Şirket İçi Girişimcilik: Adana’daki Sanayi Kuruluş Yöneticileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2011
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Selçuk Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Günümüzde işletmelerin varlıklarını devam ettirebilmeleri ve sürekli değişen pazar koşullarına kendilerini adapte edebilmeleri, yüksek girişimcilik yeteneği gerektirmektedir. Mevcut çalışma ile işletmelerin orta ve üst kademelerinde görev yapan yöneticilerin, girişimcilik davranış yönelimlerinin ve bu yönelimlerin demografik faktörler (yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum, eğitim ve çalışma süresi) açısından farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Adana Sanayi Odasına kayıtlı ilk 10 işletmede (ASO sıralamasına göre) görev yapan 397 orta ve üst kademe yöneticiye yönelik araştırma gerçekleştirilşmiştir. Örneklem grubundan verilerin toplanmasında, anket formu kullanılmıştır. Anket formunun hazırlanmasında 21 ifadeden oluşan “Girişimci Davranış Yönelim Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ölçekteki 21 ifade, girişimcilik davranışını yenilikçilik, özgüven, kendini kontrol ve başarı isteği alt boyutlarında ölçmektedir. İfadelerin örneklem grubuna uygunluğunu test etmek için faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde aritmetik ortalama hesaplamaları ve regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda yöneticilerin genel girişimcilik ortalaması yüksek bulunurken, alt boyutlardan yenilikçilik boyutunun diğer boyutlara oranla daha yüksek düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Girişimci davranış yönelimi alt boyutları kapsamında, demografik faktörler açısından da anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
An entrepreneur is defined as a person who organizes the production factors such as labour, capital and natural sources and gives action to them. (Tekin, 1999; Tuncer, Ayhan and Varoğlu, 2008). Also, an entrepreneur is defined as a person who always observes the changes in market, finds the demand gaps, builds new demands, notices the changes in demand and adopts the business, gathers all sources and makes investment. They don’t hesitate to compete and take risk, and also don’t avoid taking responsibilities. This process is called as entrepreneurship. (Müftüoğlu, 1993; Tutar and Küçük, 2003; Müftüoğlu and Durukan, 2004; Naktiyok, 2004; Küçük, 2005; Yurtsever et al., 2006; Top, 2006; Özdevecioğlu and Cingöz, 2009). Also, entrepreneur can be defined as a person who finds opportunities in market by taking risks and making innovation and transform them to the profitable business ideas. According to the results of the researches, the features of the successful entrepreneur can be classified as following (Golata, 1987; Kuratko ve Hodgetts 1998; Littunen, 2000; Burns, 2001; Müftüoğlu ve Durukan, 2004; Yeniçeri ve İnce, 2005; Döm, 2006); imagination, stability, to be able to take the risk, to be sophisticate, to be able to apply the strategies, to find opportunities and evaluate them, to have personnel responsibilities, having mission, vision and self confidence, to be independence, creative, to have proactive personality, emotional intelligence. Therefore, an entrepreneur is provider of change (Cunningham and Lischeron, 1991; Kautz, 1991; Naktiyok, 2004; Wickham, 2006). Methodology The aim of this study is to explore entrepreneurial attitude orientation of medium and top level managers of business. In this scope the answers of following questions were looked into. a) What is the level of the entrepreneurial attitude orientation in scope of different dimensions? b) Dose the entrepreneurial attitude orientation differ in scope of every dimension in term of demographic factors? The medium and top level managers of first 10 industrial businesses from members of the Adana Chamber of Industry were included sample group of this study. The basic reason of the selection of Adana as research area is their high intention and help. The numbers of the total medium and top managers in 10 top businesses were 397 and respondent of them were 208. The data collected from sample group by research team using the questionnaire form. The questionnaire form was firstly developed by Robinson et al.