beş ana on sekiz alt tema olmak üzere toplam yirmi üç tema üzerinden
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen bilgiler literatür taramasında ulaşılan bilgiler ışığında
tartışılmış ardından katılımcıların beklentileri ve araştırma sonuçlarına uygun öneriler sunulmuştur.
Babalığa dair fikirlerde öne çıkanlar babalığın zor/yükü ağır, güzel olduğu ve sorumluluk
istediği ile ilgilidir. Zihinsel engelli çocuğun babası olmanın fedakârlık yapmak gerektirdiği ve
sorumlulukların arttığı görüşleri vardır. Zihinsel engelli çocukla otorite/kontrol, ilgili, bağlı ve sınırlı
ilişki kurulduğu görülmüştür. Zihinsel engelli çocukla kurulan ilişkide ilgili ve bağlı ilişkinin öne çıktığı
görülmüştür. Çocuğun zihinsel engelli olmasının utanç, üzülme, öfke gibi duygulara sebep olduğu
görülmüştür. Çocuğun zihinsel engelli olmasının öğrenilmesi ile saklama, şok, engel inkârı gibi
tutumların olduğu görülmüştür. Çocuğun zihinsel engelli olmasının özellikle inanç(din) yoluyla
kabullenildiği görülmüştür. Çocuğun bakımına aktif katılım sağlayan babaların çoğunlukta olduğu
bunun yanı sıra yardımcı rolünde olan, yalnızca maddi ihtiyaçları karşılayan, bakım sorumluluğu
almayan ve yalnız ebeveynlik yapan babaların olduğu görülmüştür. Zihinsel engelli çocuğun olması ile
birlikte eşiyle ilişkisinde değişim yaşamayanlar çoğunluktayken olumlu ve olumsuz değişim
yaşayanların olduğu görülmüştür. İş hayatında değişim olmayanların çoğunlukta olduğunu bunun
yanında zihinsel engelli çocuktan sonra değişim yaşayanların olduğu görülmüştür. Çevre ilişkisinde
değişiklik yaşamayanlar olduğu gibi çevrelerinden destek alanlar ve olumsuz tutumlarla karşılaşanların
olduğu görülmüştür.
Araştırmanın sonucunda katılımcıların çoğunluğa yakın sayılabilecek kısmının çocuk bakıma
eşitlikçi bir fikirle katıldıkları görülse de diğer kısmının toplumsal cinsiyet normlarına göre hareket
ettiği görülmüştür. Zihinsel engelli çocuğun doğumundan sonra kişilerin aile, eş, iş ve sosyal
yaşantılarından en az birinde değişiklikler olduğu görülmüştür. Bu noktada zihinsel engelli çocuğu olan
ailelerin psiko-sosyal ve ekonomik açıdan desteklenmeleri için özellikle sosyal hizmet alanında
çalışmalar yapılması önerilmektedir.
This study aims to reveal the experiences of fathers with mentally disabled children about having a mentally disabled child, the reflection of having a mentally disabled child on the lives of fathers, and how the father's participation in the care of the mentally disabled child is. For this purpose, qualitative methods and techniques were used in the study. The study was conducted with fathers who have children with intellectual disabilities between the ages of 1-18. In the research, it was aimed to understand the fathers' experiences in depth by using a phenomenological approach. The participant group was formed by reaching twenty-five fathers through private rehabilitation centers in Nevşehir province using the snowball chain sampling method. In-depth interviews were conducted with the participant group using a semi-structured interview and demographic information form prepared in accordance with the research purpose. The information obtained from the in-depth interviews with the participants was analyzed by creating themes with descriptive analysis method. The analysis was carried out on a total of twenty-three themes, five main themes and eighteen sub-themes. The information obtained as a result of the analysis was discussed in the light of the information obtained in the literature review, and then the expectations of the participants and suggestions appropriate to the research results were presented. The most prominent ideas about fatherhood are that fatherhood is difficult/ burdensome, beautiful and requires responsibility. There are opinions that being a father of a child with intellectual disabilities requires sacrifice and that responsibilities increase. It was observed that authority/control, caring, connected and limited relationship was established with the mentally disabled child. In the relationship established with the child with intellectual disabilities, it was observed that the related and dependent relationship was prominent. It was observed that the child's intellectual disability caused emotions such as shame, sadness and anger. It was seen that there were attitudes such as hiding, shock, denial of disability with the learning of the child's intellectual disability. It was seen that the child's intellectual disability was accepted especially through faith (religion). It has been observed that there is a majority of fathers who actively participate in the care of the child, as well as fathers who play the role of helper, meet only material needs, do not take care responsibility and are single parents. It was observed that there were mostly those who did not experience a change in their relationship with their spouse after having a child with intellectual disability, while there were those who experienced positive and negative changes. It was observed that there were mostly those who did not experience a change in their professional life, while