Konya ilinde entansif koşullarda yetiştirilen saanen keçilerinin adaptasyonu ve bazı verim özellikleri
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Tarih
2013-12-25
Yazarlar
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Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırmada, Konya ilinde özel bir işletmede entansif koşullarda yetiştirilen Saanen keçilerde adaptasyon ve bazı verim özellikleri üzerine kimi çevre faktörlerinin etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Fizyolojik adaptasyon özellikleri olarak rektal sıcaklık, nabız sayısı ve solunum sayısı değerlendirilmiştir. Döl verimi özelliklerinden gebelik oranı, ikizlik oranı ve doğuran keçi başına düşen oğlak sayıları ele alınmıştır. Oğlaklarda büyüme ve gelişme parametreleri incelenmiştir. Süt verimi özelliklerinden laktasyon süt verimi, laktasyon süresi, günlük ortalama süt verimi ve günlük maksimum süt verimi ile bunlara ilişkin tekrarlanma derecelerinin tahmini yapılmıştır. Rektal sıcaklık değerleri yaşa göre sabah, öğle ve akşam ortalamaları bir yaşlı hayvanlarda sırasıyla 38.23 ± 0.50, 38.45 ± 0.46, 38.46 ± 0.46; iki yaşlı hayvanlarda 38.39 ± 0.46, 38.53 ± 0.40, 38.66 ± 1.79; üç yaşlı hayvanlarda 38.36 ± 0.44, 38.48 ± 0.45, 38.55 ± 0.48 oC olarak bulunmuştur. Rektal sıcaklığa yaş ve günün saatlerinin etkisi önemsiz olurken, dönemlerin etkisi önemli olmuştur (P<0.01). Nabız sayıları yaşa göre sabah, öğle ve akşam ortalamaları bir yaşlı hayvanlarda sırasıyla 64.88 ± 9.93, 67.53 ± 8.52, 67.74 ± 8.46; iki yaşlı hayvanlarda 68.56 ± 8.06, 69.65 ± 8.06, 69.09 ± 7.64; üç yaşlı hayvanlarda 68.86 ± 6.79, 70.92 ± 7.81, 69.42 ± 7.06 adet/dk olarak bulunmuştur. Nabız sayısına yaş, gün saatleri ve dönemlerin etkisi önemli olmuştur (P<0.01). Solunum sayıları yaşa göre sabah, öğle ve akşam ortalamaları bir yaşlı hayvanlarda sırasıyla 23.29 ± 2.77, 24.30 ± 3.37, 24.00 ± 2.94; iki yaşlı hayvanlarda 24.10 ± 2.84, 25.30 ± 3.61, 24.43 ± 3.10; üç yaşlı hayvanlarda 23.77 ± 2.92, 25.03 ± 3.58, 24.51 ± 3.32 adet/dk olarak bulunmuştur. Solunum sayısına yaş, gün saatleri ve dönemlerin etkisi önemli olmuştur (P<0.01). Gebelik oranı 2011 yılı için % 93.8, 2012 yılı için % 90.5 olmuştur. İkizlik oranı 2011 yılı için % 59.35, 2012 yılı için % 70.00 olmuştur. Doğuran keçi başına doğan oğlak sayısı 2011 ve 2012 yılları için sırasıyla 1.49 ve 1.46 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sütten kesimde yaşama gücü canlı doğan oğlaklara göre 2011 yılı için % 87.74, 2012 yılı için % 98.54 olarak bulunmuştur. Oğlakların doğum ağırlığı ortalaması erkeklerde 3.42 kg, dişilerde 2.96 kg, tekiz, ikiz ve üçüzlerde sırasıyla 3.57 kg, 3.23 kg ve 2.77 kg olarak bulunmuştur. Oğlakların üç aylık yaşta sütten kesim ağırlığı ortalaması erkeklerde 12.65 kg, dişilerde 12.09 kg, tekiz, ikiz ve üçüzlerde sırasıyla 12.80 kg, 12.65 kg ve 11.68 kg olarak bulunmuştur. Oğlakların canlı ağırlık ortalaması yedi aylık yaşta erkeklerde 20.55 kg, dişilerde 18.98 kg, tekiz, ikiz ve üçüzlerde sırasıyla 20.12 kg, 20.12 kg ve 19.05 kg olarak bulunmuştur. Oğlakların yedi aylık yaşta vücut uzunluğu, cidago yüksekliği, sırt yüksekliği, sağrı yüksekliği, kürekler arkası genişlik, göğüs derinliği, incik çevresi, göğüs çevresi, but çevresi ortalamaları sırası ile 54.35, 60.65, 58.60, 60.54, 21.44, 28.40, 8.04, 68.03, 51.84 olarak bulunmuştur. Laktasyon süt verimi 2011 yılında 268.65 ± 13.14, 2012 yılında 461.55 ± 12.58 kg olarak bulunmuştur. Laktasyon süt verimine doğum tipinin ve oğlaklama aylarının etkisi önemli olmuştur (P<0.05). Laktasyon süresi 2011 ve 2012 yılları için sırasıyla 263.37 ± 2.54 ve 255.91 ± 1.50 gün olarak bulunmuştur. Laktasyon süresine oğlaklama aylarının etkisi önemli olmuştur (P<0.01). Günlük ortalama süt verimi 1367.88 ± 45.01 g bulunmuştur. Oğlaklama ayları, yıl ve laktasyon sırasının günlük ortalama süt verimine etkileri önemli olmuştur (P<0.01). Günlük maksimum süt verimi 2377.92 ± 7.75 g olmuştur. Oğlaklama ayları, laktasyon sırası ve yılın GMSV'ne etkisi önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Süt verimine ilişkin özelliklere ait tekrarlanma derecesi ise laktasyon süt verimi için 0.43 ± 0.08, laktasyon süresi için 0.42 ± 0.10, günlük ortalama süt verimi için 0.44 ± 0.08 ve günlük maksimum süt verimi için 0.32 ± 0.97 olarak tahmin edilmiştir.