(2001) and translated to Turkish by different researchers (Artan, Yener and Aykol, 2008). The questionnaire form was comprised of four dimensions which comply with the Robins’ entrepreneurial attitude orientation scale. Likert scale was used in questionnaire form. Because of different place and region are chosen, the reliability and validity tests were applied again. In order to test the convenience of the data, factor analysis was performed. For this reason, Kaise-Meyer-Olkin and Barlett tests carried out. The factors’ KMO convenience was found higher than 0,50 and Barlett test significant (p<0,05). According to the results of the factor analyze, the four factors were found. Findings about the demographic features of sample group are given table 2. According to the Table 2, the sample group was comprised 65,4 % male, 34,6 % female; 38,5 % single, 61,5 % married; 48,1% 21–30 age, 21,2% 31–40 age, 21,2% 41–50 age, 9,6% 51 age and up; 21,2 % High School graduate, 53,8 % University graduate, and 25,0% High Graduate managers. Results The general evaluation of the sample group for statements was given in Table 3. Managers’ propensity means to be entrepreneur was found higher than average. According to the Table 3, the means of the statement of “I make friendship with people who are innovative and take pleasure of their jobs” (4,17) was found the highest among others. It was followed respectively by statements of “I think about new ideas to improve my job and that makes me happy (4,15) ”, “ I am interested in different issues, problems and their solutions that nobody interest in, and it gives me pleasure (4,15)”. All of those statements are related to the innovative dimension of entrepreneurship. As a result, it may be said that innovative attitudes of orientation of managers are higher. The lowest agreed statement by managers was determined as “ I am bothered when I get important offers and suggestions (2,94)”. This statement is related to self confidence. In other words, the managers have partially shyness with regard to offerings for them. The means of the entrepreneur dimension is given in Table 4. According to the Table 4, The distinct feature of sample group is to be innovative (4,06) . The results of the multi recreation of the demographic characteristics (independent variables) and entrepreneurial attitude orientation were given at Table 5. The explanation of Table 5 is given following; As long as age getting older, also achievement is getting higher. As long as age getting older, innovation is getting lower. The personal control tendency of female managers is lower than male managers Self esteem of female managers is lower than male managers Achievement of married managers is higher than single managers As long as managers’ education level rises, the self esteem decreases. As long as managers’ tenure increases, their innovation tendencies increase. As long as managers’ tenure increases, their self esteem decreases. As long as managers’ tenure increase, their achievement decreases. Conclusion As a result, general findings of the research shows that, entrepreneurial attitude orientation of sample group was found high and to be innovative, which is one of the sub dimensions of entrepreneurial attitude was found highest compared to other three dimensions. The achievement was found respectively the lowest sub dimension of entrepreneurial attitude. According to the related results, to improve entrepreneurial attitudes of managers’ self esteem, personal control and achievement dimensions should be improved. Therefore, managers must be trained and educated and an environment should be provided to them to show their entrepreneurial abilities in there. If new studies carried out on this issue, they will contribute to the confidence of the results of present study in literarily.
An entrepreneur is defined as a person who organizes the production factors such as labour, capital and natural sources and gives action to them. (Tekin, 1999; Tuncer, Ayhan and Varoğlu, 2008). Also, an entrepreneur is defined as a person who always observes the changes in market, finds the demand gaps, builds new demands, notices the changes in demand and adopts the business, gathers all sources and makes investment. They don’t hesitate to compete and take risk, and also don’t avoid taking responsibilities. This process is called as entrepreneurship. (Müftüoğlu, 1993; Tutar and Küçük, 2003; Müftüoğlu and Durukan, 2004; Naktiyok, 2004; Küçük, 2005; Yurtsever et al., 2006; Top, 2006; Özdevecioğlu and Cingöz, 2009). Also, entrepreneur can be defined as a person who finds opportunities in market by taking risks and making innovation and transform them to the profitable business ideas. According to the results of the researches, the features of the successful entrepreneur can be classified as following (Golata, 1987; Kuratko ve Hodgetts 1998; Littunen, 2000; Burns, 2001; Müftüoğlu ve Durukan, 2004; Yeniçeri ve İnce, 2005; Döm, 2006); imagination, stability, to be able to take the risk, to be sophisticate, to be able to apply the strategies, to find opportunities and evaluate them, to have personnel responsibilities, having mission, vision and self confidence, to be independence, creative, to have proactive personality, emotional intelligence. Therefore, an entrepreneur is provider of change (Cunningham and Lischeron, 1991; Kautz, 1991; Naktiyok, 2004; Wickham, 2006). Methodology The aim of this study is to explore entrepreneurial attitude orientation of medium and top level managers of business. In this scope the answers of following questions were looked into. a) What is the level of the entrepreneurial attitude orientation in scope of different dimensions? b) Dose the entrepreneurial attitude orientation differ in scope of every dimension in term of demographic factors? The medium and top level managers of first 10 industrial businesses from members of the Adana Chamber of Industry were included sample group of this study. The basic reason of the selection of Adana as research area is their high intention and help. The numbers of the total medium and top managers in 10 top businesses were 397 and respondent of them were 208. The data collected from sample group by research team using the questionnaire form. The questionnaire form was firstly developed by Robinson et al.