COVİD-19 pandemi döneminde bireylerin ağız hijyeni alışkanlıklarının incelenmesi ve salgın sürecinde bireylerin değişen hijyen davranışlarının belirlenmesi
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Tarih
2023
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 pandemi döneminde bireylerin ağız hijyeni alışkanlıklarının incelenmesi, ve salgın sürecinde bireylerin değişen hijyen davranışlarını belirlemektir. Çalışmamıza gönüllü olarak katılan 200 bireye Covid-19 pandemisi öncesindeki veya sırasındaki ağız diş sağlığı ile ilgili durumlarını belirlemek üzere hazırlanan anket formlarındaki sorular klinisyen tarafından yöneltilerek cevapları kaydedildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen bireylerin bütün ağız içi klinik muayeneleri ve radyografik değerlendirmeleri yapılarak ağız diş sağlığı durumları kayıt altına alındı. Her bireyin Covid-19 pandemisi sırasındaki veya öncesindeki (2020 yılından 2015 yılına kadar) röntgenleri de değerlendirilerek güncel ve geçmiş DMFT (Decay=Çürük, Missing= Çekilmiş diş ve Filling=Dolgu) değerleri belirlendi. Çalışmamızda ayrıca gönüllü olan 60 kişilik hasta grubu üzerinde Karyogram programı kullanılarak çürük risk değerlendirilmesi yapıldı. Bu hasta grubunun çürük risk değerlendirilmesi için ağız içi muayeneleri, diyet analizi ve tükürük analizleri gerçekleştirildi. Veriler IBM SPSS V23 ile analiz edildi. Normal dağılıma uygunluk Shapiro Wilk ve Kolmogorov Smirnov Testleri ile incelendi. Bağımsız kategorik verilerin dağılımları Ki-Kare Testi ile bağımlı kategorik verilerin karşılaştırılmasında Mc Nemar Testi kullanıldı ve çoklu karşılaştırmalar Bonferroni Düzeltmeli Z Testi ile yapıldı. Çalışmanın istatistiksel sonuçlarına göre çalışmaya katılan 200 bireyin günde 2-3 kez ve günde 1 kez dişlerini fırçalayanların yüzde oranının, haftada 2-3 kez fırçalayan ya da dişlerini fırçalamayanların yüzde oranlarından (sırasıyla %9,5, %2) daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (sırasıyla %52, %36,5). Hastaların % 81,9 unun Covid-19 pandemi döneminde fırçalama sıklığında değişim olmamış, %14,1 inin fırçalama sıklığı artmış, hastaların çok düşük bir oranında diş fırçalama sıklığı azalmıştır. Hastaların Covid-19 pandemi döneminde diş fırçası değiştirme sıklığı %21,6 sında artarken, %78,4 ünde değişmemiştir. Covid-19 geçirenlerin ailesinde diğer bireylerin de Covid-19 geçirme oranları Covid-19 geçirmeyenlerin oranından yüksek bulunmuştur (sırasıyla %85,7, %34,3). Hastaların pandemi sırasında veya hemen sonrasında diş hekimine ağız-diş muayenesi için geliş sebebi %60,6 oranla "diş ağrısı" olmuştur. Çalışmamızın ikinci grubunu oluşturan Karyogram kategorilerine göre; düşük risk grubunda olan bireylerin %40'nın Covid-19 geçirdiği, yüksek çürük risk grubunda olan bireylerin ise %50 sinin Covid-19 geçirdiği gözlenmiştir. Katılımcıların dişlerini fırçalama sıklıklarının risk gruplarına göre istatistiki olarak değerlendirilmesinde günde 2-3 kez dişini fırçalayanların risk grupları ile günde 1 kez dişlerini fırçalayanların risk grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık görülmüştür (p<0,001). Günde 2-3 kez veya 1 kez diş fırçalayan katılımcıların en yüksek oranda düşük risk grubunda oldukları tespit edilmiştir (Sırasıyla %55,5, %82,6). Karyogram kategorilerine göre oral hijyen durumlarının çürük risk grupları açısından dağılımları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p=0,006). Oral hijyeni iyi olanların %77,1 inin düşük risk grubunda, %11,4 ünün ise orta risk grubunda olduğu ve bu iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu gözlenmiştir (P=0,006) . Oral hijyeni iyi olanların %11,4 ünün yüksek riskli grupta olduğu ve düşük riskli grup ile arasında da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu tespit edilmiştir (P=0,006). Orta oral hijyen-normal plak olanların %33,3 ünün yüksek risk grubunda, kötü oral hijyen-yoğun plak olanların ise % 57.1 inin yüksek risk grubunda olduğu gözlenmiştir. Karyogram kategorilerine göre gingival indeks skorlarına göre çürük risk gruplarının dağılımları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p=0,009). Sağlıklı diş eti olanların %82,7 si düşük risk grubunda %3,4 ü yüksek riskli grupta olup aralarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark gözlenmiştir (p=0,009). Covid-19 öncesi ve sonrası DMFT skorlarının ortanca değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Covid-19 öncesi DMFT skoru ortanca değeri 1 iken Covid-19 sonrası bu değer 2 olarak elde edilmiştir.Öğrenim durumuna göre Covid-19 öncesi DMFT ortanca değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p=0,009). İlkokul/ortaokul mezunu olanlar ile ön lisans/lisans mezunu olanların ortanca değerleri arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. İlkokul/ortaokul mezunu olanların Covid-19 öncesi DMFT ortanca değeri 2 iken ön lisans/lisans mezunu olanlarda ortanca değeri 0 olduğu görülmüştür. Covid-19 öncesi tüm eğitim seviyelerinde DMFT ortanca değerleri düşük iken Covid-19 sonrası DMFT ortanca değerinin yükseldiği gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sınırları dahilinde elde edilen verilere göre Pandemi gibi toplumsal hayatı etkileyen ve kısıtlamaların olduğu dönemlerde toplumun ağız hijyeninin önemli ölçüde etkilendiği, bireylerin yeteri kadar ağız diş sağlıklarını korumaya yönelik önlemleri alamamaları sebebiyle çürük risklerinin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Pandemi dönemlerinde de kullanılabilecek toplumların ağız diş sağlığını koruyucu güncel sağlık politikalarının geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