In this research, it is aimed to determine the effects of several environmental factors on adaptation and some yield parameters of Saanen goats reared under intensive conditions at a private farm in Konya province. Rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate were determined as physiological adaptation characteristics. Gestation rate, twins rate and litter size were evaluated as reproductive traits. Growth and development parameters of the kids were investigated. Lactation milk yield, lactation period, average daily milk yield and maximum daily milk yield were investigated as milk yield parameters and the repeatability was estimated for lactation milk yield. Morning, noon and evening averages of rectal temperature values by age were found as 38.23 ± 0.503, 38.45 ± 0.465, 38.46 ± 0.462 oC in one-year-old animals; 38.39 ± 0.466, 38.53 ± 0.409, 38.66 ± 1.796 oC in two-year-old animals; 38.36 ± 0.449, 38.48 ± 0.455, 38.55 ± 0.482 oC in three-years-old animals respectively. Significant effect of age and day hours, while the effect of period was significant (P<0.01). Morning, noon and evening pulse rate averages by age were found as 64.88 ± 9.937, 67.53 ± 8.521, 67.74 ± 8.460 beats/min in one-year-old animals; 68.56 ± 8.060, 69.65 ± 8.062, 69.09 ± 7.642 beats/min in two-year-old animals; 68.86 ± 6.795, 70.92 ± 7.814, 69.42 ± 7.065 beats/min in three-years-old animals respectively. Age, day hours and the effect of period were significant (P<0.01). Morning, noon and evening averages respiration rate by age were discovered as 23.29 ± 2.772, 24.30 ± 3.377, 24.00 ± 2.944 beats/min in one-year-old animals; 24.10 ± 2.847, 25.30 ± 3.617, 24.43 ± 3.109 beats/min in two-years-old animals; 23.77 ± 2.926, 25.03 ± 3.581, 24.51 ± 3.323 beats/min in three-years-old animals respectively. Age, day hours and the effect of period were significant (P<0.01). Gestation rate was determined as 93.8% and 90.5% for 2011 and 2012 years respectively. Twins rate was determined as 59.35 % and 70.00 % for 2011 and 2012 years respectively. Litter size was 1.49 and 1.46 for 2011 and 2012 years respectively. Survival rates of kids from birth toweaning at three months of age were found as 87.74 % and 98.54 % for 2011 and 2012 years respectively. Average birth weights were 3.42, 2.96, 3.57, 3.23 and 2.77 kg for male, female, single, twins and triplets kids. Average weaning weights (three months of age) were 12.65, 12.09, 12.80, 12.65 and 11.68 kg for male, female, single, twins and triplets kids. Average body weights at seven months of age were 20.55, 18.98, 20.12, 20.12 and 19.05 kg for male, female, single, twins and triplets kids respectively. Average body lengths, withers heights, dorsal heights, rump heights, widths between paddles, chest depths, shank circumference, heart girths, leg girths of kids at seven months of age were 54.35, 60.65, 58.60, 60.54, 21.44, 28.40, 8.04, 68.03 and 51.84 cm respectively. Lactation milk yields were 268.65 ± 13.14 and 461.55 ± 12.58 kg for 2011 and 2012 years respectively. The effect of birth type and season on lactation milk yield was significant (P<0.05). Lactation period was 263.37 ± 2.54 and 255.91 ± 1.50 days for 2011 and 2012 years respectively. The effect of season on lactation milk yield was significant (P<0.01). Average daily milk yield was 1367.88 ± 45.01 g. The effect of kidding month, year and lactation number on average daily milk yield was significant (P<0.01). Average daily maximum milk yield was 2377.92 ± 7.75 g. The effect of kidding month, year and lactation number on average daily milk yield was significant (P<0.05). Repeatabilities of lactation milk yield, lactation period, average daily milk yield and average daily maximum milk yield were determined as 0.43 ± 0.08, 0.42 ± 0.10, 0.44 ± 0.08, 0.32 ± 0.97 respectively.