(2001) and translated to Turkish by different researchers (Artan, Yener and Aykol, 2008). The questionnaire form was comprised of four dimensions which comply with the Robins’ entrepreneurial attitude orientation scale. Likert scale was used in questionnaire form. Because of different place and region are chosen, the reliability and validity tests were applied again. In order to test the convenience of the data, factor analysis was performed. For this reason, Kaise-Meyer-Olkin and Barlett tests carried out. The factors’ KMO convenience was found higher than 0,50 and Barlett test significant (p<0,05). According to the results of the factor analyze, the four factors were found. Findings about the demographic features of sample group are given table 2. According to the Table 2, the sample group was comprised 65,4 % male, 34,6 % female; 38,5 % single, 61,5 % married; 48,1% 21–30 age, 21,2% 31–40 age, 21,2% 41–50 age, 9,6% 51 age and up; 21,2 % High School graduate, 53,8 % University graduate, and 25,0% High Graduate managers. Results The general evaluation of the sample group for statements was given in Table 3. Managers’ propensity means to be entrepreneur was found higher than average. According to the Table 3, the means of the statement of “I make friendship with people who are innovative and take pleasure of their jobs” (4,17) was found the highest among others. It was followed respectively by statements of “I think about new ideas to improve my job and that makes me happy (4,15) ”, “ I am interested in different issues, problems and their solutions that nobody interest in, and it gives me pleasure (4,15)”. All of those statements are related to the innovative dimension of entrepreneurship. As a result, it may be said that innovative attitudes of orientation of managers are higher. The lowest agreed statement by managers was determined as “ I am bothered when I get important offers and suggestions (2,94)”. This statement is related to self confidence. In other words, the managers have partially shyness with regard to offerings for them. The means of the entrepreneur dimension is given in Table 4. According to the Table 4, The distinct feature of sample group is to be innovative (4,06) . The results of the multi recreation of the demographic characteristics (independent variables) and entrepreneurial attitude orientation were given at Table 5. The explanation of Table 5 is given following; As long as age getting older, also achievement is getting higher. As long as age getting older, innovation is getting lower. The personal control tendency of female managers is lower than male managers Self esteem of female managers is lower than male managers Achievement of married managers is higher than single managers As long as managers’ education level rises, the self esteem decreases. As long as managers’ tenure increases, their innovation tendencies increase. As long as managers’ tenure increases, their self esteem decreases. As long as managers’ tenure increase, their achievement decreases. Conclusion As a result, general findings of the research shows that, entrepreneurial attitude orientation of sample group was found high and to be innovative, which is one of the sub dimensions of entrepreneurial attitude was found highest compared to other three dimensions. The achievement was found respectively the lowest sub dimension of entrepreneurial attitude. According to the related results, to improve entrepreneurial attitudes of managers’ self esteem, personal control and achievement dimensions should be improved. Therefore, managers must be trained and educated and an environment should be provided to them to show their entrepreneurial abilities in there. If new studies carried out on this issue, they will contribute to the confidence of the results of present study in literarily.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Girişimcilik, Girişimci Davranış Yönelimi Ölçeği, Adana, Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial attitude orientation scale
Kaynak
Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
25
Künye
Yazıcıoğlu, İ., Sökmen, A., Sökmen, A., (2011). Şirket İçi Girişimcilik: Adana’daki Sanayi Kuruluş Yöneticileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25, 273-283.