Tari̇hi̇ Yapı ve Alanları Herkes içi̇n Eri̇şi̇lebi̇li̇r Hale Geti̇rmeye Yöneli̇k Model Öneri̇si̇; Si̇vas Kent Örneği̇
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
5378 sayılı Engelliler Hakkında Kanunun 2005 yılında yürürlüğe girmesi ve sonrasında
sorumlulara tanınan uzun sürecin sonunda Türkiye’de halen yeterli seviyede erişilebilir yaşam alanları
oluşturamadığı görülmektedir. Son yıllarda teorik çalışmaların yoğunlaşmasına rağmen, uygulama
kültürü geliştirilememiştir. Yaşadığımız kentlerde erişilebilirlik uygulamaları bu kadar yavaş ilerlerken,
bütüncül yaklaşım ile tarihi yapı ve alanlarda tam erişimin sağlanması oldukça zorlu ve özenli bir süreci
gerektirmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı; tarihi yapı ve alanları tam erişilebilir hale getirirken, özgün
değerlerin korunması, belirli bir gruba özel değil herkes için uygun çözümlerin geliştirilmesi, akılcı ve
etkin çözümler üretilmesi gibi ilave zorluklara rağmen, uygulamaların kısa sürede hayata geçirilmesinin
mümkün olduğunun ortaya konulmasıdır. Yoğunlukla mevcut yapı stokundaki binaların erişilebilirliğinin
tartışıldığı tıkanmış tekrar ortamında, konuyu farklı vizyon ile tarihi yapı ve alanlar üzerinden tartışarak
daha hızlı yol alabilme fikri ön plana çıkarılmaktadır. Çalışma alanı olarak farklı katmanlardan tarihi
yapıları ve tarihi kent merkezi ile açık hava müzesi niteliğindeki Sivas kenti seçilmiştir. Günümüzde
yeniden kullanım sürecinde farklı işlevlerle değerlendirilen; Buruciye Medresesi, Ulu Cami, Keykavus
Darüşşifası, Kongre Binası Atatürk ve Etnografya Müzesi ve Tarihi Tren Garı binalarında özel mimari
düzenlemeler projelendirilmiş olup, seçilen eserleri de içeren yenilikçi yaklaşımla kurgulanmış tam
erişilebilir tarihi güzergâh ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca kenti ve tarihi yapıları deneyimleyen 159 katılımcı
ile kentsel ölçekte ve yapılar özelinde altı farklı anket çalışması gerçekleştirilerek, tam erişilebilir tarihi
kent modeli geliştirilmiştir. Tarihi yapı ve çevrenin özel durumunu gözeten, koruma kullanma dengesine
saygılı, bütüncül bir yaklaşımla, saha çalışmaları ve anketler çerçevesinde altı başlık belirlenmiş ve
mimari dil bütünlüğü içerisinde, uluslararası uygulamalardan beslenen fakat yerel dinamikleri de göz ardı
etmeyen çözümler geliştirilmiştir. Engelsiz saha, rampa, korkuluk ve kentsel donatı düzenlemeleri,
erişilebilir otopark düzenlemeleri, asansör ve platform çözümleri, herkes için tuvalet çözümleri,
hissedilebilir yüzey-Braille alfabeli harita uygulamaları, yönlendirici, bilgilendirici, uyarıcılar ve dijital
yazılımlı yenilikçi çözümler olarak sistematize edilen mimari düzenlemeler, tarihi yapılar ve kent
genelinde araştırılarak tam erişilebilirlik fikri ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmada evrensel veriler
çerçevesinde yürürlükteki standartlar sorgulanmış, ilgili ulusal standartların yetersizliği ve tarihi çevrenin
erişilebilirliği noktasında yeni düzenlemelere ihtiyaç duyulduğu tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda yerel
yönetimlere ve uygulayıcı sorumlulara eleştiriler getirilmiştir. Önerilen model kapsamında özelden genele
kısa süre içerisinde doğru yasal altyapı ve standartların güncellemeleri ile ‘tarihi yapı ve alanlarda dahi’
etkin sonuç alabilmenin mümkün olacağı ortaya konulmaktadır.
