Farklı Sistemlerde Yetiştirilen Yumurta Tavuklarının Yumurta Verimi, Yumurta Kalitesi, Kabuk Mikrobiyal Yükü ve Ekonomik Analiz Yönünden Karşılaştırması
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmanın amacı, zenginleştirilmiş kafes sistemi, kapalı ızgaralı sistem ve serbest dolaşımlı sistemlerde yetiştirilen tavukların performans, yumurta kalitesi, tüy skoru, göğüs kemiği deformasyonu, kabuk mikrobiyal yükü ve ekonomik analiz yönünden karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışmada 240 adet ATAK-S genotipi yumurta tavuğu kullanılmıştır. Denemede yer alan üç yetiştirme tipinin her birisi dört tekerrürden meydana gelmiş olup, her tekerrürde 20 adet tavuk kullanılmıştır. Çalışma 16 haftalık yaştan itibaren 36 haftalık yaşa kadar sürdürülmüştür. Araştırmada yumurta verimi (Tavuk-gün, %; kümülatif, adet), kırık yumurta oranı (%), yere yumurtlama oranı (%), yumurta ağırlığı (g), yumurta kütlesi (g/tavuk/gün), yem tüketimi (g/tavuk/gün), yem değerlendirme katsayısı (g yem/g yum) ve yaşama gücü (%) incelenmiştir. Yumurta kalite özellikleri olarak yumurta ağırlığı (g), şekil indeksi (%), özgül ağırlık (g/cm3 ), kabuk kırılma mukavemeti (kg), ak yüksekliği (mm), Haugh birimi ve sarı rengi belirlenmiştir. Stres ve refah özellikleri olarak, tonik immobilite süresi, tüy skoru, ayak tabanı yangısı ve göğüs kemiği deformasyonu incelenmiştir. Ayrıca yumurta maliyeti ve yumurta kabuk v mikrobiyal yükü tespit edilmiştir. Yumurta verimi (tavuk-gün,%; adet), %5 ve %50 yumurta verime ulaşma yaşı (gün), yumurta ağırlığı, yemden yararlanma oranı ve yaşama gücü bakımından deneme grupları arasında fark istatistiki olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur. Kapalı ızgaralı sisteminde yetiştirilen tavuklardan elde edilen yumurtaların kırık-çatlak oranı (%10.29) serbest sistemde yetiştirilen tavuklardan elde edilen yumurtaların kırık-çatlak yumurta oranından (%2.83) daha yüksek (P<0.05) fakat kapalı ızgaralı sisteminde yetiştirilen tavuklardan elde edilen yumurtaların kırık-çatlak oranı zenginleştirilmiş kafes sisteminde yetiştirilen tavuklardan elde edilen yumurtaların kırık çatlak oranı (%8.17) ile benzer oranda olduğu görülmüştür. Yere yumurtlanan yumurta oranı kapalı ızgaralı sisteminde %11.38 ve serbest dolaşımlı sistemde %1.06 olarak tespit edilmiş olup gruplar arasında fark istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Serbest dolaşımlı sistemde yetiştirilen tavuklardan elde edilen yumurtaların yumurta kütlesi (44.06 g/tavuk/gün) kapalı ızgaralı sistemde yetiştirilen tavuklardan elde edilen yumurta kütlesinden (39.37 g/tavuk/gün) daha yüksek, fakat zenginleştirilmiş kafes sistemindeki yetiştirilen tavuklardan elde edilen yumurtalarla (41.35 g/tavuk/gün) benzer olduğu görülmüştür (P<0.05). Yem tüketimi serbest dolaşımlı sistemde 114.45 g/gün tespit edilmiş olup, zenginleştirilmiş kafes sisteminde (110.09 g/gün) yetiştirilen tavukların yem tüketiminden daha fazla (P<0.05) fakat kapalı ızgaralı sistemde (111.84 g/gün) yetiştirilen tavukların yem tüketimi ile benzer olduğu görülmüştür. Yumurta kalite kriterlerinden şekil indeksi, özgül ağırlık, ak yükseklik, Haugh birimi ve sarı rengi bakımından deneme grupları arasında fark istatistiki olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur. Serbest dolaşımlı sisteminde yetiştirilen tavuklardan elde edilen yumurtaların yumurta kabuk mukavemeti (3.803 kg) kapalı ızgaralı sistemde yetiştirilen tavuklardan elde edilen yumurtaların yumurta kabuk mukavemetinden (3.631 kg) daha yüksek (P<0.05) fakat zenginleştirilmiş kafes sisteminde yetiştirilen tavuklardan elde edilen yumurtaların yumurta kabuk mukavemeti (3.687 kg) ile benzer olduğu görülmüştür. Kanat tüy skoru, sırt tüy skoru ve ayak taban yangısı bakımından deneme grupları arasında fark istatistiki olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur. Serbest dolaşımlı sisteminde yetiştirilen tavukların tonik immobilite süresine ait ortalama (2.42 dk) kapalı ızgaralı sistemde yetiştirilen tavukların tonik immobilite ortalamasından (6.80 dk) daha düşük (P<0.05) fakat zenginleştirilmiş kafes sisteminde yetiştirilen tavukların tonik immobilite süresi (5.02 dk) ile benzer olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yumurta kabuk mikrobiyal yükü en düşük zenginleştirilmiş kafes sistemindeki yumurtalarda (1.94 Log KOB/adet) tespit edilirken, kapalı ızgaralı sistemdeki yumurtaların kabuk mikrobiyal vi yükü (3.82 Log KOB/adet) ile serbest dolaşımlı sistemdeki yumurtaların kabuk mikrobiyal yükü (3.55 Log KOB/adet) arasında istatistiki bir farklılık belirlenmemiştir. Yumurta maliyeti en yüksek serbest dolaşımlı sistemde (0.64 TL/adet) tespit edilirken (P<0.05), zenginleştirilmiş kafes sistemindeki yumurta maliyeti (0.49 TL/adet) ile kapalı ızgaralı sistemdeki yumurta maliyeti (0.52 TL/adet) arasında istatistiki bir farklılık bulunmamıştır.