The aim of this study was to examine the oral hygiene habits of individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine the changing hygiene behaviors of individuals during the pandemic. The questions in the questionnaire forms prepared to determine the oral dental health status of 200 individuals who voluntarily participated in our study before or during the Covid-19 pandemic were asked by the clinician and their answers were recorded. All intraoral clinical examinations and radiographic evaluations of the individuals included in the study were performed and their oral dental health status was recorded. X-rays of each individual during or before the Covid-19 pandemic (from 2020 to 2015) were also evaluated and current and past DMFT (Decay = Caries, Missing = Extracted tooth and Filling = Filling) values were determined. In our study, caries risk assessment was also performed on a group of 60 volunteer patients using the Karyogram program. Intraoral examinations, dietary analysis and saliva analysis were performed for caries risk assessment of this patient group. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS V23. Compliance with normal distribution was analyzed by Shapiro Wilk and Kolmogorov Smirnov tests. The Chi-Square Test was used for the distribution of independent categorical data and the Mc Nemar Test was used for the comparison of dependent categorical data, and multiple comparisons were made with the Bonferroni Corrected Z Test. According to the statistical results of the study, it was found that the percentage of the 200 individuals who brushed their teeth 2-3 times a day and 1 time a day was higher (52%, 36.5%, respectively) than the percentage of those who brushed their teeth 2-3 times a week or did not brush their teeth (9.5%, 2%, respectively). During the Covid-19 pandemic period, 81.9% of the patients did not change their brushing frequency, 14.1% increased their brushing frequency, and a very low percentage of patients decreased their brushing frequency. While the frequency of changing toothbrushes increased in 21.6% of patients during the Covid-19 pandemic, it did not change in 78.4%. The rate of other individuals in the family of those who had Covid-19 was higher than the rate of those who did not have Covid-19 (85.7% and 34.3%, respectively). The reason for visiting the dentist for oral and dental examination during or immediately after the pandemic was "toothache" with a rate of 60.6%. According to the Cariogram categories that constitute the second group of our study; It was observed that 40% of the individuals in the low risk group had Covid-19, and 50% of the individuals in the high caries risk group had Covid-19. In the statistical evaluation of the frequency of brushing of the participants according to the risk groups, there was a statistically significant difference between the risk groups of those who brushed their teeth 2-3 times a day and the risk groups of those who brushed their teeth once a day (p<0.001). Participants who brushed their teeth 2-3 times or 1 time a day were found to be in the low risk group at the highest rate (55.5%, 82.6%, respectively). A statistically significant difference was found between the distribution of oral hygiene status in terms of caries risk groups according to karyogram categories (p=0.006). It was observed that 77.1% of those with good oral hygiene were in the low risk group and 11.4% were in the medium risk group and there was a statistically significant difference between these two groups (P=0.006). It was found that 11.4% of those with good oral hygiene were in the high-risk group and there was a statistically significant difference between them and the low-risk group (P=0.006). It was observed that 33.3% of those with moderate oral hygiene-normal plaque were in the high-risk group, and 57.1% of those with poor oral hygiene-intensive plaque were in the high-risk group. A statistically significant difference was found between the distribution of caries risk groups according to gingival index scores according to Cariogram categories (p=0.009). Among those with healthy gingiva, 82.7% were in the low risk group and 3.4% were in the high risk group and a statistically significant difference was observed between them (p=0.009). There was a statistically significant difference between the median values of DMFT scores before and after Covid-19 (p<0.001). While the median value of DMFT score before Covid-19 was 1, this value was obtained as 2 after Covid-19. A statistically significant difference was found between the median values of DMFT before Covid-19 according to educational status (p=0.009). The difference between the median values of those who graduated from primary/secondary school and those who graduated from associate's/undergraduate school was statistically significant. While the median value of DMFT before Covid-19 for those with primary/middle school graduates was 2, the median value for those with associate's/undergraduate degrees was 0. While the DMFT median values were low in all education levels before Covid-19, it was observed that the DMFT median value increased after Covid-19. According to the data obtained within the limits of this study, it has been determined that the oral hygiene of the society is significantly affected during periods of restrictions that affect social life such as pandemics, and the caries risks increase due to the inability of individuals to take adequate measures to protect their oral dental health. There is a need to develop current health policies that can be used during pandemic periods to protect the oral dental health of societies.