there were those who experienced a change after having a child with intellectual disability. It was observed that there were those who did not experience a change in their relationship with their environment, as well as those who received support from their environment and those who encountered negative attitudes. As a result of the study, it was observed that a near-majority of the participants participated in childcare with an egalitarian idea, while the rest of the participants acted according to gender norms. It has been observed that after the birth of a child with intellectual disability, there are changes in at least one of the family, spouse, work and social lives of individuals. At this point, it is thought that studies viii should be carried out especially in the field of social work in order to support families with mentally disabled children in psycho-social and economic terms.
This study aims to reveal the experiences of fathers with mentally disabled children about having a mentally disabled child, the reflection of having a mentally disabled child on the lives of fathers, and how the father's participation in the care of the mentally disabled child is. For this purpose, qualitative methods and techniques were used in the study. The study was conducted with fathers who have children with intellectual disabilities between the ages of 1-18. In the research, it was aimed to understand the fathers' experiences in depth by using a phenomenological approach. The participant group was formed by reaching twenty-five fathers through private rehabilitation centers in Nevşehir province using the snowball chain sampling method. In-depth interviews were conducted with the participant group using a semi-structured interview and demographic information form prepared in accordance with the research purpose. The information obtained from the in-depth interviews with the participants was analyzed by creating themes with descriptive analysis method. The analysis was carried out on a total of twenty-three themes, five main themes and eighteen sub-themes. The information obtained as a result of the analysis was discussed in the light of the information obtained in the literature review, and then the expectations of the participants and suggestions appropriate to the research results were presented. The most prominent ideas about fatherhood are that fatherhood is difficult/ burdensome, beautiful and requires responsibility. There are opinions that being a father of a child with intellectual disabilities requires sacrifice and that responsibilities increase. It was observed that authority/control, caring, connected and limited relationship was established with the mentally disabled child. In the relationship established with the child with intellectual disabilities, it was observed that the related and dependent relationship was prominent. It was observed that the child's intellectual disability caused emotions such as shame, sadness and anger. It was seen that there were attitudes such as hiding, shock, denial of disability with the learning of the child's intellectual disability. It was seen that the child's intellectual disability was accepted especially through faith (religion). It has been observed that there is a majority of fathers who actively participate in the care of the child, as well as fathers who play the role of helper, meet only material needs, do not take care responsibility and are single parents. It was observed that there were mostly those who did not experience a change in their relationship with their spouse after having a child with intellectual disability, while there were those who experienced positive and negative changes. It was observed that there were mostly those who did not experience a change in their professional life, while there were those who experienced a change after having a child with intellectual disability. It was observed that there were those who did not experience a change in their relationship with their environment, as well as those who received support from their environment and those who encountered negative attitudes. As a result of the study, it was observed that a near-majority of the participants participated in childcare with an egalitarian idea, while the rest of the participants acted according to gender norms. It has been observed that after the birth of a child with intellectual disability, there are changes in at least one of the family, spouse, work and social lives of individuals. At this point, it is thought that studies viii should be carried out especially in the field of social work in order to support families with mentally disabled children in psycho-social and economic terms.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Babalık, Ebeveynlik, Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Zihinsel Engelli Çocuk, Fatherhood, Parenting, Gender, Mentally Disabled Child
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Yolalaner, F., (2023). Zihinsel Engelli Çocuğu Olan Babaların Ebeveynlik Deneyimleri. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