In this research, it is aimed to determine the effects of several environmental factors on adaptation and some yield parameters of Saanen goats reared under intensive conditions at a private farm in Konya province. Rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate were determined as physiological adaptation characteristics. Gestation rate, twins rate and litter size were evaluated as reproductive traits. Growth and development parameters of the kids were investigated. Lactation milk yield, lactation period, average daily milk yield and maximum daily milk yield were investigated as milk yield parameters and the repeatability was estimated for lactation milk yield. Morning, noon and evening averages of rectal temperature values by age were found as 38.23 ± 0.503, 38.45 ± 0.465, 38.46 ± 0.462 oC in one-year-old animals; 38.39 ± 0.466, 38.53 ± 0.409, 38.66 ± 1.796 oC in two-year-old animals; 38.36 ± 0.449, 38.48 ± 0.455, 38.55 ± 0.482 oC in three-years-old animals respectively. Significant effect of age and day hours, while the effect of period was significant (P<0.01). Morning, noon and evening pulse rate averages by age were found as 64.88 ± 9.937, 67.53 ± 8.521, 67.74 ± 8.460 beats/min in one-year-old animals; 68.56 ± 8.060, 69.65 ± 8.062, 69.09 ± 7.642 beats/min in two-year-old animals; 68.86 ± 6.795, 70.92 ± 7.814, 69.42 ± 7.065 beats/min in three-years-old animals respectively. Age, day hours and the effect of period were significant (P<0.01). Morning, noon and evening averages respiration rate by age were discovered as 23.29 ± 2.772, 24.30 ± 3.377, 24.00 ± 2.944 beats/min in one-year-old animals; 24.10 ± 2.847, 25.30 ± 3.617, 24.43 ± 3.109 beats/min in two-years-old animals; 23.77 ± 2.926, 25.03 ± 3.581, 24.51 ± 3.323 beats/min in three-years-old animals respectively. Age, day hours and the effect of period were significant (P<0.01). Gestation rate was determined as 93.8% and 90.5% for 2011 and 2012 years respectively. Twins rate was determined as 59.35 % and 70.00 % for 2011 and 2012 years respectively. Litter size was 1.49 and 1.46 for 2011 and 2012 years respectively. Survival rates of kids from birth toweaning at three months of age were found as 87.74 % and 98.54 % for 2011 and 2012 years respectively. Average birth weights were 3.42, 2.96, 3.57, 3.23 and 2.77 kg for male, female, single, twins and triplets kids. Average weaning weights (three months of age) were 12.65, 12.09, 12.80, 12.65 and 11.68 kg for male, female, single, twins and triplets kids. Average body weights at seven months of age were 20.55, 18.98, 20.12, 20.12 and 19.05 kg for male, female, single, twins and triplets kids respectively. Average body lengths, withers heights, dorsal heights, rump heights, widths between paddles, chest depths, shank circumference, heart girths, leg girths of kids at seven months of age were 54.35, 60.65, 58.60, 60.54, 21.44, 28.40, 8.04, 68.03 and 51.84 cm respectively. Lactation milk yields were 268.65 ± 13.14 and 461.55 ± 12.58 kg for 2011 and 2012 years respectively. The effect of birth type and season on lactation milk yield was significant (P<0.05). Lactation period was 263.37 ± 2.54 and 255.91 ± 1.50 days for 2011 and 2012 years respectively. The effect of season on lactation milk yield was significant (P<0.01). Average daily milk yield was 1367.88 ± 45.01 g. The effect of kidding month, year and lactation number on average daily milk yield was significant (P<0.01). Average daily maximum milk yield was 2377.92 ± 7.75 g. The effect of kidding month, year and lactation number on average daily milk yield was significant (P<0.05). Repeatabilities of lactation milk yield, lactation period, average daily milk yield and average daily maximum milk yield were determined as 0.43 ± 0.08, 0.42 ± 0.10, 0.44 ± 0.08, 0.32 ± 0.97 respectively.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Saanen, Süt verimi, Saanen, Reproduction, Repeatability, Döl verimi, Fizyolojik adaptasyon, Physiological adaptation, Tekrarlanma derecesi, Milk yield
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Sarıyel, V. (2013). Konya ilinde entansif koşullarda yetiştirilen saanen keçilerinin adaptasyonu ve bazı verim özellikleri. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Yayımlanmış doktora tezi, Konya.
