Üçüncü Haçlı Seferi Döneminde Türkiye Selçukluları ve Roma-Germen İmparatorluğu’nun Diplomatik Münasebetleri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021 Aralık
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
III. Haçlı Seferi, Selâhaddin Eyyûbî’nin 1187 yılında Kudüs Krallığı Ordusu’nu Hıttin Savaşı’nda (4 Temmuz) mağlup edip Kudüs’ü fethi (2 Ekim) ardından başlamış ve Ortaçağ kaynaklarına göre 1189-1192 yılları arasında devam etmiştir. Bu, güzergâhında Anadolu Yarımadası’nın yer aldığı üçüncü seferdir. Sefer sırasında yarımadadan geçen birliklere KutsalRoma Germen İmparatoru Friedrich Barbarossa komuta etmiştir. Sefer öncesinde güzergâhında bulunan memleketlerin liderleri ile kurduğu diplomatik temaslarla Haçlı Ordusu’nun ilerleyişini ve erzak ihtiyacını emniyet altına almak istemiştir. Diplomatik temas kurduğu hükümdarlardan biri de Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti Sultanı II. Kılıç Arslan olmuştur. Ancak ilerlemiş yaşta olan Sultan’ın ülkesini oğulları arasında taksim etmesi idarî zafiyet yaratmış, başta Melik Kutbeddin Melikşah olmak üzere kimi Selçuklu ileri gelenlerinin Sultan’ın itidalli politikası hilâfına davranmaları da tarafların çatışması ile neticelenmiştir. Neticede başkent Konya haçlıların işgaline uğramıştır. Ortaçağ kaynaklarından faydalanılarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada tarafların Godefroi von Wiesenbach ve Tokili gibi elçiler vasıtası ile yürüttükleri diplomatik temaslara yer verilmiştir. Temel konusunu Haçlı Ordusu’nun yarımadadan güvenli geçişi ve iaşesinin temini olan bu görüşmeler dışında dönemin ileri gelen Selçuklu idarecilerinin süreci etkileyen siyasi ve askeri kararları da dönem kaynakların elverdiği ölçüde mümkün mertebe müzakere edilmiştir.
The Third Crusade was initiated as a response to the victory of Ayy?bid Sultan Sal?h al-D?n at the Battle of Hattin (July 4) and his conquest of Jerusalem (October 2) in 1187 and continued between the years 1189-1192 according to medieval sources. This was the third expedition which passed through the Anatolian Peninsula. In their passage through Anatolian peninsula, the crusaders were under the command of Friedrich Barbarossa. He tried to secure the passage and provisioning of the Crusader Army by establishing diplomatic contacts with the rulers of the countries lied on the route of the expedition. One of the leaders with whom he had diplomatic contact was Kilidj Arslan II, the sultan of the State of Türkiye Seljuks. However, the Seljuk territories had been divided among the sons of the Sultan, who were in his late years. This caused a weakness in his authority as several Seljuk notables, particularly Malik Kutb al-D?n Malik-Sh?h, opposed the Sultan’s cautious foreign policy and his decision to give safe passage to the crusaders and this eventually resulted in the armed conflict of the Seljuks and the Crusaders. And as a result, the capital Konia was invaded by the Crusader army. This paper examines the diplomatic contacts between the Seljuks and the Crusaders conducted by the ambassadors such as Godefroi von Wiesenbach and Tokili by using the medieval sources. Although the main focus is the negotiations between the Seljuks and the Crusaders on the issues of safe passage and providing provisions for the Crusading Army, the military and political decisions and interventions by the Seljukid notables affecting the process are also examined as the extant sources permit.
The Third Crusade was initiated as a response to the victory of Ayy?bid Sultan Sal?h al-D?n at the Battle of Hattin (July 4) and his conquest of Jerusalem (October 2) in 1187 and continued between the years 1189-1192 according to medieval sources. This was the third expedition which passed through the Anatolian Peninsula. In their passage through Anatolian peninsula, the crusaders were under the command of Friedrich Barbarossa. He tried to secure the passage and provisioning of the Crusader Army by establishing diplomatic contacts with the rulers of the countries lied on the route of the expedition. One of the leaders with whom he had diplomatic contact was Kilidj Arslan II, the sultan of the State of Türkiye Seljuks. However, the Seljuk territories had been divided among the sons of the Sultan, who were in his late years. This caused a weakness in his authority as several Seljuk notables, particularly Malik Kutb al-D?n Malik-Sh?h, opposed the Sultan’s cautious foreign policy and his decision to give safe passage to the crusaders and this eventually resulted in the armed conflict of the Seljuks and the Crusaders. And as a result, the capital Konia was invaded by the Crusader army. This paper examines the diplomatic contacts between the Seljuks and the Crusaders conducted by the ambassadors such as Godefroi von Wiesenbach and Tokili by using the medieval sources. Although the main focus is the negotiations between the Seljuks and the Crusaders on the issues of safe passage and providing provisions for the Crusading Army, the military and political decisions and interventions by the Seljukid notables affecting the process are also examined as the extant sources permit.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
III. Haçlı Seferi, II. Kılıç Arslan, Friedrich Barbarossa, Diplomatik İlişkiler, Third Crusade, Kilidj Arslan II, Diplomatic Relations
Kaynak
Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
53
Künye
Eskikurt, A., (2021). Üçüncü Haçlı Seferi Döneminde Türkiye Selçukluları ve Roma-Germen İmparatorluğu’nun Diplomatik Münasebetleri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (53), 451-467.
