ANALYTICAL METHOD OPTIMIZATION AND MONITORING OF PRIORITY ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN URBAN AIR
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2009
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
In the first phase of the research an analytical method was developed in order to determine three groups of priority organic pollutants simultaneously Such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in atmosphere quantitatively by chromatographic techniques. In the second phase of the research, PAHs, PCBs and OCPs were monitored in gas and particle phases of urban air. In determining particle phase compounds, the best extraction efficiencies were obtained by ultrasonic extraction method using 25 mL of n-hexane/petroleum ether (1/1, v/v) solvent mixture three times for 15 minutes. For determining compounds in gas phase of air samples soxhlet extraction method was carried out for 16 hours With 150 mL diethyl ether/n-hexane (1/9, v/v) solvent mixture. 10 grain 5% deactivated silica gel column was used for cleaning up the interfering substances while simultaneously fractionation of target compounds prior to GC analyses. Elutions of compounds were carried out as follow: Fraction 1: 70 mL n-hexane, Fraction 2: 3 x 20 mL n-hexane/ethyl acetate (1/1, v/v). PAHs and PCBs compounds were determined with GC/MS systems while OCPs compounds were determined using GC/mu-ECD system. Surrogate and standard spiked filters were analyzed after optimized method. Recovery were between 86%+/- 2 and 104%+/- 3 for PCBs with Relative Standard Deviation (RSD)<+/- 4, between 66%+/- 6 and 94%+/- 5 for PAHs with RSD<+/- 8, between 67%+/- 5 and 120%+/- 10 for OCPs with RSD<10. Spiked PUF plugs were also analyzed following the optimized method. Recovery ratios obtained from PUF Plugs were between 94%+/- 9 and 118%+/- 8 for PCBs with RSD%+/- 9 while the recovery ratios changed from 88%+/- l to 120%+/- 2 for PAHs with RSD<+/- 8. Recovery ratios of OCP compounds were between 65%+/- 4 and 108%+/- 6 with RSD<+/- 9. In order to determine the matrix effect on optimized method, air sampled filters and PUF plugs were spiked with standards and surrogate standards and analyzed according to the optimized method. Recovery ratios of air sampled and spiked filters and PUF plugs were not statistically significantly different from the recoveries of lion air sampled spiked filters and PUF plugs at 95% level. Gas phase and particle phase PAHs, PCBs and OCPs contents were analyzed in air samples taken from five different locations selected considering residential, industrial and traffic areas between August 2006 and May 2007. Mean PAHs concentrations were between 30 ng m(-3) and 214 ng m(-3) while mean PCBs and OCPs were between 0.04 ng m(-3) and 0.14 ng m(-3) and 0.81 ng m(-3) and 6.15 ng m(-3), respectively. Total concentration ratios found in gas phase were 61%-63% for PAHs, 63%-89% for PCBs and 45%-70% for OCPs. With increasing in temperature concentration ratios in gas phase were increased while concentration ratios in particle phase decreased for all compounds. The higher concentrations of PAHs were determined in winter seasons while the lower concentrations of PAHs were determined in summer. Results from seasonal monitoring of PCBs in urban air of Konya show that the highest PCBs concentrations were determined in September while the lowest PCBs concentrations in April. The highest total OCPs concentrations were found in autumn seasons that in these months, lands were prepared for planting by farmers. Considering the risk characterization of these compounds determined in Konya urban air it could be concluded that these compounds pose some health risks for human.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
urban air, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs)
Kaynak
ENVIRONMENTAL AND REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION
WoS Q Değeri
N/A