The aim of this study is to compare the performance, egg quality, feather score, keel bone deformation, shell microbial load and economic analysis of laying hens reared in enriched cage systems, barn systems and free-range systems. 240 ATAK-S genotype laying hens were used in the study. Each of the three rearing systems in the experiment consisted of four replications, and 20 chickens were used in each replication. The study was continued from 16 weeks of age to 36 weeks of age. In the research, egg production (hen-day, %; cumulative, number), broken-cracked egg ratio (%), floor-egg rate (%), egg weight (g), egg mass (g/hen/day), feed consumption (g/day), feed conversion ratio (g feed/g yum) and viability (%) were investigated. Egg weight (g), shape index (%), specific gravity (g/cm3 ), shell breaking strength (kg), viii albumen height (mm), Haugh unit and yolk color were investigated as egg quality characteristics. As stress and well-being characteristics, tonic immobility, feather score, footpad dermatitis, and keel bone deformation were examined. In addition, egg cost and eggshell microbial load were determined. The difference between the experimental groups in terms of egg production (hen-day, %; number), 5% and 50% egg laying age (days), egg weight, feed conversion ratio and viability were found to be statistically insignificant. The broken-cracked rate of eggs from hens reared in barn system (10.29%) is higher than the broken-cracked egg rate of eggs from free-range systems (2.83%), but the broken-cracked rate of eggs obtained from hens raised in enriched cage systems (8.17%) has a similar rate (P<0.05). The floor-eggs were determined to be 11.38% in the barn system and 1.06% in the free range system, and the difference between the groups was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). Egg mass (44.06 g/hen/day) of eggs from hens raised in a free range system is higher than that of hens raised in a barn system (39.37 g/hen/day), but eggs obtained from hens raised in an enriched cage system (41.35; g/chicken/day) were found to be of similar mass (P<0.05). The feed consumption (g/day) was determined to be 114.45 g/day in the free-range system, and it was found that the feed consumption of the chickens raised in the enriched cage system (110.09 g/day) was similar to the feed consumption of the hens raised in the barn system (111.84 g/day) (P<0.05). The difference between the experimental groups in terms of egg quality criteria such as shape index, specific gravity, albumen height, Haugh unit and yolk color was found to be statistically insignificant. The eggshell strength (3.803 kg) of eggs from hens raised in the free-range system is higher (P<0.05) than the eggshell strength of hens raised in a barn system (3.631 kg), but the eggshell strength of eggs from hens raised in an enriched cage system (3.687 kg) was found to be similar. The difference between the experimental groups in terms of wing feather score, back feather score and footpad dermatitis was found to be statistically insignificant. It was determined that the tonic immobility values (2.42 min) of the chickens raised in the free-range system were lower (P<0.05) than the tonic immobility values (6.80 min) of the chickens raised in the barn system, but similar to the tonic immobility values (5.02 min) of the hens raised in the enriched cage system. While the highest egg cost was determined in the free-range system (0.64 TL/egg), there was no statistical difference between the enriched cage system (0.49 TL/egg) and the barn system (0.52 TL/egg) for egg cost. While the eggshell microbial load was found to be the lowest in the enriched cage system (1.94 log CFU/egg), there was no statistical difference between the barn system (3.82 log CFU/egg) and the free-range system (3.55 log CFU/egg) for the shell microbial load of the eggs.