It has seen that the Law on the Disabled Number 5378 came into force in 2005 and after the long process given to those responsible, it still could not create adequate accessible living areas in Turkey. Even though the increment of theoretical studies in recent years, the culture of practice in real life could not be developed. While accessibility practices in the cities which we live in progressing so slowly, providing full access to historical buildings and areas with a integrated approach requires a very difficult and careful process. Purpose of this study; despite additional challenges such as preserving unique values, developing solutions that are suitable for everyone, not specific for a particular group and producing rational and effective solutions while making historical buildings and areas are complete accessible, demonstrating that it is possible to implement applications in short time. In the congested debate environment where the accessibility of the buildings in the existing building stock is discussed intensely, the idea of being able to move forward faster by discussing the issue over historical buildings and areas with a different vision is shined. Sivas was chosen as study area because of different and excellent proporties of its own such as historical buildings from different layers, the historical city center and like being an open-air museum. Nowadays, some historical buildings in Sivas putted to good use with different functions in the reuse process. These buildings are Buruciye Madrasa, Ulu Mosque, Keykavus Madrasa, Congress Building, Atatürk and Ethnography Museum and Historical Train Station. Special architectural arrangements have been designed in these buildings, and a fully accessible historical route, which has been designed with an innovative approach, including selected works was presented. In addition to this, a fully accessible historical city model was developed by conducting six different surveys on an urban scale and specific for the buildings, with 159 participants who experienced the city and historical buildings. Six main titles have been determined within the framework of field studies and surveys, with an integrated approach that takes into account the special situation of the historical building and the environment, respects the balance of protection and use. Within the integrity of the architectural language, solutions have been developed that profitted by on international practices but do not ignore local dynamics. These titles are; barrier-free field, ramp, railing and urban equipment arrangements, accessible parking arrangements, elevator and platform solutions, toilet solutions for everyone, tactile surface-Braille alphabet map applications, architectural arrangements systematized as guides, informative, stimulating and innovative solutions with digital software. All of these titles have been researched throughout the historical buildings and the city, and the idea of full accessibility has been put forward. In this study, the current standards were questioned within the framework of universal data and it was determined that there was a need for new regulations in terms of the inadequacy of the relevant national standards and the accessibility of the historical environment. At the same time, criticism has been made to local governments and implementer responsibles. Within the scope of the proposed model, it is revealed that it will be possible to obtain effective results 'even in historical structures and areas' with the correct legal infrastructure and updates of standards in a short time from specific to general.
It has seen that the Law on the Disabled Number 5378 came into force in 2005 and after the long process given to those responsible, it still could not create adequate accessible living areas in Turkey. Even though the increment of theoretical studies in recent years, the culture of practice in real life could not be developed. While accessibility practices in the cities which we live in progressing so slowly, providing full access to historical buildings and areas with a integrated approach requires a very difficult and careful process. Purpose of this study; despite additional challenges such as preserving unique values, developing solutions that are suitable for everyone, not specific for a particular group and producing rational and effective solutions while making historical buildings and areas are complete accessible, demonstrating that it is possible to implement applications in short time. In the congested debate environment where the accessibility of the buildings in the existing building stock is discussed intensely, the idea of being able to move forward faster by discussing the issue over historical buildings and areas with a different vision is shined. Sivas was chosen as study area because of different and excellent proporties of its own such as historical buildings from different layers, the historical city center and like being an open-air museum. Nowadays, some historical buildings in Sivas putted to good use with different functions in the reuse process. These buildings are Buruciye Madrasa, Ulu Mosque, Keykavus Madrasa, Congress Building, Atatürk and Ethnography Museum and Historical Train Station. Special architectural arrangements have been designed in these buildings, and a fully accessible historical route, which has been designed with an innovative approach, including selected works was presented. In addition to this, a fully accessible historical city model was developed by conducting six different surveys on an urban scale and specific for the buildings, with 159 participants who experienced the city and historical buildings. Six main titles have been determined within the framework of field studies and surveys, with an integrated approach that takes into account the special situation of the historical building and the environment, respects the balance of protection and use. Within the integrity of the architectural language, solutions have been developed that profitted by on international practices but do not ignore local dynamics. These titles are; barrier-free field, ramp, railing and urban equipment arrangements, accessible parking arrangements, elevator and platform solutions, toilet solutions for everyone, tactile surface-Braille alphabet map applications, architectural arrangements systematized as guides, informative, stimulating and innovative solutions with digital software. All of these titles have been researched throughout the historical buildings and the city, and the idea of full accessibility has been put forward. In this study, the current standards were questioned within the framework of universal data and it was determined that there was a need for new regulations in terms of the inadequacy of the relevant national standards and the accessibility of the historical environment. At the same time, criticism has been made to local governments and implementer responsibles. Within the scope of the proposed model, it is revealed that it will be possible to obtain effective results 'even in historical structures and areas' with the correct legal infrastructure and updates of standards in a short time from specific to general.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Engelli, Erişilebilirlik, Evrensel Tasarım, Tarihi Yapı, Tarihi Çevre, Disabled, Accessibility, Universal Design, Historical Building, Historical Enviorenment
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Çelimli, M. A., (2022). Tari̇hi̇ Yapı ve Alanları Herkes içi̇n Eri̇şi̇lebi̇li̇r Hale Geti̇rmeye Yöneli̇k Model Öneri̇si̇; Si̇vas Kent Örneği̇. (Doktora Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