The aim of this study was to examine the oral hygiene habits of individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine the changing hygiene behaviors of individuals during the pandemic. The questions in the questionnaire forms prepared to determine the oral dental health status of 200 individuals who voluntarily participated in our study before or during the Covid-19 pandemic were asked by the clinician and their answers were recorded. All intraoral clinical examinations and radiographic evaluations of the individuals included in the study were performed and their oral dental health status was recorded. X-rays of each individual during or before the Covid-19 pandemic (from 2020 to 2015) were also evaluated and current and past DMFT (Decay = Caries, Missing = Extracted tooth and Filling = Filling) values were determined. In our study, caries risk assessment was also performed on a group of 60 volunteer patients using the Karyogram program. Intraoral examinations, dietary analysis and saliva analysis were performed for caries risk assessment of this patient group. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS V23. Compliance with normal distribution was analyzed by Shapiro Wilk and Kolmogorov Smirnov tests. The Chi-Square Test was used for the distribution of independent categorical data and the Mc Nemar Test was used for the comparison of dependent categorical data, and multiple comparisons were made with the Bonferroni Corrected Z Test. According to the statistical results of the study, it was found that the percentage of the 200 individuals who brushed their teeth 2-3 times a day and 1 time a day was higher (52%, 36.5%, respectively) than the percentage of those who brushed their teeth 2-3 times a week or did not brush their teeth (9.5%, 2%, respectively). During the Covid-19 pandemic period, 81.9% of the patients did not change their brushing frequency, 14.1% increased their brushing frequency, and a very low percentage of patients decreased their brushing frequency. While the frequency of changing toothbrushes increased in 21.6% of patients during the Covid-19 pandemic, it did not change in 78.4%. The rate of other individuals in the family of those who had Covid-19 was higher than the rate of those who did not have Covid-19 (85.7% and 34.3%, respectively). The reason for visiting the dentist for oral and dental examination during or immediately after the pandemic was "toothache" with a rate of 60.6%. According to the Cariogram categories that constitute the second group of our study; It was observed that 40% of the individuals in the low risk group had Covid-19, and 50% of the individuals in the high caries risk group had Covid-19. In the statistical evaluation of the frequency of brushing of the participants according to the risk groups, there was a statistically significant difference between the risk groups of those who brushed their teeth 2-3 times a day and the risk groups of those who brushed their teeth once a day (p<0.001). Participants who brushed their teeth 2-3 times or 1 time a day were found to be in the low risk group at the highest rate (55.5%, 82.6%, respectively). A statistically significant difference was found between the distribution of oral hygiene status in terms of caries risk groups according to karyogram categories (p=0.006). It was observed that 77.1% of those with good oral hygiene were in the low risk group and 11.4% were in the medium risk group and there was a statistically significant difference between these two groups (P=0.006). It was found that 11.4% of those with good oral hygiene were in the high-risk group and there was a statistically significant difference between them and the low-risk group (P=0.006). It was observed that 33.3% of those with moderate oral hygiene-normal plaque were in the high-risk group, and 57.1% of those with poor oral hygiene-intensive plaque were in the high-risk group. A statistically significant difference was found between the distribution of caries risk groups according to gingival index scores according to Cariogram categories (p=0.009). Among those with healthy gingiva, 82.7% were in the low risk group and 3.4% were in the high risk group and a statistically significant difference was observed between them (p=0.009). There was a statistically significant difference between the median values of DMFT scores before and after Covid-19 (p<0.001). While the median value of DMFT score before Covid-19 was 1, this value was obtained as 2 after Covid-19. A statistically significant difference was found between the median values of DMFT before Covid-19 according to educational status (p=0.009). The difference between the median values of those who graduated from primary/secondary school and those who graduated from associate's/undergraduate school was statistically significant. While the median value of DMFT before Covid-19 for those with primary/middle school graduates was 2, the median value for those with associate's/undergraduate degrees was 0. While the DMFT median values were low in all education levels before Covid-19, it was observed that the DMFT median value increased after Covid-19. According to the data obtained within the limits of this study, it has been determined that the oral hygiene of the society is significantly affected during periods of restrictions that affect social life such as pandemics, and the caries risks increase due to the inability of individuals to take adequate measures to protect their oral dental health. There is a need to develop current health policies that can be used during pandemic periods to protect the oral dental health of societies.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Covid-19, Çürük Riski, DMFT, Oral Hijyen, Caries Risk, Oral Hygiene
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Yalçıner, A. İ. (2023). COVİD-19 pandemi döneminde bireylerin ağız hijyeni alışkanlıklarının incelenmesi ve salgın sürecinde bireylerin değişen hijyen davranışlarının belirlenmesi. (Uzmanlık Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Konya.