The aim of this study is to compare the performance, egg quality, feather score, keel bone deformation, shell microbial load and economic analysis of laying hens reared in enriched cage systems, barn systems and free-range systems. 240 ATAK-S genotype laying hens were used in the study. Each of the three rearing systems in the experiment consisted of four replications, and 20 chickens were used in each replication. The study was continued from 16 weeks of age to 36 weeks of age. In the research, egg production (hen-day, %; cumulative, number), broken-cracked egg ratio (%), floor-egg rate (%), egg weight (g), egg mass (g/hen/day), feed consumption (g/day), feed conversion ratio (g feed/g yum) and viability (%) were investigated. Egg weight (g), shape index (%), specific gravity (g/cm3 ), shell breaking strength (kg), viii albumen height (mm), Haugh unit and yolk color were investigated as egg quality characteristics. As stress and well-being characteristics, tonic immobility, feather score, footpad dermatitis, and keel bone deformation were examined. In addition, egg cost and eggshell microbial load were determined. The difference between the experimental groups in terms of egg production (hen-day, %; number), 5% and 50% egg laying age (days), egg weight, feed conversion ratio and viability were found to be statistically insignificant. The broken-cracked rate of eggs from hens reared in barn system (10.29%) is higher than the broken-cracked egg rate of eggs from free-range systems (2.83%), but the broken-cracked rate of eggs obtained from hens raised in enriched cage systems (8.17%) has a similar rate (P<0.05). The floor-eggs were determined to be 11.38% in the barn system and 1.06% in the free range system, and the difference between the groups was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). Egg mass (44.06 g/hen/day) of eggs from hens raised in a free range system is higher than that of hens raised in a barn system (39.37 g/hen/day), but eggs obtained from hens raised in an enriched cage system (41.35; g/chicken/day) were found to be of similar mass (P<0.05). The feed consumption (g/day) was determined to be 114.45 g/day in the free-range system, and it was found that the feed consumption of the chickens raised in the enriched cage system (110.09 g/day) was similar to the feed consumption of the hens raised in the barn system (111.84 g/day) (P<0.05). The difference between the experimental groups in terms of egg quality criteria such as shape index, specific gravity, albumen height, Haugh unit and yolk color was found to be statistically insignificant. The eggshell strength (3.803 kg) of eggs from hens raised in the free-range system is higher (P<0.05) than the eggshell strength of hens raised in a barn system (3.631 kg), but the eggshell strength of eggs from hens raised in an enriched cage system (3.687 kg) was found to be similar. The difference between the experimental groups in terms of wing feather score, back feather score and footpad dermatitis was found to be statistically insignificant. It was determined that the tonic immobility values (2.42 min) of the chickens raised in the free-range system were lower (P<0.05) than the tonic immobility values (6.80 min) of the chickens raised in the barn system, but similar to the tonic immobility values (5.02 min) of the hens raised in the enriched cage system. While the highest egg cost was determined in the free-range system (0.64 TL/egg), there was no statistical difference between the enriched cage system (0.49 TL/egg) and the barn system (0.52 TL/egg) for egg cost. While the eggshell microbial load was found to be the lowest in the enriched cage system (1.94 log CFU/egg), there was no statistical difference between the barn system (3.82 log CFU/egg) and the free-range system (3.55 log CFU/egg) for the shell microbial load of the eggs.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Yumurta Üretim Sistemleri, Yumurta Kalitesi, Performans, Tonik Immobilite, Kabuk Mikrobiyal Yükü, Egg Production Systems, Egg Quality, Performance, Tonic Immobility, Shell Microbial Load
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Işık, Ş., (2023). Farklı Sistemlerde Yetiştirilen Yumurta Tavuklarının Yumurta Verimi, Yumurta Kalitesi, Kabuk Mikrobiyal Yükü ve Ekonomik Analiz Yönünden Karşılaştırması. (Doktora Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
