Diyarbakır ili buğday ve pamuk ekim alanlarında sorun olan yabancı otlar ile üzerindeki fungal etmenlerin tespiti ve bio-etkinlik potansiyellerinin araştırılması
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Tarih
2011-01-11
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Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada Diyarbakır ili buğday ve pamuk ekim alanlarında sorun oluşturan yabancı ot türleri, bu yabancı ot türlerinin rastlanma sıklığı ve yoğunlukları, konukçuluk ettiği fungal mikroorganizmalar, bunların yaygınlık, görülme oranları ve bazılarının yabancı otların biyolojik mücadelesinde kullanılma olanakları araştırılmıştır. 2008 ve 2009 yıllarında yapılan arazi sürveyinde; buğday ekim alanlarında 174, pamuk ekim alanlarında 63 farklı yabancı ot türü tespit edilmiştir. Buğday ekim alanlarında il genelinde tarlaların % 50'sinden fazlasında rastlanan yabancı otlar 6 tanedir. Pamuk ekim alanlarında il genelinde tarlaların % 50'sinden fazlasında rastlanan yabancı otlar ise 7 tanedir. Buğday ekim alanlarında bulunan 63 farklı yabancı ot türü üzerinde 69, pamuk ekim alanlarında 19 farklı yabancı ot türü üzerinde 23 farklı fungal mikroorganizma saptanmıştır. Her iki kültür bitkisinde 10 yabancı ot türü, 10 tane de fungal mikroorganizma ortak olup, toplam 72 farklı tür yabancı ot üzerinde 82 farklı tür fungal mikroorganizma tespit edilmiştir. In vivo koşullarda yapılan bio-etkinlik çalışmalarında 4 farklı yabancı ota karşı 4 farklı fungal mikroorganizma kullanılmış ve ümitvar sonuçlar alınmıştır. Çalışmalar esnasında çok sayıda pas, külleme ve mildiyö etmeni tespit edilmiş olup, bunlar arasında özellikle 3 tanesinin arazi koşullarında konukçularının gelişimini belli bir düzeyde baskı altında tuttuğu gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile bulunan fungal mikroorganizmaların tamamı Diyarbakır için ilk kayıt olma özelliğinde iken, 15 fungal mikroorganizma Türkiye için ilk kayıt olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, 13 farklı yabancı ot türünün 13 farklı mikroorganizma için yeni konukçu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Karacadağ bölgesinde yetişen ve soyu tükenmekte olan endemik bir mürdümük türü buğday tarlasında sadece bir lokasyonda tespit edilmiştir.
In this study, weed species on wheat and cotton cultivation lands of Diyarbakır, distribution and density of these weed species, fungal microorganisms that they host and their distribution and rates and their possibilities to be used in biological control of weeds were investigated. During the land surveys conducted in 2008 and 2009 years, on wheat cultivation areas 174, on cotton cultivation areas 63 different weed species were identified. On wheat cultivation areas, weeds found on more than 50% of the lands throughout the city are identified as 6 different species. On cotton cultivation areas, weeds found on more than 50% of the lands throughout the city are identified as 7 different species. 69 different fungal microorganisms on 63 different weeds on wheat cultivation area; on 19 different weeds on cotton cultivation area 23 different fungal microorganisms were identified. On two crop plants 10 weed species, 10 fungal microorganisms are commensal and totally 82 different species of fungal microorganism were identified over 72 different weed species. In bioactivity studies made under In vivo conditions, 4 different fungal microorganisms were used against 4 different weed species and promising results were obtained. During the study, many factors of rust, powdery mildew and downy mildew were identifed and it was observed that especially 3 of them supressed the development of their host at some levels. All fungal microorganisms identified by this study have the feature of being the first registry samples for Diyarbakır region and 15 fungal microorganisms were identified as the first registry for our country. Besides, it was observed that 13 different weeds were new hosts for 13 different microorganisms. An endemic lathyrus species growing Karacadağ region and becoming extinct was identified in only one location on wheat land.
In this study, weed species on wheat and cotton cultivation lands of Diyarbakır, distribution and density of these weed species, fungal microorganisms that they host and their distribution and rates and their possibilities to be used in biological control of weeds were investigated. During the land surveys conducted in 2008 and 2009 years, on wheat cultivation areas 174, on cotton cultivation areas 63 different weed species were identified. On wheat cultivation areas, weeds found on more than 50% of the lands throughout the city are identified as 6 different species. On cotton cultivation areas, weeds found on more than 50% of the lands throughout the city are identified as 7 different species. 69 different fungal microorganisms on 63 different weeds on wheat cultivation area; on 19 different weeds on cotton cultivation area 23 different fungal microorganisms were identified. On two crop plants 10 weed species, 10 fungal microorganisms are commensal and totally 82 different species of fungal microorganism were identified over 72 different weed species. In bioactivity studies made under In vivo conditions, 4 different fungal microorganisms were used against 4 different weed species and promising results were obtained. During the study, many factors of rust, powdery mildew and downy mildew were identifed and it was observed that especially 3 of them supressed the development of their host at some levels. All fungal microorganisms identified by this study have the feature of being the first registry samples for Diyarbakır region and 15 fungal microorganisms were identified as the first registry for our country. Besides, it was observed that 13 different weeds were new hosts for 13 different microorganisms. An endemic lathyrus species growing Karacadağ region and becoming extinct was identified in only one location on wheat land.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Biyolojik mücadele, Diyarbakır, Fungus, Yabancı ot, Biological control, Fungi, Weeds
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Özaslan, C. (2011). Diyarbakır ili buğday ve pamuk ekim alanlarında sorun olan yabancı otlar ile üzerindeki fungal etmenlerin tespiti ve bio-etkinlik potansiyellerinin araştırılması. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yayımlanmış doktora tezi, Konya.
