Elektriksel direnç yöntemi aracılığıyla kaya maddelerinde süreksizliklerin belirlenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2002-01-30
Yazarlar
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Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bugün kaya mühendislik tasarımlarında yaklaşık 30 adet kaya kütle parametresi vardır. Bu parametreler tasarım mühendisleri tarafından kaya kütlelerinin karakteristik özelliklerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılırlar. Yeraltında gaz, su, petrol depo kazı açıklıklarında, atıkların depolandığı yeraltı kazı açıklıklarında, maden topuklarında veya uzun ayak panolarında bu parametreler birçok farklı mühendislik problemi yaratabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kaya madde özellikleri ve elektriksel iletkenlik değerlerinin su içerikleri ile ilişkisini belirlemek ve kaya kütlesi içerisindeki süreksizlik düzlemlerinin pozisyonlarım ve boyutlarını belirlemek olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, homojen kaya birimlerini tanımlayan 6 adet model malzeme ve kaya maddesini tanımlayan 15 adet orijinal model kaya maddesi seçilmiştir. Seçilen bu malzemelere bağlı olarak toplam 217 adet model numune hazırlanmıştır. Seçilmiş model malzemeler için hazırlanan deney model numuneleri iki ayrı kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Birincisi orijinal malzemeler iken diğerleri cam, metal pul, alçı ve gaz beton tutkalı içermektedir. Bu cam, metal pul, alçı ve gaz beton tutkalı doğal kaya kütlesi içerisindeki süreksizlik düzlemlerini modellemek amacıyla kullanılmışlardır. Bu çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında ise, kaya kütlesi veya maddesi içerisindeki orijinal süreksizlik düzlemlerini belirlemek amacıyla seçilen orijinal model kaya-karotları ve kaya-bloklarından hazırlanan model numuneler ile deneyler yapılmıştır. Hazırlanan model deney numuneleri üzerinde elektriksel iletkenlik ve mekanik deneyler yapılmadan önce, numunelerin suya doygunluk dereceleri belirlenmiştir. Bu deney sonuçlan deney numunelerinin 15-20 dakika içerisinde % 95-98 su doygunluk derecesine ulaştıklarını göstermiştir. Tespit edilen bu değerler, su içeriklerine göre deney numunelerinin elektriksel iletkenliklerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılmıştır. Elektriksel iletkenlik ve mekanik deneyler Selçuk Üniversitesi Maden, İnşaat ve Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölüm Laboratuarlarında gerçekleştirildi. Gerçekleştirilen deney sonuçlarının ifade ettiği toplam 581 adet grafik MS-Excel programı ile çizildi ve bu grafikler değerlendirildi ve yorumlandı. Gerçekleştirilen deney sonuçlarının yorumlanmalarına göre süreksizlik düzlemleri etrafında yüksek miktarlarda birken su elektriksel iletkenliği artırmaktadır. Laboratuardan elde edilen sonuçlar kaya kütlesi içerisindeki süreksizlik düzlemlerinin nasıl ifade edilebileceğim göstermiştir. Deney sonuçlan incelendiğinde tez kapsamında geliştirilen yöntemlerin gizli çatlakları bile belirlediği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, kaya blok veya numunelerdeki süreksizliklerin belirlenmesinde bu yaklaşım kullanılabilir. Sonuç olarak, bu deney sonuçlan süreksizlikleri içeren kaya kütlesinde gerçekleştirilen tasarım çalışmaları esnasında dikkate alınmalıdır.
