Lajos Kossuth ve Macar mülteciler
Yükleniyor...
Tarih
2017
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Merkezi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Türkler ve Macarlar tarih sahnesinde en eski zamanlardan beri yakın ilişki kurmuşlardır. 16. yüzyılda Osmanlılar Macaristan’ı topraklarına katarak 150 yıl idare etmiştir. 1683 yılındaki Viyana bozgunu sonrasında Macaristan elden çıkmış, kısa süre sonra da Macarlar Katolik Avusturya egemenliğine girmiştir. Daha önceki yıllardaki birkaç başarısız küçük çaplı denemeye karşın Macarların, Avusturya egemenliğinden ve baskısından kurtulmak için giriştikleri özgürlük savaşı 12 Mart 1848 yılında başlamıştır. Avusturya karşıtı mücadeleler, ilk başlarda başarılı olmuşsa da, kazanılan zaferler kalıcı olamamıştır. İhtilalciler bütün ümitlerini yitirince, 11 Ağustos 1849’da Osmanlı Devleti’ne sığınmak zorunda kalmışlardır. İhtilalcilerin lideri Lajos Kossuth, sınır şehri Orsova’ya geldiklerinde Abdülmecid’e bir mektup yazarak Osmanlı Devleti’ne iltica talebinde bulunmuş ve Osmanlı da yüzyıllardır tanıdıkları Macarlara kapılarını açmışlardır. Tarihe “Macar Mülteciler” meselesi olarak geçen olay, Osmanlı Devleti’nin özverili tutum ve başarılı diplomasi örneği ile gerek Avrupa ülkelerinde gerekse Macarlar arasında takdir toplamıştır. Böylece, 19. yüzyıl tarihe Macarlar ile Türkler arasındaki güven ve yakınlaşma yüzyılı olarak geçmiştir. Macar mülteciler zor günlerinde kendilerine kucak açan Osmanlı Devleti’ne karşı minnet duygularını uzun süre muhafaza etmişler ve hatıralarında bu duyguları sıklıkla dile getirmişlerdir. Bu makalede, ihtilal lideri Lajos Kossuth ve iki ülke halkının kahramanlıkla bezenmiş yardımseverliği incelenecek, bu tarihi olayın Macaristan’daki yansımaları ele alınacaktır.
The Turks and the Hungarians have established close relationships since the earliest times in the history scene. In the 16th century, the Ottomans conquered Hungary and the country was under Turkish rule for over 150 years. After the dramatic defeat in 1683 in Vienna, the Ottomans lost Hungary and soon after Hungarians came under the domination of Catholic Austria. Despite a few failed attempts in the previous decades, the Hungarian War of Independence, which was initiated by the Hungarians to liberate the Austrian sovereignty and oppression, began on 12 March, 1848. Although the anti-Austrian struggles were successful at first, the victories won were not permanent. As the revolutionaries lost all their hopes, they had to take refuge in the Ottoman Empire on 11 August, 1849. Lajos Kossuth, the leader of the revolutionaries, wrote a letter to the Ottoman Sultan Abdulmecid when he arrived in the border town of Orsova and demanded asylum in the Ottoman Empire, and the Ottomans opened their doors to the Hungarians they had known for centuries. The event which passed in to the history as the event of “Hungarian Refugees” won appreciation both in European countries and among Hungarians due to the renunciative attitude and a successful diplomacy of the Ottoman Empire. Thus, the 19th-century passed into history as the century of trust and intimacy between the Hungarians and Turks. Hungarian refugees have long maintained their gratitude for the Ottoman Empire, which embraced them on their hard days, and they have often expressed these feelings in their memories. In this article, the heroic benevolence of revolutionary leader Lajos Kossuth and the people of two countries will be examined and the reflections of this historical event in Hungary will be dealt with.
The Turks and the Hungarians have established close relationships since the earliest times in the history scene. In the 16th century, the Ottomans conquered Hungary and the country was under Turkish rule for over 150 years. After the dramatic defeat in 1683 in Vienna, the Ottomans lost Hungary and soon after Hungarians came under the domination of Catholic Austria. Despite a few failed attempts in the previous decades, the Hungarian War of Independence, which was initiated by the Hungarians to liberate the Austrian sovereignty and oppression, began on 12 March, 1848. Although the anti-Austrian struggles were successful at first, the victories won were not permanent. As the revolutionaries lost all their hopes, they had to take refuge in the Ottoman Empire on 11 August, 1849. Lajos Kossuth, the leader of the revolutionaries, wrote a letter to the Ottoman Sultan Abdulmecid when he arrived in the border town of Orsova and demanded asylum in the Ottoman Empire, and the Ottomans opened their doors to the Hungarians they had known for centuries. The event which passed in to the history as the event of “Hungarian Refugees” won appreciation both in European countries and among Hungarians due to the renunciative attitude and a successful diplomacy of the Ottoman Empire. Thus, the 19th-century passed into history as the century of trust and intimacy between the Hungarians and Turks. Hungarian refugees have long maintained their gratitude for the Ottoman Empire, which embraced them on their hard days, and they have often expressed these feelings in their memories. In this article, the heroic benevolence of revolutionary leader Lajos Kossuth and the people of two countries will be examined and the reflections of this historical event in Hungary will be dealt with.
Açıklama
Url: http://usad.selcuk.edu.tr/usad/article/view/105
Anahtar Kelimeler
Macar, Lajos Kossuth, Mülteci, Hungarians, Refugees
Kaynak
Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Duran, A., Köse, İ. (2017). Lajos Kossuth ve Macar mülteciler. Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi, (6), 291-314.