Today, there are about 30 rock mass parameters in rock engineering designs. These parameters are used to characterize of rock masses by design engineer. One of them is joint set parameters in rock masses. During the design of in underground storage facilities for gas, water and petroleum excavations openings for waste dumping, mining pillars and longwall panels, several engineering problems can be originated by these parameter. The main objectives of this research are selected to determine rock material properties and electrical conductivity values with respect to their water content. It is also aimed to determine the position and size of the joints in rock masses. In this study 6 model materials were selected to represent homogenous rock conditions and 15 original rock material were selected to represent rock material themselves. Total 217 model were prepared selected materials. Test models prepared for selected model materials were separated in to two categories; first group of samples was composed of the original material the second group had an glass pieces, metal washers, plaster of Paris and glue of gas concrete in them. Glass pieces, metal washers, plaster of Paris and glue of gas concrete were put into the test samples having certain positioning pattern to simulate random joint orientation like in the natural rock masses. In the second stage of this study, original rock materials models which were selected from rock-cores and rock-blocks were tested to determine original rock material joints pattern. Before the tests planned to perform on model samples which were the electrical conductivity and mechanical tests, the saturation degree of the prepared tests samples were determined. It was observed that all the samples reached their 95- 98 % saturation degree in 15-20 minutes time. These values were then used to determine the electrical conductivity values of the samples with respect to their water contents. The results of planned tests were recorded to a data-base which contains electrical conductivity and mechanical tests results which were carried out in the laboratories of Selçuk University-Mining, Civil and Geological Engineering Departments. Total 581 graphics presenting the result of the performed tests were drawn by using MS-EXCEL programme and these graphics were evaluated accordingly. At the end of the test result interpretation it was observed that, electrical field around the joints were higher due to their high water bearing characteristics. The resultant graphics obtained in laboratory tests illustrated how joints in the rock masses were detected in the samples. According to these graphics the approach used in this research study can determine even secret joint locations in the selected rock masses and provided model samples. Therefore these results should also be considered during the design practices at rock masses consisting discontinuities.
Today, there are about 30 rock mass parameters in rock engineering designs. These parameters are used to characterize of rock masses by design engineer. One of them is joint set parameters in rock masses. During the design of in underground storage facilities for gas, water and petroleum excavations openings for waste dumping, mining pillars and longwall panels, several engineering problems can be originated by these parameter. The main objectives of this research are selected to determine rock material properties and electrical conductivity values with respect to their water content. It is also aimed to determine the position and size of the joints in rock masses. In this study 6 model materials were selected to represent homogenous rock conditions and 15 original rock material were selected to represent rock material themselves. Total 217 model were prepared selected materials. Test models prepared for selected model materials were separated in to two categories; first group of samples was composed of the original material the second group had an glass pieces, metal washers, plaster of Paris and glue of gas concrete in them. Glass pieces, metal washers, plaster of Paris and glue of gas concrete were put into the test samples having certain positioning pattern to simulate random joint orientation like in the natural rock masses. In the second stage of this study, original rock materials models which were selected from rock-cores and rock-blocks were tested to determine original rock material joints pattern. Before the tests planned to perform on model samples which were the electrical conductivity and mechanical tests, the saturation degree of the prepared tests samples were determined. It was observed that all the samples reached their 95- 98 % saturation degree in 15-20 minutes time. These values were then used to determine the electrical conductivity values of the samples with respect to their water contents. The results of planned tests were recorded to a data-base which contains electrical conductivity and mechanical tests results which were carried out in the laboratories of Selçuk University-Mining, Civil and Geological Engineering Departments. Total 581 graphics presenting the result of the performed tests were drawn by using MS-EXCEL programme and these graphics were evaluated accordingly. At the end of the test result interpretation it was observed that, electrical field around the joints were higher due to their high water bearing characteristics. The resultant graphics obtained in laboratory tests illustrated how joints in the rock masses were detected in the samples. According to these graphics the approach used in this research study can determine even secret joint locations in the selected rock masses and provided model samples. Therefore these results should also be considered during the design practices at rock masses consisting discontinuities.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Elektriksel iletkenlik, Electrical conductivity, Kaya özellikleri, Rock properties, Su içeriği, Water content, Süreksizlik, Discontinuity
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Bilim, N. (2002). Elektriksel direnç yöntemi aracılığıyla kaya maddelerinde süreksizliklerin belirlenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yayımlanmış yüksek lisans tezi, Konya.
